Name: _______________________________________________ Date: ___________________ Period: _____ UNIT 5: DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REVIEW SHEET! YOUR TEST IS TOMORROW! DNA: 2. Examine the objects inside the box labeled #2. This is the monomer of all Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA). What is this called? ________________________ 3. What is the scientific shape of DNA called? ____________________________ 4. What chemical bond will join the two DNA bases together? _________________ Why are they weak? _____________ 5. Which nucleotide part(s) make up the outside of the DNA ladder? Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen Base 6. Which nucleotide part(s) make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen Base 7. What process is occurring below: ___________________ Where in the cell? ________________ When? ___________ 8. Put these pictures in order by placing a 1,
UNIT 5: DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REVIEW SHEET!
YOUR TEST IS TOMORROW!
DNA:
2. Examine the objects inside the box labeled #2. This is the monomer of all Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA). What is this called? ________________________3. What is the scientific shape of DNA called? ____________________________
4. What chemical bond will join the two DNA bases together? _________________ Why are they weak? _____________
5. Which nucleotide part(s) make up the outside of the DNA ladder? Sugar PhosphateNitrogen Base
6. Which nucleotide part(s) make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen Base
7. What process is occurring below: ___________________ Where in the cell? ________________ When? ___________
8. Put these pictures in order by placing a 1, 2, or 3 on the line above the picture and below the picture briefly state what is occurring:
9. Briefly describe how DNA determines an organism’s traits (characteristics) and be sure to mention what part of DNA does this: _________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Do all living organisms share the genetic code of A, T, C, & G? Circle: YES NO
11. What scientist took X-ray photos that led to the discovery of the shape of DNA? _________________ What 2 scientists are attributed with discovering the shape of DNA that used her photos? ____________________ & _____________________.
MUTATIONS:
12. What is a mutation? ___________________________________________________________________
13. Any agent that causes a mutation (such as radiation or cigarettes) would be called a ________________.
14. Mutations can be classified as “point” mutations (ex. Substitution) where only ONE amino acid is changed OR it can be classified as “framshift” mutation (insertion or deletion) that changes all of the amino acids after the mutation. Which one of the two above is more destructive? Why?
15. What is the difference between a gene mutation & a chromosome mutation?
16. If a mutation is to be inherited by your offspring, what type of cells would the mutation have to occur within? (HINT**: will it be the cells of miTOsis or the cells of MEiosis**)? ___________________________
17. Are mutations always bad? __________ Explain what they are most of the time: ____________________
18. Use the Original DNA Sequence below to determine if the following mutated DNA strands are which of the following: Substitution, Deletion, or Insertion. Then state if this is a point mutation or frameshift.
A. Mutation: Substitution, Deletion, or Insertion.
Category of Mutation: Point or Frameshift
B. Mutation: Substitution, Deletion, or Insertion.
Category of Mutation: Point or Frameshift
C. Mutation: Substitution, Deletion, or Insertion.
Category of Mutation: Point or Frameshift
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS & PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER:
19. MATCH THE PROCESS WITH ITS DESCRIPTION: TRANSLATION TRANSCRIPTION REPLICATION
A. _______________________ Making an complementary RNA sequence from a DNA code (DNA à RNA)B. _______________________ Making a DNA copy of a DNA molecule (DNA à DNA)C. _______________________ Making proteins from an RNA message (RNA à protein)
20. Transcription takes place in the ________________; translation takes place in the _______________.
21. COMPARE AND CONTRAST DNA to RNA
DNA RNA
Name:
Sugar used?
List all nitrogen bases it has
Double / Single stranded?
Location in cell?
22. Use words from the word bank to match the following:
messenger-RNA transfer-RNA ribosomal-RNA
A. ___________________ Carries the DNA code from nucleus to cytoplasmB. ___________________ Made by the nucleolusC. ___________________ Adds the correct amino acid to the growing protein chainD. ___________________ Combines with proteins to form ribosomesE. ___________________ Has a CODON regionF. ___________________ Has an ANTICODON region
G. ___________________
H. ___________________
I. ___________________ 23. Amino acids are the building blocks of what biomolecule? ___________________ What organelle makes proteins? ________________________
24. The building blocks of proteins are _________________________, so another form of RNA is necessary to deliver those building blocks to the site of protein synthesis. This is ___________RNA.
25. Circle the correct answer: 1 or 3 codons equal an amino acid? & 1 or 3 bases equal an amino acid?
26. Directions:
1st Fill in the complimentary DNA strand using DNA base pairing rules.2nd Fill in the correct mRNA bases by transcribing the bottom DNA code.3rd Translate the mRNA codons from the new strand and find the correct amino acid using the Codon Table. 4th Write in the amino acid and the correct tRNA coding
27. Label the figure of Protein Synthesis below:
28. In the figures below label each is either: Replication, Transcription, Translation or Mutations.
29. Are genes always turned on (AKA being expressed? ______________ What can influence the expression of a gene? ____________________________________.
30. Referring to question #29, Give an example of how this occurs:
