CHAPTER 37: The End of Empire: Asia & the Middle East, Post WWII Name:____________________________

PART ONE

1. Briefly describe how Gandhi’s life came to an end.

2. Why did European popular support for empire decrease after WWI and WWII?

3. What did Muhammad Ali Jinnah want after independence from the British Empire?

4. What did Gandhi and Nehru want after independence from the British Empire?

5. What happened in India in the wake of Independence and Partition?

6. Briefly describe Nehru’s “nonalignment” philosophy in the Cold War.

7. Do you think this was a wise move for India and other emerging countries like Indonesia and Egypt?

Read “Sources from the Past”

8. How does Jinnah employ the idea of “difference” to justify his calls for a separate Muslim state?

9. Who was the leader of Vietnam’s struggle for independence from French Imperial rule?

10. Why did the French re-invade and re-occupy Vietnam after the end of WWII?

11. What was “settled” at the Geneva Conference in 1954?

12. Why did the US become involved in the Vietnam issue in the 1950s and 1960s?

13. Name the US president that “exponentially increased” US involvement in the war in the mid-1960s.

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CHAPTER 37: The End of Empire: Asia & the Middle East, Post WWII Name:____________________________

14. What is “Vietnamization”?

15. How did Nixon (eventually) get the US out of the Vietnam War?

16. Name the Middle East countries that received full independence right after WWII.

17. What was the Balfour Declaration of 1917?

18. Why did Arab states around Palestine oppose the formation of a Jewish state there?

19. When the British gave up on the whole Arab-Jew conflict in Palestine, whom did they turn the mess over to?

20. What was the ‘solution’ for Palestine put forth by this organization? Why did this lead to civil war?

21. When was the new country of Israel proclaimed? Name the years of the several regional wars that followed.

22. What kind of government did Nasser create after deposing King Farouk in Egypt?

23. Why did he suppress both Communists AND Islamists in Egypt?

24. Why did Egypt under Nasser become part of the “nonalignment” movement?

26. What happened in the Suez crisis? Why do you think BOTH the US and the USSR supported Nasser?

27. What was the outcome for Nasser & Egypt?

28. Why is it “ironic” that France fought SO HARD to maintain control of Algeria?

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CHAPTER 37: The End of Empire: Asia & the Middle East, Post WWII Name:____________________________

29. Why was 1960 known as “the year of Africa”?

30. What was the FLN? What tactics did they use?

31. Why do Bentley et al describe this war as turning “ugly”? When did the war end?

32. What was the philosophy advocated by Frantz Fanon?

PART TWO

1. What was the purpose of the “negritude” movement?

2. Why did European powers plan a SLOW transition to independence for their African colonies?

3. Who led Ghana’s struggle for independence? When did Ghana gain independence?

4. Who led the struggle for Kenya’s independence? When did Kenya gain independence?

Read “Kwame Nkrumah on African Unity”

5. Why do you think he calls for African unity in independence?

6. Why were the whites in South Africa able to dominate the government even though they were a minority?

7. What was apartheid?

8. What was the purpose of the ANC?

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CHAPTER 37: The End of Empire: Asia & the Middle East, Post WWII Name:____________________________

9. When did apartheid come to an end?

10. Briefly describe Nelson Mandela’s activities in South Africa from the1960s-1990s.

11. What were some of the social and cultural reforms enacted by the Communist regime in China?

12. What was the “Great Leap Forward”? What was one of its disastrous effects?

13. What was the “Cultural Revolution”? What happened to intellectuals, teachers, professionals and managers?

14. How did Deng Xiaoping moderate Mao’s extremism and open China up to foreign trade and influence?

15. What was Deng’s reaction to the peaceful democracy protests in Tiananmen Square in 1989?

16. What were some of the difficulties faced by Indira Gandhi in governing India in her political career?

17. Why was Indira Gandhi assassinated? Who killed her?

18. What were some of the Islamic ideas and values revived by extremists in the 1970s?

19. Why did the Shah of Iran become unpopular in the late 1970s?

20. Why didn’t the Iranian Islamic Revolution spread to neighboring Middle East countries?

21. What two wars were started by Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein?

22. Why do you think Pan-African Unity failed to materialize?

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CHAPTER 37: The End of Empire: Asia & the Middle East, Post WWII Name:____________________________

23. What were some of the reforms and activities of Mexican president Lazaro Cardenas?

24. How did Juan Peron rise to power in Argentina? What kind of government did he have?

25. Who was Evita? Why was she so popular?

26. Why did the United States get involved in the internal politics of Guatemala?

27. Why did the United Stated back the Somoza family as rulers of Nicaragua?

28. Who were the Sandinistas? How did they come to power?

29. What is “liberation theology”?

30. What have been some efforts for equal rights for women in Latin America?

VOCABULARY

1. Jawaharlal Nehru2. Pakistan

3. Non-Alignment Movement4. Ho Chi Minh

5. Vo Nguyen Giap6. Viet Minh

7. Dienbienphu8. Lyndon Johnson

9. Richard Nixon10. Vietnamization11. Balfour Declaration (1917)12. Israel

13. Intifada

14. Gamal Abdel Nasser15. Suez Canal Crisis

16. “The Year of Africa”17. FLN

18. Negritude19. Kwame Nkrumah

20. Jomo Kenyatta21. Apartheid

22. ANC23. F. W. de Klerk

24. Nelson Mandela25. Great Leap Forward

26. Cultural Revolution

27. Deng Xiaoping28. Tianenmen Square

29. Indira Gandhi30. Sharia Law

31. Jihad32. Iranian Revolution

33. Shah Reza Pahlavi34. Ayatollah Khomeini

35. Saddam Hussein36. Pan-African Unity

37. PEMEX

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CHAPTER 37: The End of Empire: Asia & the Middle East, Post WWII Name:____________________________

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