Name_______________________________________ AP HG 1.4
THINKING GEOGRAPHICALLY
How can I determine the exact location using latitude and longitude?
DO NOW:
What's the difference between latitude and longitude?
Do you your approximate location using latitude and longitude in New York?
The location of any place on Earth can be described precisely by meridians and parallels, two sets of imaginary arcs drawn in a grid pattern on Earth’s surface.
Parallels are circles drawn around the globe parallel to the equator. The numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel is called latitude. The equator is 0° latitude, the North Pole is 90° north latitude and the South Pole is 90° south Latitude. Only the equator can serve as the baseline for latitude because it is the only line of latitude that divides the Earth into two halves, or hemispheres.
A meridian is an arc drawn between the North and South poles. The location of each meridian is identified on Earth’s surface according to a numbering system known as longitude. Technically, any line of longitude could serve as 0° longitude, but the prime meridian (0° longitude) passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich England (England was the world’s most powerful country when longitude was first accurately measured and the international agreement was made). The meridian on the opposite side of the globe from the prime meridian is 180° longitude, all other meridians have numbers between 0° and 180° east or west, depending if they are either east or west of the prime meridian.
Longitude plays an important role in calculating time. Earth makes a complete rotation every 24 hours and as a sphere is divided into 360° of longitude, therefore travelling 15° east or west is the equivalent of travelling to a place that is 1 hour earlier or later than the starting point (360° divided by 24 hours equals 15°). If we let every fifteenth degree of longitude represent one time zone, and divide the 360° by 15°, we get 24 time zones, or one for each hour of the day.
The international agreement designated the time at the prime meridian (0° longitude) as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). It is the master reference time for all points on Earth. As Earth rotates eastward, any place to the east of your passes “under” the sun earlier. Thus as your travel eastward from the prime
Determining Latitude & Longitude
meridian, you are “catching up” with the Sun, so you must turn your clock ahead from GMT by 1 hour for each 15°. If you travel westward from the prime meridian, you are “falling behind” the sun, so you turn you clock back from the GMT by 1 hour for each 15°.
The eastern United States, which is near 75° west longitude, is therefore 5 hours earlier than GMT (the 75° difference between the prime meridian and 75° W longitude, divided by 15° per hour, equals 5 hours.
Each 15° band of longitude is assigned to a standard time zone. The 48 contiguous US states and Canada share four standard time zones: Eastern, Central, Mountain and Pacific.
Parallels are to ______________________, as ____________________ are to longitude.
0° latitude = ________________________ 0° longitude = ______________________
____________________ plays an important role in calculating time.
There are _____ time zones on the globe. Traveling 15° east/west is the same as travelling _______
The master time reference for all points on Earth is ______________________________________
Your current time is behind GMT when you travel in this direction ___________
Your current time is ahead of GMT when you travel in this direction ___________
NY is located at 75° W, hour many hours behind is it from GMT? _________
In Sydney, Australia (150°E) the current time is 11pm. What time is it at GMT?__________
Parallel: around the globe parallel to equator
Numbering system to locate parallel is latitude
Equator = 0° latitude
Measure in north/south
Role in calculating climate
Meridian: an arc drawn between North and South poles
Location of each meridian is identified by longitude
Prime meridian = 0° longitude
Measured in east/west
Role in calculating time
Use the map to answer the following questions about latitude and longitude.
1. What ocean does the Prime Meridian cross the equator?a. Atlantic b. Pacific c. Indian d. Arctic
2. What two continents does the equator cross?a. North America and South America c. Africa and Europeb. Africa and South America d. Australia
3. Which one of these continents lies completely in the Southern Hemisphere?a. North America c. South Americab. Asia d. Australia
4. What ocean lies completely in the Eastern Hemisphere?a. Atlantic b. Indian c. Pacific d. Artic
5. What continent lies completely north of the equator and east of the Prime Meridian?a. Europe b. Asia c. Africa d. North America
6. On what continent would you find the place with a latitude of 20° N and a longitude of 0°?a.Europe b. Asia c. Africa d. South America
7. On what continent would you find each of the following locations?
a. 60°N, 100°W __________________________________
b. 60°N, 100°E __________________________________
c. 20°S, 60°W __________________________________
d. 20°N, 20°E __________________________________
e. 20°S, 140°E __________________________________
8. Identify the city that lies closest to each pair of coordinates.
a. 30°N, 90°W __________________________________
b. 30°N, 30°E __________________________________
c. 60°N, 30°E __________________________________
9. Give the coordinates for each city.
a. Shanghai, China ________________________________
b. Durban, South Africa _____________________________
10. Identify the city with each pair of coordinates.
a. 0°, 78°W ____________________________________
b. 51°N, 0° ____________________________________
c. 38°S, 145°E ____________________________________
11. Estimate the coordinates for each city to the nearest degree.
a. Calcutta, India __________________________________
b. Nairobi, Kenya __________________________________
c. New York, New York _____________________________
Master reference time for all points on Earth = ________________________________________
Located at ______ degrees longitude which also is called the ________________________________________
15° =_____ hour
As you move EAST from Greenwich mean time you move ahead / behind
As you move WEST from Greenwich mean time you move ahead / behind
1. 30° = ______ hours 75° = ______ hours 150° = ______ hours
2. It is 2pm at Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
15°E = ___________ 150° E = _________15°W = __________ 150° W = _________
3. St. Petersburg, Russia is located 30° E of GMT
If it is 8PM in St. Petersburg, what time is it in GMT? _________
If it is 10PM in St. Petersburg, what time is it in New York (75°W)? ___________
4. A business call from New York (which is located at 75°W) at 6 P.M. on Tuesday to Sydney, Australia (which is located at 150°E). What time is it in Sydney?
a. 9 AM Tuesdayb. 9 PM Tuesdayc. 9 AM Wednesdayd. 9 PM Wednesdaye. 6 PM Tuesday
5. Eastern Time Zone = 7pmCentral Time zone = _________Mountain Time Zone = _______Pacific Time Zone = ________
