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Level 5 Audioscript for Microsite

AUDIO SCRIPT: WONDERFUL WORLD 5 STUDENT’S BOOK without answers

UNIT 1 Fascinating Places

Track 1.1

N: 1 Listen. Listen and repeat.

Woman: border

fascinating

monument

historic

ruin

Track 1.2

N: 2 Listen and read.

Man: Friday, 10 July

I’m so excited: we’re leaving for Peru tomorrow! Our first stop is the capital, Lima. We’ll be visiting some of Lima’s beautiful churches. We’ll also see the monument honouring Peru’s national hero, José de San Martín.

Sunday, 12 July

Today, we’re going to Cusco, the oldest city on the continent. It’s also among the highest, at 3,400 m (11,150 ft.) above sea level. We’re visiting Cusco Cathedral, which took almost 100 years to build. We’re also eating some Peruvian dishes, including ceviche, raw fish in lime juice.

Monday, 13 July

We’re going to Machu Picchu today. This is a city of Incan ruins, found high in the Andes Mountains. Machu Picchu was very important during the Incan empire, but was forgotten until 1911, when an explorer named Hiram Bingham found the city. Today, it’s one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.

Tuesday, 14 July

Today, we’re visiting Ollantaytambo. This historic fort is made from huge fifty-ton stones. What’s fascinating is that the blocks came from an area over 5 km (3.1 mi.) away. People moved the blocks down a mountain, across a river, and up another mountain to build the fort − with no trucks or trains!


Friday, 17 July

Today, we’re in Puno, a small town near the Bolivian border. From Puno, we’re taking a boat to the Uros Islands. People live in straw houses on these floating islands. Some of the straw houses are simple, but others are quite modern: they’ve even got satellite TV and WiFi!

Sunday, 19 July

Unfortunately, our next destination is Lima’s airport. It’s time to go home. Goodbye, Peru!

Track 1.3


Woman: bridge

fountain

market

palace

sculpture

Track 1.4

N: 9 Listen to learn about Adele's holiday. Then circle the correct word.

Girl: Every year, my parents plan a holiday to a new place. This year, we’re going to Marrakech, Morocco. We’re spending the week learning about Moroccan culture. We’re visiting some of the beautiful buildings in Marrakech, including the famous Koutoubia Mosque, with its 77-metre-high tower. We’re also walking through the beautiful plants and fountains at the Majorelle Garden. We’re going to the ruins of the Badi Palace, which was built in the sixteenth century for the Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur. Every day, tourists visit this monument to get an idea of what life was like for the sultan hundreds of years ago.

Of course, we can’t miss the famous night market in Marrakech: the Jemaa el Fna. This market has been in Marrakech since the twelfth century, and more than a million people visit each year. Here, we’re eating some delicious Moroccan food. We’re shopping for shoes, lamps and spices. We’re also looking for entertainment, like music and snake charmers. It’s going to be a fantastic trip! I can’t wait to get there.

Track 1.5


Man: gorge


past

point

powerful

rafting

rocky

suggest

Track 1.6


Woman: The Grand Canyon

The Grand Canyon is a massive gorge located in the US state of Arizona, and it’s considered one of the seven wonders of the natural world. Scientists think the Colorado River, which still runs through the canyon, has created the gorge slowly over the past six million years. However, new research suggests that this started happening as far back as 70 million years ago. Today, the canyon is 446 km (277 miles) long, up to 29 km (18 miles) wide and nearly 1.6 km (1 mile) deep at certain points.

Millions of visitors come to the Grand Canyon each year. In fact, the Grand Canyon received over 6 million tourists in 2016, the most it’s ever seen. Camping is very popular around the canyon. Some visitors love to hike through it, while others prefer to explore the canyon on a mule. The paths can be rocky, steep and narrow. It’s best to have some experience if you plan to explore on foot. Lots of visitors go rafting on the Colorado River. The fast, powerful waters of the river make for an exciting ride! If you want a different kind of adventure, visit the ‘Skywalk’, a glass pathway over the western side of the canyon. As you walk on the glass, you can see the bottom of the canyon, which is 1,200 m (4,000 ft.) below!

If you go, plan your visit carefully. Check the weather and bring the right clothing. It can get as hot as 47°C (120°F) in the summer, and there’s little shade. Bring sunscreen and lots of water to drink. The Grand Canyon is beautiful, but it can be dangerous. It’s easier to stay safe if you’re prepared.

Guess what! Supai Village – a village of approximately 200 people – is the only town in the Grand Canyon. No roads go in and out of the village, so people travel mainly by mule.

Track 1.7


Man: flat They're looking for a flat piece of land to build their house.

Narrow You cannot walk next to me on this narrow path.

Shallow The children prefer to swim in the shallow water so they can stand up.


Steep If you can want to climb this steep hill, you need special climbing boots.

Wide The river is too wide for us to swim across. We need to go over the bridge.

Track 1.8

N: 8 Listen to the conversation and number the pictures in the correct order.

Dad: Phew! It’s really hot!

Ellie: Yeah, it must be 45 degrees! And look at the time. It’s only 11 o’clock.

Dad: Let’s have a rest here for five minutes.

Ellie: OK. Can I have some water?

Dad: Yes, but don’t drink too much. We’ve only got a few more bottles.

Ellie: Hey, Dad, look! What’s that under that rock?

Dad: Where?

Ellie: There! I think it’s a snake!

Dad: Relax, Ellie. Look, it’s just a lizard.

Ellie: Phew!

Dad: Have you got the map?

Ellie: Yeah, here it is.

Dad: Let me see. We’re here now and our destination is there. And we need to get there by dinner time.

Ellie: But that’s about ten kilometres! How can we walk so far in this hot sun? Everything is so rocky here. The hills are so steep, and my feet are hurting in these walking boots.

Dad: Oh, Ellie! Stop it! They say there are some amazing prehistoric drawings on these rocks. Wouldn’t it be amazing to see them? And look at the impressive view from here. I want to take a photo. <SFX: Photo snap> OK, let’s go now and we’ll stop for lunch in about an hour.

Ellie: OK, Dad. You’re right. Sorry! Wait … Oh, no!

Dad: What’s the matter now?

Ellie: I’ve sat on our sandwiches. Look at them now!

Dad: Never mind, they’ll still taste the same. Come on, Ellie! Let’s keep hiking!


Track 1.9>

N: 1 Listen to three people talk about amazing places in their countries that many people don't know about. Which one sounds most interesting to you?

Ahmad, 17, India

Ahmad: Not many people who visit India know about the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. There’s a special train which uses the railway called the ‘Toy Train’ because it’s so small. The journey to the town of Darjeeling is very slow because the route through the mountains is steep and narrow. The 80-km (50-mi.) journey can take up to 10 hours, but the views are really impressive!

N: Tina, 16, New Zealand

Tina: Norway is the place where you expect to find fjords, but we have our own ‘Fiordland’ in New Zealand! Some of the fiords, which are deep lakes between high mountains, are over 200 m (656 ft.) deep! Parts of the 'Lord of the Rings' film trilogy were filmed in Fiordland, so now it's popular with tourists who love these films.

N: Petros, 13, Greece

Petros: Greece is famous for its ancient monuments and sandy beaches, but did you know about its mountains, gorges and rivers? Zagori, in Epirus, is a fantastic mountain area in the north of Greece. There are many paths. Some have got old bridges over the rivers and the gorges. There are other paths which you can take to walk to the tops of the mountains. I'm going there this spring. I can't wait!

UNIT 2

Track 2.1


Woman: absorb

create

electricity

glow

power

ray

smooth


Track 2.2


Man: Power in the Path

Have you ever taken a bike ride in the sun? It might make your ride a little hotter, but a cycle path in a sunny area can be a good thing. In fact, in the Netherlands, one company decided to build a cycle path that can create energy using the sun.

In the town of Krommenie, there’s a 70 m. (230 ft.) cycle path with solar panels built into it. These panels absorb light from the sun’s rays. They then use that light to create electricity, which can power specific things (like street lights) or go right into the electrical grid. In its first year, this short path was creating enough energy to power one house for a whole year!

Developers are still doing research. They must make sure the path is strong enough for buses and trucks to drive over it. They must also make sure the path isn’t too smooth because that could get slippery, causing cyclists to fall. This test path must be just right before this type of path can be built in other places.

In another Dutch town, Eindhoven, there’s a cycle path that uses solar energy to make art. The path, which opened in 2014, is made up of thousands of tiny lights that absorb the sun during the day and glow at night. From above, these lights combine to look like the famous painting The Starry Night by Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh. This one-kilometre path is part of a larger cycle path that honours van Gogh, who lived in this area from 1883 to 1885. It’s a beautiful and creative way of using the power of the sun, and the path now attracts many visitors.

Track 2.3


Woman: make a decision You must make a decision about which classes to take.

Make a difference Solar energy makes a difference for the environment

Make an effort Scientists are making an effort to find clean energy sources.

Make a mistake I made a mistake by cycling on the road, not the cycle path.

Make a sound It's so quite here. Nobody's making a sound.

Do an experiment They're doing an experiment to learn about people's behaviour.

Do a favour Please do me a favour and help me fix my bicycle.

Do homework You must do your homework before you can ride your bike

Do a job The workers are doing a good job putting up solar panels.

Do research The city did research to find out what its residents thought.


Track 2.4

N: 9 Listen and number the inventions 1–3.

Man: Hello and welcome to the programme ‘Strange but True’. Today we’re talking about inventions, but not inventions that changed the world like the telephone and the computer. These inventions weren’t a success and they probably aren’t for sale in many shops! Let’s listen.

1

The first one is an umbrella, but you don’t hold it in your hand – you wear it

on your head! It helps keep you dry in the rain or safe from the sun.

This wasn’t a success, though, because people felt silly wearing it.

2

This is useful for meal times. It’s a small electric fan and you use it when your food is too hot.

You put it on your bowl or near your hot food, and it makes it cool so you can eat it. The best

part? It’s solar powered, so you don’t need any batteries!

3

This is something else that you wear. It looks like a belt, but it opens and becomes a

seat! It’s useful if you want to sit down when you’re out – for example, when you’re waiting

somewhere and you feel tired.

Well, as I said before, these inventions aren’t life-changing, but everything is invented by

someone! If you have a better invention, call our programme and let us know!

Track 2.5


Woman: discover

exist

investigate

microscopic

orbit

outer space


support

surface

Track 2.6


Man:

What’s Out There?

People have always wondered if life exists beyond Earth. Ever since the 17th century, when Galileo began using a telescope to study outer space, we have been curious about what – if anything – lives beyond our planet. Today, scientists are hoping to discover some life forms in outer space. Not creatures from the science fiction films, but rather microscopic life forms, which might be found in water.

Scientists have already spent much time and money looking for water on the surface of Mars. They've found water underneath Mars's surface, but not like the lakes and rivers we have on Earth. Scientists feel that the Red Planet probably had water on it's surface billions of years ago. Today, researchers continue to investigate whether the planet has ever been able to support life.

Two moons are also showing signs that life could be possible—Jupiter’s moon, Europa, and Saturn’s moon, Enceladus. Both moons have got icy surfaces with water underneath. Europa is billions of years older than Enceladus. For that reason, many scientists think it’s more likely than Enceladus to have life, because life forms take a long time to develop.

Scientists have also started studying the possibility of life on a planet outside our solar system. There’s a planet orbiting Proxima Centauri, the next closest star to Earth after the Sun. This rocky planet is about the same size as Earth, and may be warm enough for liquid water. It’s too early to tell if life could exist on the planet, but scientists hope to learn more when the James Webb Space Telescope explores this area of space, starting in 2018.

With exciting new missions planned, scientists are hoping that we’ll soon know if we’re alone in the universe, or if we’ve got some microscopic neighbours.

Guess what! NASA scientists are planning to send the Europa Clipper spacecraft to arrive in Jupiter’s system before 2030. They are also planning to land astronauts on Mars by the mid-2030s.

Track 2.7

N: 7 Listen and repeat.

Woman: galaxy

universe


planet

solar system

spacecraft

telescope

Track 2.8

N: 9 Listen to someone talking about the moon and circle the correct words.

Man: In the past, there were many stories about the moon. Some people even used to believe there was a ‘man in the moon’, for example. They thought they could see his face when the moon glowed at night.

Now we know a lot more about the moon and astronauts have even visited it. The moon is about 385,000 kilometres away from Earth – not very far really. It only takes 13 hours to travel to the moon by spacecraft. It would take 130 days to travel the same distance by car. The moon orbits the Earth in the same way that the Earth orbits the Sun. It takes 27 days for it to orbit the Earth.

When we look at the moon from Earth, it looks like a light in the sky. The moon doesn’t make its own light, however – it reflects light from the Sun. The moon looks as if it changes shape every night. Actually, the moon doesn’t change at all. The light from the Sun changes and this makes the moon look different to us.

The moon looks big, but the Earth is actually four times bigger than the moon. The Earth is also a much more comfortable place to live. There is no air to breathe on the moon and it is very dry. The sunlight on the moon is dangerous to human beings. If people go to live on the moon one day, it won’t be easy. They will have to stay indoors most of the time and wear special clothes when they go out.

Track 2.9

N: 1 Listen and read the article. What do you think of when you hear the word 'technology'?

Woman: When people hear the word ‘technology’, many think of the newest, most modern robots or electronic gadgets. But technology is defined as the use of science to make new things and solve problems. People have always used technology to solve problems. Take a look at some technologies of the past that really changed how humans live.

Around 2.6 million years ago

Our ancestors begin using simple stone tools as hammers and knives. This may be considered the earliest use of technology.


Around 25,000 years ago

The sewing needle is invented, which means that it's much easier for people to make and wear clothes, something that they had begun doing about 170,000 years ago.

Around 5,500 years ago

The wheel is invented in Mesopotamia in 3500 BCE. This technology is originally developed for potters. It takes 300 years for the wheel to be used for transport.

Around 600 years ago

In 1439, Johannes Gutenberg demonstrates the printing press. With this machine, it’s possible to create many copies of a paper in little time. The printing press leads to the spread of information through books and newspapers.


By the late 1800s, different inventors are working on the automobile. Karl Friedrich Benz creates the first automobile powered by petrol. It looks more like a bike than a car!


On 25 March 1925, John Logie Baird shows the first televised images in motion at a London department store. The invention of the TV set brings the world into people’s homes.

Since the 1970s

The first mobile telephone call takes place in 1973, and mobile phones become more common by the mid-1980s. By 1993, the first smartphone is invented these gadgets have since changed how we do almost everything!

Track 2.10

N: 3 Listen to five people talking about mobile phones. Match each person to what heshe says.

Speaker 1

Girl: I like using my phone for video calls. To me, it’s so much better to talk to a person face-to-face than to send messages. And I feel like my friends and family are right there with me, no matter where they are. If I’m shopping and want to show my best friend a shirt, I just hold it up and ask her what she thinks of it. Video calling is the best!

N: Speaker 2

Boy: I’ve had my mobile phone for about two years now and I use it all the time. I don’t make a lot of phone calls, but I send thousands of text messages every month! I can write messages really fast so it’s easier than calling. It makes a big difference because I can communicate with my friends quickly and quietly.


N: Speaker 3

Boy: My mum and dad gave me my first mobile phone for my birthday last month, so I haven’t had it for long. I don’t often talk on it, but I sometimes ring my parents when I’m out. They prefer talking to texting. Oh, and I like playing games on it when I’m bored. It’s also useful for doing homework. I can use the dictionary and calculator apps whenever I need them.

N: Speaker 4

Girl: I love using my mobile phone, but I’ve got one problem. A lot of the time I forget where I’ve put it. My friends laugh at me because I spend so much time searching for it. Sometimes I ask them to call me on my phone so I can hear it ring and find it!

N: Speaker 5

Girl: I’m the only person in my class who hasn’t got a mobile phone and I really want one! My parents say I don’t need a phone and they think they’re bad for me, but I don’t agree. People

my age need mobile phones so they can contact their friends easily. I’ve got email but it’s not the same. Nobody communicates through email these days.

Track 2.11

N: Song

Woman: When you fly in a plane, up in the sky. You can see lots of fascinating places. You can see villages and cities, Oceans and lakes, And lots of wide open spaces.

Have you ever wanted to fly up high and investigate Earth from above? Seeing our planet in all its beauty Will help us to treat it with love.

When you fly in a spacecraft, beyond the Earth. You can see lots of fascinating things. You can see comets and rocks, Moons and planets, Like Saturn, with all its rings.

Have you ever wanted to travel beyond our planet to explore outer space? Reaching out to far planets and galaxies Every day you’d discover a new place.

UNIT 3 Natural Wonders

Track 3.1


Man: burn

cause

damage


emergency

prevent

put out

spread

Track 3.2


Woman:

What to Do About Wildfires

Nature can be beautiful, but it can also be dangerous. Take wildfires, for example. More and more wildfires have been burning recently. They’ve burnt millions of hectares in the last few years. Wildfires occur most often in the western USA, but they can happen anywhere.

Natural causes like lightning and hot sun have caused wildfires, but four out of five wildfires are started by humans. Once a wildfire starts, it burns anything in its path such as trees, bushes and even buildings. Dry weather and high winds help wildfires spread, and they can move very quickly, up to 23 km (14 mi.) an hour.

So, what should you do to prevent a wildfire? First, always be careful around fire. Follow fire safety rules in parks and public areas, especially when camping. And if you do make a fire outdoors, be sure that you put it out completely. Even if you’re careful, you should be prepared for a wildfire. If one starts in your area, check TV, radio and emergency alerts for smartphones to learn what to do. Pay attention to the fire and communicate with emergency workers. Always follow their instructions.

Wildfires can be scary, but did you know they can actually help a forest? The fire kills sick plants and harmful insects that have been living in the forest's ecosystem. Certain animals do better in the burnt-out habitat that fires create. And by burning trees and their leaves, wildfires allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, so light can reach seedlings and help them grow into new plants. Wildfires are dangerous and can cause a lot of damage. But they’re also a part of the natural world, and they can be healthy for a forest. So, we can’t simply view them as destruction, but also as nature making room for new beginnings.

Track 3.3


Man: drought

flood

hurricane


tsunami

volcano

wildfire

Track 3.4

N: 9 Alex does an unusual job. He's a 'smokejumper'. Listen to the interview and complete the notes.

Interviewer: Now Alex, you’ve got an unusual job. Can you tell me about it?

Alex: Yes, I’m a special kind of firefighter – a smokejumper.

Interviewer: And what do smokejumpers do?

Alex: We help put out forest fires. In Russia, where I usually work, there are thousands of wildfires every year.

Interviewer: I see. And how do you fight the fires?

Alex: When there’s a forest fire in an area that is difficult to get to, we fly to the area by plane or helicopter. Then we jump out, land on the ground and try to put out the fire or prevent it from spreading.

Interviewer: It sounds like a dangerous job!

Alex: Yes, it is! Sometimes we stay in the forest where the fires are for days.

Interviewer: What do you take with you?

Alex: Water and some basic equipment, especially shovels and axes.

Interviewer: What sort of person do you need to be, to be a smokejumper?

Alex: Well first you need to be both strong and clever. You also need to know how to survive in the forest – to find food and live outdoors, in nature.

Interviewer: That’s very interesting. Well, thanks for talking to me, Alex …

Alex: My pleasure!

Track 3.5


Man: appearance

defend

mammal


predator

reptile

species

Track 3.6


Woman:Nature’s Creative Creatures

You’ve probably already learnt a lot about animals, but we bet you haven’t been studying animals as unusual as these. Here are three unusual creatures found in nature.

Duck-billed Platypus

This unusual Australian animal seems to have parts from other, more common species: a duck’s bill, a body covered with fur, and a beaver-like tail. The platypus is a good swimmer, but it also lives on land. Its webbed feet change when it’s on land to help it run. The platypus is a mammal—mothers nurse their babies for about four months. But what’s unusual about this mammal is that it lays eggs!

Short-horned Lizard

The short-horned lizard lives in North America. It’s got horns on its head and back, and a body covered in scales. What makes the short-horned lizard different from other reptiles is how it defends itself. It can blow its body up so it looks like a spiked balloon. If that doesn’t work, it shoots blood from its eyes to trick predators. It can shoot the blood from 1 m (3 ft.) away.

King Vulture

Don’t judge this bird by its colourful appearance. Although it looks bright and cheerful, the king vulture has got a pretty disgusting job: it eats dead animals. By eating these bodies, the king vulture cleans up the forest floor in Central and South America, where it lives. This helps prevent the spread of disease. The vulture’s brightly-colored head is bald, and this lack of feathers helps it stay clean while it eats. Plus, it’s got a very strong beak and claws, which are also useful at mealtimes.

Guess what! The duck-billed platypus might look very cute, but be careful! The male platypus is poisonous and its sting can be deadly.

Track 3.7


Man: beak

bill


claw

fur

horn

scales

Track 3.8

N: 9 Listen. Tick T for True or F for False.

Yann: Hello listeners! Today, I’m interviewing scientist Dr Isabella Markham.

Dr Markham: Thank you, Yann. I’m happy to be here.

Yann: Dr Markham, I understand that you do a lot of work in the Galápagos Islands.

Dr Markham: Yes, that’s right. I have been going there twice a year for the last decade.

Yann: Really? Wow! That’s a lot of visits. And what have you been doing there?

Dr Markham: Well, I have been studying the different animal species that live on the islands. There are many endemic species that live there, so I must visit the islands if I want to study them in their natural habitat.

Yann: Excuse me, Dr Markham, but what does endemic mean?

Dr Markham: It means that you can’t find these species anywhere else in the world. They only live on the islands. A good example is the Galápagos tortoise. Scientists think that these tortoises have been living on the islands for about 3 million years. But they don’t live anywhere else in the world. The same is true for the marine iguana. These reptiles evolved from iguanas that lived on the South American continent. They probably floated to the island, maybe on a piece of a tree, after a storm or a flood. Since they’ve arrived on the islands, the iguanas have changed, and now they can swim.

Yann: Interesting. You’ve told us about two reptiles. Are there any other endemic species on the island that aren’t reptiles?

Dr Markham: Of course! There are mammals. The most famous are the Galápagos sea lions. And there are many species of endemic birds. My favourite is the Galápagos dove. I love their beautiful blue eyes.

Yann: So, have you learnt anything interesting about these animals that you’d like to share with our class?

Dr Markham: Well, you might like to know that the Galapagos tortoise lives to be very old. Over 100 years old. One tortoise in a zoo has lived to be 170 years old! And marine iguanas sneeze all the time! It can be pretty cute.

Yann: Incredible. Thank you so much for talking to me today, Dr Markham.

Dr Markham: You’re welcome.


Track 3.9

N: 1 Listen and read Amelie's journal entry about her trip to Iceland. What did she see? Would you like to see these things? Why or why not?

Amelie: 2 January

I’m so excited to be in Iceland this weekend. This morning, we got on a bus to the southern coast, to see some of Iceland’s natural beauty. We’re going to try to see the Northern Lights tomorrow night. Even if we don’t see them, I’ve already seen some of the most amazing sights on the journey.

We stopped in a national park today and explored an ice cave. They call it the ‘Crystal Cave’ because the ice is as clear as crystal. Exploring ice caves can be dangerous, so we went with a guide. We had to wear special boots − the least comfortable boots I’ve ever worn − but it was worth it.

3 January

Today we explored the Jökulsárlón glacier lagoon. It’s a large lake made from melted glaciers, and the coldest lake I’ve ever visited! I did NOT want to go swimming. We also saw waterfalls, and a black sand beach. It was nothing like the beaches near us. The guide said it was called ‘Diamond Beach’ because the black sand shines like diamonds.

At night, we went out to look for the Northern Lights. They occur when the Sun meets certain gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. It’s hard to know when they’ll appear. But we got lucky and saw them the first night. They were green and purple. It was incredible − a light show by nature. I’ve never seen anything more amazing in my life!

Sadly, we're leaving tomorrow. It went too fast, but I’ll remember this weekend better than any other. It was amazing!

UNIT 4 Legends and Folktales

Track 4.1


Woman: crash

disappear

evidence

mystery

shipwreck

theory

zone


Track 4.2


Man: The Legendary Bermuda Triangle: A Mystery No More

For years, people have believed that an area of the Atlantic Ocean between Bermuda, Puerto Rico and Florida, USA was a dangerous place. They thought planes and boats passing through here were likely to disappear. By 1964, a writer had called the area the ‘Bermuda Triangle’. The name stuck, and so did the mystery.

In 1945, five US Navy planes, called Flight 19, took off from Florida and never came back. After they disappeared into the Bermuda Triangle, theories had begun to spread that the area was a danger zone. Even before this famous flight, several ships had disappeared in these waters. People had many different ideas about why this happened. Some people even believed that a giant octopus was responsible!

However, scientists believe that weather is part of the problem. Unusually shaped clouds above the area create strong winds that go down into the water, creating huge tsunami waves that can take down boats or low-flying planes. And many researchers believe that there’s no mystery at all. Shipwrecks and plane crashes happen all over the world. It just seems to happen more in the Bermuda Triangle because there’s more traffic.

The Bermuda Triangle is also one of the deepest areas of the Atlantic, with some areas being 8 km (5 mi.) deep. So, remains are hard to find, which makes the disappearances seem even more mysterious. In 2011, the Flight 19 planes were found, proving that they didn’t completely disappear. But no matter how much evidence there is that the Bermuda Triangle is no more dangerous than any other part of the ocean, many still believe that you mustn't go there.

Track 4.3


Woman: careful If you're careful, you can swim here.

Honest These people are not telling the truth. They're not being honest.

Foolish It's foolish to go swimming during a storm.

Pleasant Going out on a boat is pleasant on a sunny day, but not in the rain.

Responsible The Captain is responsible for getting this ship to its destination.

Wise It's wise to stay indoors in a hurricane.

Prefixes

dis— disappear, dishonest


im— impatient impossible

ir— irregular, irresponsible

un— unpleasant, unwise

Suffixes

—able doable, believable

—ful careful, useful

—ish childish, foolish

—less careless, harmless

Track 4.4

N: 9 Listen to learn about the Mary Celeste. Then circle the correct words.

Man: What happened to the people aboard the Mary Celeste? This has been a mystery since another sea captain had found the boat in 1872.

At this time, it was common for ships to be lost in the Atlantic Ocean. Some were made of wood, so it was easier for water to enter to sink them. Others were taken down by bad weather and strong winds.

Unlike these other ships, the Mary Celeste hadn't disappeared. When Captain David Morehouse of the Dei Gratia saw the Mary Celeste in the water, he got nearer. He and his first mate, Oliver DeVeau, came on board to discover that although there was some water on the ship, there were only small problems with the Mary Celeste. It was still mostly on the correct route. It was seaworthy, and its cargo was untouched. There was enough food and supplies for six months. The only problem? The people on the ship had disappeared!

Why would crew, including the captain’s family, have left the Mary Celeste? Their belongings, including shoes, a piano … even a half-eaten breakfast had been found on board. The ship was mostly dry. So, what happened to those aboard Mary Celeste? Although researchers have been trying to find out for over 130 years, it may just remain a mystery.

Track 4.5


Woman: fuel

head for

land


legend

navigator

record

take off

Track 4.6


Man: The Mysterious Disappearance of Amelia Earhart

On the morning of 2nd July, 1937, Amelia Earhart was due to land her plane on the tiny island of Howland, in the Pacific Ocean. She never arrived, though. She and her plane simply disappeared.

Amelia was ten when she saw her first plane. She didn’t think it was very exciting. She had said, ‘It was a thing of rusty wire and wood and not at all interesting ...’ Ten years later, however, she was a passenger in a plane for ten minutes, flying over Los Angeles. At that moment, she decided to learn how to fly.

Amelia was a pilot at a time when many women didn’t work, and most people had never been in a plane. By the age of 35, she had already broken one world record. In 1932, she became the first woman to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean. But Amelia had even bigger dreams. She wanted to be the first woman to fly around the world.

In June 1937, she began her flight from Miami, Florida, with her navigator, Fred Noonan. After they had flown across the USA, they went to Brazil. They continued their journey across Africa, Asia and Australia. On 2nd July, they took off from New Guinea and headed for Howland Island, but the plane never arrived. People searched for Earhart and Noonan for weeks, but didn’t find them.

There are several theories about what happened. Some think Fred and Amelia got lost, ran out of fuel, and crashed into the sea. Others think they landed on another island and got stuck there. Some people even think that Amelia had been working as a spy and was captured. One thing is certain: Amelia Earhart will always be a legend.

Guess What! In 2014, another pilot named Amelia Earhart (no relation) made a record-breaking flight: She became the youngest woman to fly 39,000 km (24,300 miles) around the world in a single-engine plane.

Track 4.7


Woman: get a chance Did you get a chance to watch the film?

Get home They got home at 11:00.

Get the impression I get the impression that she was an interesting woman.


Get a job My aunt got a job at the shop.

Get a reply I never got a reply from you.

Get a surprise Henri really got a surprise when his mum gave him a puppy.

Track 4.8

N: 8 Listen to learn about geoglyphs. Then complete the chart.

Man: Have you ever flown in an aeroplane and seen an unusual shape in the fields below? Today we’re going to hear about two places where designs in the earth – called geoglyphs – have been discovered. The most famous geoglyphs in the world are the Nasca lines in the desert of Peru. If you take an aeroplane over the area, you can see different shapes, lines and animals on the ground. They’re really big! Some of the shapes are more than 350 metres long, and straight lines can go on for nearly 50 kilometres. Scientists believe the Nasca lines are very old − maybe even 2,000 years old. The lack of rain and wind in the area keeps them there. How they got there and who put them there is a mystery.

In the mountains of Russia, a large geoglyph has been discovered in the Zyuratkul Mountains. It has the shape of an elk, which is a large animal, like a deer. This animal is 270 metres long, and archaeologists believe it is much older than the Nasca lines, perhaps 6,000 years old. It was discovered in 2011, and archaeologists have found many tools near the site to help explain how the geoglyph was created. There are many theories about who made the geoglyph and why, but nobody knows for sure.

Track 4.9N: 1 Listen and read the folktale from Africa. Think of a good title for the folktale.

Woman: Anansi the spider knew that he was very clever but he also knew he wasn’t wise. He didn’t like this, but he did not know what to do. One day he had an idea. He went around the village with a basket and asked each person to give him some of their wisdom. The people laughed at Anansi because they knew that of all the creatures, he needed wisdom the most. So each person put a bit in his basket and wished him good luck with his search.

Soon his basket was full, but Anansi was worried that someone might be jealous of his wisdom and take it from him. He decided to hide it at the top of a tall tree. When he had tied the basket to the front part of his body, he tried to climb the tree, but it was too difficult. He tried again and again without success. Then his youngest son walked by. ‘What are you doing, father?’ he asked and Anansi told him. ‘Why don’t you carry the basket on your back instead?’ his son said.

Anansi put the basket on his back and climbed the tree easily, but he wasn’t happy. ‘I walked all over the village and collected so much wisdom that I am the wisest creature ever, but my baby son is still wiser than me. Take back your wisdom!’ he said. And he threw the basket into the air and went home. With that, wisdom was spread all over the world.


Track 4.10

N: 3 Listen to a conversation in a bookshop and choose the correct answers.

Woman: Can I help you?

Man: Yes, I’m looking for a birthday present for my granddaughter. Have you got any ideas?

Woman: Well, how old is she?

Man: Eleven. She’ll be twelve in a few days.

Woman: OK, how about a book from the series Amazing Mysteries? Most kids between ten and thirteen love them. We’ve got the newest one if you’re interested.

Man: Yes, I had thought of getting her one of these Amazing Mysteries books, but her mum told me she’s read them all.

Woman: I see. Well if she likes adventure stories, this one might be suitable for her. And it isn’t expensive.

Man: Mmm. It looks interesting. This book’s torn, though. Have you got any others?

Woman: I’m sorry, but that’s the last one.

Man: Mmm. Now this is the kind of book I love! Legends of Ancient Greece.

Woman: But is your granddaughter interested in Ancient Greece?

Man: Probably not. But look at these pictures – they’re beautiful.

Woman: Yes, you’re right, but maybe …

Man: Just a minute. ‘Traditional Japanese Folktales.’ That sounds like a suitable book for her.

Woman: Are you sure? I don’t think it’s very popular with kids these days. They usually prefer more modern stories.

Man: Oh, I’m not worried about that. You see, my granddaughter performs in a puppet troupe. She does shows based on folktales from around the world. They’re really interesting to her. How much is this book?

Woman: Eighteen euros.

Man: OK, I’ll take it. Thank you very much!

Track 4.11

N: Song

Man: On a moonlit night, look into the water.

Do you see the reflection of the Moon?


Or do you see the silver tears

of a princess who left too soon?

A man and his wife had no child of their own.

The wife to Mount Fuji spoke in a sad tone:

‘Please give me a dear child to care for and love!

And I will be thankful, high mountain above.’

As she looked towards the mountain, the wife

called out with glee:

‘Look, dearest husband! A child smiles at me!’

The man climbed to the mountain top, and saw

a butterfly

who showed him the place where a little

child lay.

‘I’m Princess Moonbeam,’ said the little child.

‘I will become your daughter,’ she said, and she

smiled.

For many years, Princess Moonbeam lived with

them,

But one day her dear Moon mother called her

home again.

Princess Moonbeam knew that it was time to go.

But thinking of her parents on Earth made

tears start to flow.

Those tears turned silver and they gave off a

light,

forming in each pond and river on every moonlit

night.

Now on a moonlit night, look into the water.

Is that light the reflection of the Moon?


Or is that silver water the tears

of a princess gone too soon?

UNIT 5 Ambitions

Track 5.1


Woman: ambitious

career

creative

experienced

goal

leader

qualification

Track 5.2


Each spring, school careers officers meet with students to talk about their goals for the future.

They talk about students’ interests, qualifications and what the students will do after finishing school. Next, the careers officer gives students a quiz to learn more about them and their preferences. Here's an example of the type of quiz a careers officer might give.

Man: Quiz: What type of career is best for you?

1 Are you going to want to spend time with people at work?

a Yes, all the time

b Yes, some of the time

c No, I like working alone

2 How important is it to be well paid?

a Ver y important

b Somewhat important

c The least important part of the job


3 How experienced are you with technology?

a Very experienced

b Not very experienced, but willing to learn

c I don’t like working with technology.

4 Are you a leader?

a Yes

b Sometimes, but I also like to learn from others.

c No

5 How creative are you?

a Somewhat creative

b Very creative

c It depends on my interest

Woman: If you got mostly a ’s, you are ambitious and want to make money. But you will want to help others, too. You’re going to spend a lot of time working too. You might be a doctor, for example.

If you got mostly b’s, you will have a career doing something creative. You’re going to be a teacher or a writer, for example.

If you got mostly c’s, you will work with your hands in some way. Maybe you’re going to work with machines, for example. Think about becoming a mechanic or a gardener.

Track 5.3


Woman: application After you fill out the job application, sign and date it.

Boss Her boss let her take three days off.

Course Micah is taking language courses so he can work in China.

Degree Mum has got a degree in medicine.

Diploma When you finish school, they sometimes give you a diploma.

Occupation What is Jillian's occupation? Is she a teacher?

Salary The starting salary for this career is 80,000 € a year.

University After finishing secondary school, I'll go to university to study art.


Track 5.4

N: 10 Listen and complete the adverts.

Boy: I really need to earn some money. I’m going to try to find a part-time job.

Girl: Well, there are some job adverts on this website.

Boy: Let me see. Mmm, here’s one. They want someone to look after a young child one evening a week.

Girl: That sounds good – you like children. And you’re free in the evenings. Which day is it for?

Boy: Fridays.

Girl: Do you need any special skills?

Boy: No, it says they aren’t necessary. There’s one problem, though.

Girl: What?

Boy: They’re looking for a girl!

Girl: That’s not fair! You’re really good with kids. Is there anything else?

Boy: Yes, there’s one here for a gardener.

Girl: That might be suitable for you. You like being outdoors.

Boy: No, that’s no good either. They want someone experienced.

Girl: Well, you know how to cut grass, don’t you?

Boy: Yes, but … just a minute. This one sounds better. They’re looking for people to work on a film.

Girl: Really? As actors?

Boy: No, but it says it’s well-paid and exciting. It says you work behind the scenes.

Girl: That probably means making coffee! What else does it say?

Boy: You don’t pay for meals or transport, so that will save money.

Girl: Let me have a look. Mmm, it sounds interesting. I think I’ll send an application to this email address.

Boy: Hey, wait a minute – I’m the one who’s looking for a job, not you!

Track 5.5


Man: determined

effective

purpose


sensible

substance

tough

Track 5.6


Woman: In 2016, South Africa had a terrible drought. As a result, crops were destroyed and farm animals died. It’s difficult to prevent these losses during a drought, but there’s a solution: a special substance for the soil called a super-absorbent polymer, or SAP. The purpose of an SAP is to help soil absorb water and keep it in the ground. During a drought, the SAPs can slowly let water out to keep the crops alive. However, SAPs have got their own problems. Some have got chemicals which are bad for the environment. Also, they’re very expensive, at $2,000–$3,000 per metric tonne, which makes it tough for many farmers to buy and use them.

South African student Kiara Nirghin understands these problems, and has got a sensible solution. She discovered that orange and avocado peels work well as a natural SAP. She created a powder from these peels that absorbs water and keeps it in the ground, just like any other SAP. But her powder doesn’t add chemicals, and it costs less money because it’s made from orange peels thrown away at juice factories. Kiara’s solution can sell for $30–$60 per metric tonne. And it isn’t just cheaper—it’s more effective! In 2016, sixteen-year-old Kiara won the top prize at the Google Science Fair for this discovery.

Kiara is an ambitious student. For her, the Google Science Fair prize is just the beginning. ‘I might look into health sciences or engineering,’ she says when asked about her goals. ‘Something so I can improve the world.’ In the future, Kiara will probably be working in agriculture sciences, doing work to help farmers. She will also be testing her orange peel SAP for other uses, including improving water quality. Kiara is determined to use science to make a difference.

Guess what! Students between the ages of 13 and 18 can enter the Google Science Fair. The top prize for winning the competition is $50,000 in scholarship money.

Track 5.7


Man: affect The Invention will affect how people water their plants.

Inspire Kiara's mum wants her to inspire other girls to study science.

Knowledge You need a good knowledge of science to understand the problem.

Prepare They're studying biology to prepare for a career as a scientist.

Project We're working on our science project after school this week.


Prove We're doing this experiment to prove our theory.

Track 5.8

N: 9 Listen. Then circle the correct answer.

Gustavo: Hi Sara, how is it going?

Sara: Great! I’m working on my science project. I’m determined to win the science fair this year.

Gustavo: Good for you. What are you working on?

Sara: Well, I’m trying to create a new substance to put on clothing so that it cannot get dirty.

Gustavo: But, aren’t there already substances out there that are effective in doing that?

Sara: Well, there are things that you put on your clothes after you get them dirty. But I’m trying to develop a substance to keep clothes clean in the first place. And I am trying to use all natural materials, so that there aren’t any chemicals.

Gustavo: Good idea. I hate putting chemicals on my clothes and body. So, how is it going?

Sara: Well, it’s pretty tough. So far, I haven’t been able to get the right mix. And my mum isn’t helping. She is worried about how the experiment will affect our clothes. So, this week, I will be collecting old clothes to experiment on. Hey, have you got any old clothes that you don’t need?

Gustavo: Sure, I’ve got some old T-shirts that don’t fit me anymore. I can give them to you.

Sara: Thanks, Gustavo. Hey, what about you? Are you entering the science fair?

Gustavo: I don’t know. My knowledge of science … well, let’s say it’s not the best. I prefer art. It’s more sensible for me to enter the art fair. So, I’ll be preparing for that during the next few weeks.

Sara: What will your project be?

Gustavo: I’m doing a group of miniature sculptures. They’re of the most unusual insects in the natural world. So, at least my project is connected to science!

Sara: It sounds cool! And I think it’s great that our school has contests to support students with different ambitions. I’ll be sure to come to the art fair and look at your sculptures.

Gustavo: Thanks so much, Sara! And I’ll be bringing you my T-shirts tomorrow. I hope to see them at the science fair.

Track 5.9

N: 1 Three teenagers talk about their dreams for the future. Listen and read their responses. What will you have done by the age of 25?


Laura, 15

Laura: I’m about to apply to university for courses in computer science. After university, I’m not going to get a job. I’m going to start my own company and be my own boss! There are so many young people running online companies. I think anyone with an original idea can succeed. By the age of twenty-five, I probably won’t have become a millionaire, but maybe I'll have enough money to buy my own home.

N: Tomás, 17

Tomás: I play the guitar in a band called ‘Nobody’s Heroes’. We’ve played a few times at local music festivals and people say we’ve got talent. By the time I’m twenty-five, I hope we will have become famous Maybe we will have even been on a world tour! My parents are worried that I’m wasting my time and they complain about the noise I make when I’m practising. They hope that I’ll give up music and try to get some qualifications for a career in business or medicine.

N: Chiyo, 16

Chiyo: I'm not interested in being rich or famous, but I really love travelling and photography! First, I want to study for a degree in languages. I’m determined to travel round the world taking amazing photos of people and places. By the time I’m twenty-five, I hope I will have visited lots of interesting places and had some amazing experiences. Who knows? Maybe I will have sold my photos to magazines! Maybe I will have moved to another country!

UNIT 6 Remarkable People

Track 6.1


Woman: adapt

biology

expedition

object

observe

religion

voyage

Track 6.2


Man: People Who Changed the World: Charles Darwin


Charles Darwin was a scientist who changed our understanding of the natural world. He is known as the Father of Modern Biology. Darwin spent all his life observing nature and writing about the species he found.

Darwin was born in England in 1809. He was an ordinary student at school, and did not always get the best marks. He was a good athlete though, and loved exploring nature. He was close to his older brother, Erasmus. The two of them would spend lots of time together, doing chemistry experiments.

Robert Darwin was a doctor and expected his son Charles to become one, too. The younger Darwin started studying medicine at Edinburgh University, but soon realised that it was the wrong career: he couldn't even look at blood without feeling sick! He went on to study religion at Cambridge University instead. There, he focused more on insects than on religion. He became extremely interested in collecting beetles, and his interest in biology grew.

In 1831, at the age of 22, Darwin went on a five-year expedition to South America, Australia and South Africa by ship. His family objected to this voyage, but the things he saw on this journey changed his life. He collected many fossils as well as animal and plant specimens. He spent the rest of his life doing research and writing about what he had seen.

In 1839, Darwin married Emma Wedgwood with whom he had ten children. To him, family life was always more important than his research. In spite of having many health problems throughout his life, Darwin lived to be 73.

Darwin is best known for his theory of Natural Selection, which says that animals adapt over time in order for their species to survive. His most famous book On the Origin of Species came out in 1859. Many people objected to the ideas in this book at the time. But most people can agree that Darwin has helped us better understand many species of plants and animals in our world.

Track 6.3


Woman: athlete

biologist

lawyer

musician

politician

writer


Track 6.4

N: 9 Write the professions in the order that they're described.

Woman: Every day, I go to my office in the town centre to meet with my clients. These people need help, so I defend them. Some of them have made mistakes, but that doesn’t mean that they’re bad people. I feel good every time I win a case for one of my clients. It’s great to be able to help people.

Man: I’m not much of a singer, but I love to play instruments. I play the drums, the guitar and the violin. I play with a group of people. We give concerts in the town centre, and in different concert halls. I love my job!

Woman: I’m working on my third book. The last two have been very popular, so I am creating a series. Most of my readers are between the ages of 13 and 18. Many of them email me their thoughts on my books, and tell me what they think should happen next. Sometimes their ideas are so creative, I use them in my stories.

Man: People think my job is so easy − that I’m just having fun taking part in races. But that’s not true at all. I’ve got to train for hours each day. It’s really important to be fit. I’ve also got to travel around the country a lot. Running is fun, but for me it’s a job.

Man: I work in a field called botany. I study plants and look at how they survive in certain conditions. I’m always surprised to learn how well plants can adapt to their conditions. There are so many plant species: there’s always something new to learn!

Track 6.5


Man: achievement

admire

adopt

appear

extraordinary

medal

Track 6.6


Woman: Simone Biles Tumbles into Success

People around the world admire Simone Biles because she’s an extraordinary athlete. She’s been called the best gymnast of all time. But for Simone, life hasn’t always been easy.


Simone was born in 1997, in Ohio, USA. Her mother was unable to care for Simone and her younger sister, Adria. So, when the girls were very young, their grandparents took them in. They managed to take the girls to Texas, and later adopted them.

Simone discovered gymnastics by accident when an outdoor school trip was changed because of the weather. The class went to a gymnastics centre instead. After seeing Simone practise, the centre’s trainers suggested that she sign up for gymnastics lessons.

Simone met her coach Aimee Boorman two years later. Aimee worked with Simone during some difficult competitions. But Simone and Aimee continued working, training 32 hours a week.

By 2013, their hard work had paid off. Simone went on to win her first World Championship. She won four medals that year: two gold, a silver and a bronze. She won the title again in 2014 and 2015, making her a three-time World Champion gymnast. Simone then headed for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There, she won five medals, four of them gold. In total, by the end of 2016, Simone had earned an amazing nineteen medals, fourteen of them gold.

Today, Simone is more than a gymnast. She has appeared on popular TV programmes. She’s even written a book about her achievements. Simone has also collected clothes, school supplies and toys for children who must move from their parents’ home because their parents cannot care for them. Simone knows how difficult this can be, but she also doesn’t want it to stop children from achieving their goals. To these children she says, ‘It doesn’t matter where you come from. It matters where you’re going.’

“Guess what! Simone’s got her own emoji app, ‘Simoji’, where anyone can download gymnastic emojis.

Track 6.7


Man: give advice Can you give advice on how to relax during a competition?

Give (somebody) an idea Mum can give us an idea of what to cook for dinner.

Give a lift My brother will give me a lift to the gym in his new car.

Give a ring Fede gave me a ring last night and we talked for an hour.

Take advice Bea doesn't know how to take advice from her coach. She doesn't listen!

Take (good) care of Her grandparents take good care of her.

Take (a long) time It takes a long time to prepare a gymnastics routine.

Take part in The team is going to take part in the summer Olympics.

Take a photo She took a photo with the champion.


Track 6.8

N: 9 Listen to the conversation between Jae and Kim. Then write J for Jae or K for Kim.

Jae: Hi Kim. How are you? Why are you giving me a ring so early in the morning?

Kim: Hi Jae. I’m calling you because I need advice. I’m taking part in the gymnastics competition this morning, and I’m really nervous. Can you give me some advice on how to relax?

Jae: Sure! Just close your eyes, and take a few deep breaths. Think of something good as you do this.

Kim: OK, that does help me. I thought of winning the competition.

Jae: Well, OK. But if you’re worried about winning, you might get more nervous. Instead, think about doing your best or having fun – even if you don’t win, you’ll be happy you took part in it, won’t you?

Kim: Yeah, you’re right.

Jae: Make sure you do the deep breaths just before you begin your routine, OK?

Kim: Yes, I will. Thanks! Hey, can you come to watch me at the competition?

Jae: Well, I’m taking care of my little sister now. My mum is shopping. She’ll be back at 10. But then, I think she’s taking my sister to the dentist right away. I don’t know if she’ll have time to bring me to the gym.

Kim: Well, the competition doesn’t start until 11, so we can give you a lift if you need us to. I’ll tell my mum.

Jae: Sounds good! I’d love to come and watch you.

Track 6.9

N: 1 Listen and read about the contest. Then, read the two entries. Who do you think is the more amazing kid? Why?

Man: amazingkids—Calling all kids! The Amazing Kids Organisation wants to know about the cleverest, kindest and most talented children from around the world. Every month, we will be giving a prize to the most amazing kid we see: 1,000€ to help them at university. You can be amazing through your skills or simply by the way you treat other people. We’re looking for people to nominate their friends or family. Just upload a photo of this person doing something amazing, describe this person, and add the hashtag #amazingkidscompetition. Kids must be between the ages of 8 and 18 to take part. We can’t wait to see what amazing things are happening out there!

Girl: sofialoletti—My cousin Gina, who is fourteen years old, got first prize in the ‘Young Cook of the Year’ competition. Hundreds of teenage chefs across Italy took part in that competition, and Gina won! She learnt to cook by observing her father, who’s also a great chef. Now, Gina’s writing her own recipe book for kids. Gina wants her book to be fun to read, but easy enough for children to use. She wants to encourage other children to cook because, as she says, ‘Everyone needs to eat, so it’s a skill that will


always be useful!’ Gina’s food is really amazing, which makes her an amazing kid! #amazingkidscompetition

Boy: coolrunner871—My brother, Brendan, has always loved running. In fact, we used to run together a lot. But three years ago, he was involved in a serious car accident. He lost part of one leg and didn’t even expect to walk again. He wanted to give up, but he didn’t. Now, at only seventeen years old, he’s an athlete who has recently completed a half marathon. He says, ‘I’m happy to be alive and able to continue running.’ His attitude and strength make him an amazing kid! #amazingkidscompetition

Track 6.10N: 3 Listen to two people talking about their children. What are their children interested in at the moment? Write the correct letter next to each name. There is one extra letter.

Man: Hello, Katherine.

Woman: Oh, hi John.

Man: What are you doing here?

Woman: I’m waiting for my son, Finn. I’ve just given him a lift to his piano lesson down the road.

Man: Ah. So how long’s Finn been learning the piano for?

Woman: Oh, he started when he was six. His teacher says he’s got real talent.

Man: Really? My daughter, Nelia, is crazy about horse riding at the moment. She wants to have her own horse now!

Woman: Oh dear! That’ll be expensive.

Man: Mmm, I know. But she’s already taken part in a few competitions and she seems to have a natural talent for riding.

Woman: Well, take my advice and wait for a few more months before you think about buying her a horse. Kids change very quickly, you know. Take my daughter, Sophie, for example. She used to love ice skating and we bought her some very nice skates, and spent a lot of money on lessons, and now she’s not interested in it any more. She prefers painting now.

Man: Painting?

Woman: Yes, she says she wants to be an artist! How’s your son Julian, anyway?

Man: Oh, he’s fine. He’s very shy, and he isn’t interested in sport and outdoor activities, but his teachers say he’s brilliant, especially at English.

Woman: Really?

Man: Yes, we think he’ll probably become a writer. He spends all his time writing poems and stories.

Woman: And are they any good?


Man: I don’t know – he doesn’t let us read them!

Woman: Well, it’s better than playing computer games all day!

Man: Exactly! I’m happy to say none of my children are very interested in computer games – I think Emilia might become a photographer. She’s taken some beautiful pictures of the family – I’ve got one here, look.

Woman: Mmm. It’s very good.

Man: Oh no, look at the time! I’ll have to go now, Katherine.

Woman: OK, take care, John.

Man: Bye.

Track 6.11

N: Song

Woman: What will you be doing?

What will you have done?

How will things be different?

Where will you have gone?

Get creative and prepare.

What you do is up to you!

So set your goals, and try something new!

You might want to study biology, mathematics

or law

You may go on a voyage and write about what

you saw.

If you’re ambitious and you set your goals high,

You’ll be inspired to reach for the sky.

Decide what your purpose is or get your

degree,

And you will surely be something extraordinary!

What will you be doing?


What will you have done?

How will things be different?

Where will you have gone?

Get creative and prepare. What you do is up to

you!

So set your goals, and try something new!

You may want to help others, perhaps as a

mathematician.

You’ll need to be clever, have experience and

ambition.

If you’re hardworking and have got the

right qualifications,

You’ll can help people around you

reach their destinations.

You can make a difference,

inspire everyone you know.

Take my advice, be tough,

and don’t give up, oh, no!

UNIT 7 Body and Mind

Track 7.1


Woman: emotional

energetic

muscle

physical

sense

sore

stress


Track 7.2


Man:

To Control Stress, Come to your Senses!

Tests, homework, fights with friends or parents … there are lots of things that cause us stress. And stress can harm us in physical and emotional ways. Physically, stress can make our bodies tense. We might get stomach aches, headaches or sore muscles. Emotionally, stress can cause anger and sadness. Stress can also make us less energetic.

When we’re too stressed, our bodies and minds simply stop working well. So, it’s important to know how to control stress. One way to do so is by using our five senses. Follow the suggestions below, and you could be feeling better in no time!

Taste

• Have a cup of warm tea or coffee.

• Eat a small piece of chocolate.

• Have your favourite healthy snack, like a piece of fruit or some nuts.

Sight

• Put a vase of flowers on your desk.

• Look at a favourite photo.

• Go to a room that’s painted in a relaxing colour, like blue or green.

Smell

• Go outside and breathe in the fresh air.

• Light a scented candle.

• Visit a nearby garden and smell the flowers.

Sound

• Listen to music that makes you feel good.

• Hum or sing your favourite song.

• Sit near a stream or a fountain, and listen to the sound of the water moving.

Touch

• Put on soft, comfortable clothes.

• Stroke a dog, cat or any other furry animal. Use a stuffed toy if you haven’t got a pet.


• Have a warm bath.

Track 7.3


Woman: breathe It's important to breathe deeply whenever you're stressed.

Comfortable I don't want to get up. I'm so comfortable here on the sofa.

Diet A healthy diet includes lots of fruit and vegetables.

Fit Go to the gym or go for a walk every day if you want to keep fit.

Mind She's going to succeed if she puts her mind to it.

Pain George is in a lot of pain after he fell off his bike.

Tense My body feels tense when I'm nervous.

Track 7.4

N: 9 Listen. Then, tick T for True or F for False.

Bao: Dr Faulkner, I’m here to talk about my stress. I couldn’t sleep for the past few nights because I’m so tense. I don’t know what to do. Can you help me?

Doctor: Of course, I’m able to help. First, do you know why you’re feeling stressed?

Bao: Well, my parents have been travelling recently. I don’t like it when they’re not there. And I’ve been fighting with my older brother a lot. It’s been tense at home. And of course, there’s always school. I’ve changed schools recently, and I haven’t been able to make friends in the new school.

Doctor: I see. OK, well, has the stress affected you physically? Or just emotionally?

Bao: Both. I’ve been having headaches. My body’s been tense, and I’ve had pain in my stomach. And as I said, I couldn’t sleep last night, or the nights before that.

Doctor: OK. Well, it’s important to know how to relax. Let’s try it now. Breathe deeply. When the air comes out, let your stress out with it. Close your eyes, and think of something happy in your mind.

Bao: Taking 3 deep, yoga-style breaths> OK, I’m feeling a bit better.

Doctor: OK. Every time you start to feel nervous or stressed, breathe like that.

Bao: I will.

Doctor: As for making friends, your stress isn’t helping. Try to be calm at school. If you’re nervous, find a quiet place to go where you can relax, like a bench or even just an empty classroom. People don’t want to spend time with somebody who’s always stressed.


Bao: That makes sense. And what about the pain and headaches?

Doctor: Well, first, you need to sleep. Try taking a short walk before bed to clear your mind. Avoid smartphones and other screens at night. Relax your body so you can sleep. And watch your diet. Eat healthy foods, like fruit and vegetables. Stay away from crisps and other junk food. Eating healthily can affect your physical and emotional well-being.

Bao: Thanks for the advice, Dr Faulkner.

Doctor: No problem. I want you to come back in a month so I can see how you’re feeling.

Bao: OK, I will. Thank you!

Track 7.5


Woman: active

anxious

brain

depressed

memory

mood

self-confident

Track 7.6


Man:

Exercise for your Body and your Mind

People between the ages of six and 17 need 60 minutes of exercise each day. Do you get that much exercise? How about changing your daily routine so that you do more? You must know that exercise is good for your body. The physical benefits include making you stronger and more energetic. But there are also many emotional benefits to exercising.

• Exercise improves confidence. When you exercise, you’re doing something good for your body. If you’re getting fit, chances are you’ll feel good about yourself. This makes you happier and more self-confident.

• Exercise helps stop you feeling depressed or anxious. Doing exercise immediately improves your mood. Going for a run or a hike before a difficult task will make you less anxious about it. But, scientists


are learning that exercise is great for people who feel depressed over a long period of time, too. Research shows that people who are less active are 75% more likely to suffer depression.

• Exercise helps you sleep. Studies show that people who exercise fall asleep more easily and wake up less during the night than people who don’t exercise at all. For the best sleep, exercise about 6 hours before going to bed.

• Exercise affects the chemicals in your body. Exercise helps your body produce more of the chemicals that make you feel happy. It also produces chemicals that improve your ability to learn and your memory.

• Exercise affects your mind. Scientists have found that people think most creatively right after exercising. Additionally, researchers discovered that exercise actually helps your brain produce new cells. More brain cells? That can’t be a bad thing!

• Exercising with others is best. Playing on a team or running with a friend is the best way of exercising. You feel like you belong when you're on a team. Being part of a group makes you feel more satisfied.

Guess what! Astronauts living at the international Space Station do exercise for over two hours each day to keep their mood up and their bodies strong.

Track 7.7


Woman: belong Renaldo belongs on our team.

Benefit A benefit of hiking is a clear mind.

Negative Negative feelings can lead to depression.

Positive Active people are happier and have more positive feelings.

Produce Exercise produces good results.

Satisfied Self-confident people often feel satisfied.

Suffer My uncle has suffered from depression.

Track 7.8

N: 9 Listen to four conversations. Write the number of the conversation next to the correct photo. If the photo isn't mentioned, mark an X.

Conversation 1

Trainer: Ok, everyone. I hope you’re ready to get started. Today, we’re going to begin training for the big race. Let’s start by running on the spot now.


Girl: I don’t know how this is supposed to be good for me. It’s only been a few moments and I’m already suffering! This can’t be good!

N: Conversation 2

Doctor: Do you feel okay? Or are you feeling a little depressed lately?

Boy: I feel great. My mood has never been better. I am doing better at school, and I’m feeling much more self-confident. I’ve also made some great friends, so I feel as though I belong.

N: Conversation 3

Mum: What sport do you want to play when school starts? I want to make sure you’re doing something active.

Girl: I’d like to play football. Last year, I went running. It was good for me, but I didn’t meet too many people. I want to belong to a team, so that I can make friends.

Mum: OK, let’s sign up for the school’s football team then.

Girl: Great! I’ll sign up tomorrow.

N: Conversation 4

Sister: If you’re feeling really stressed, you should change your diet.

Brother: But I love eating ice cream. I just can’t give it up.

Sister: Well, look at you! You look really anxious. Healthy food can help with stress. It can improve your mood, too.

Brother: Well, I’m not throwing away this ice cream, if that’s what you think.

Sister: If you’re going to keep eating ice cream, at least be more active then. Junk food and no exercise will have some negative effects on your physical and emotional state!

Track 7.9

N: 1 Listen and read this problem page from a magazine for young people. Match the letters with Aisha's replies. Do you think she gives good advice? Explain.

Aisha: Ask Aisha Have you got a problem? Don't worry! Aisha can help!

N: A

Claire: Dear Aisha,

I need your advice. My best friend recently told me that I should buy new clothes for the gym. She said that my exercise clothes looked terrible, and that I must buy some nicer ones. I think she thought that she was being helpful, but I felt bad when she said that. My gym clothes are old, but they’re comfortable. I don’t care what they look like. And right now, I mustn’t be spending money on gym


clothes—I’ve got other things to spend my money on. Should I let it go, or tell my friend that she hurt my feelings? — Claire, 13

N: B

Lara: Dear Aisha,

Recently, I haven’t been feeling very well. I’m always exhausted. We’ve got exams at school soon and I haven’t got the energy to study. I go to bed early, but sometimes I can’t sleep because I’m so stressed. Please help!— Lara, 14

N: C

Timothy: Dear Aisha,

I’m very upset and I don’t know what to do. My parents are always telling me that I spend too much time online and that I should exercise more. They want to take away my phone. Do you think 4–5 hours a day is too much? The problem is that I really enjoy playing computer games and texting my friends. I don’t really like sports. — Timothy, 12

N: 1

Aisha: I’m afraid your parents might be right. It’s not healthy to spend so many hours online. Why don’t you walk or cycle to school so that you get some extra exercise? This way your parents will see that you’re making an effort to exercise more.

N: 2

Aisha: First of all, you must stop worrying! Try to relax at bedtime by having a warm bath before bed. Think about your diet too. Are you getting enough vitamins? Doing exercise will also make you feel more energetic. You don’t have to run 10 kilometres a day—even walking for 20 minutes three times a week will help.

N: 3

Aisha: Don’t listen to this ‘friend.’ There’s nothing wrong with wearing old clothes to the gym. The most important thing about going to the gym is that you’re doing something positive for your body and mind. It’s not a fashion show, and what you wear isn’t important! You ought to find a best friend that cares about you and not your clothes.

UNIT 8 The Arts

Track 8.1


Woman: abandoned

commuity

dull


mural

permission

public

sophisticated

Track 8.2


Man: People have been creating art since the earliest humans began painting in caves over 40,000 years ago. But for centuries, most art was limited to museums and galleries. Today, more and more art is being created by the people within a community. They aren’t usually paid, and they often aren’t even asked to create the art. Rather, individuals and community groups are deciding that they want to bring their own ideas into public spaces.

In some cities, monuments, bridges or even forms of transport have been ‘yarn bombed’. In this art form, people create colourful wool cloths to cover dull objects, such as pipes and park benches. Yarn bombing adds a warm feeling to the cold, hard objects found in cities.

People also beautify urban areas by making gardens in abandoned areas. Some ‘guerilla gardeners’ just plant flowers, while others think it’s best to plant crops for food. Guerilla gardening began in the UK in 2004, and is now happening in cities around the world. Guerilla gardeners don’t own the land they work on, but they often take care of it as though they do.

Yarn bombers and guerrilla gardeners don’t always ask permission to create their art. As a result, some people in the community get angry. The same is true for graffiti artists. Many people don’t like it when people paint on walls without asking. But, as graffiti became more sophisticated over the years, more and more people began to see it as art, not just as damage. Some building owners were inspired to invite artists to create colourful murals on and around their buildings. These designs add interest and often tell the story of the people who live in the community. Like yarn bombing and guerrilla gardening, street art aims to make cities more colourful, enjoyable places to live.

Track 8.3


Woman: copy This is a copy of a famous painting.

Exhibition There's an exhibition of Japanese art at the museum this month.

Graffiti There's graffiti underneath that bridge, and people want it to be cleaned off.

Landscape The landscape painting showed the fields of Southern Italy.

Original Is this work an original or a copy?


Portrait There's a portrait of the president hanging in the hallway.

Scene The scene in this picture is of a busy street, full of people.

Track 8.4

N: 9 Listen to Emma and Levi talking about art and tick the correct boxes.

Emma: That’s a nice poster. Where did you get it?

Levi: It’s from a photography exhibition they had in the town centre last week.

Emma: Really? I love black and white photos. I think I prefer them to colour ones.

Levi: Me too. That one’s got an interesting mood, hasn’t it?

Emma: Yes. Who was it taken by?

Levi: Someone called Lionel Paul. I think he lives near here, actually.

Emma: It sounds like a good exhibition.

Levi: Yes, it was. I usually find art exhibitions really dull because I don’t like going to art galleries, but this was out in the street. It was a very lively scene, with music and lots of people looking at the photos. It was really fun!

Emma: I bet. I can’t believe you don’t like art galleries, though. I think they’re great places – so quiet and relaxing. I love looking at pictures.

Levi: What kind of pictures do you like, then?

Emma: Most things, really, but I love nineteenth-century art. My favourite painter is Van Gogh. His paintings of nature are fantastic.

Levi: Actually, I’m not a big fan of landscape paintings. I prefer more modern art.

Emma: Really? My problem with a lot of modern art is that I can’t understand what it’s about.

Levi: But that’s the great thing! Different people can see different things in the same painting.

Emma: Well, I like things to be clear. A tree should look like a tree, in my opinion!

Levi: What about graffiti? I bet you hate that.

Emma: Yes, I do – but what’s graffiti got to do with art?

Levi: Everything! Some graffiti artists are very talented, you know. Some amazing things are drawn by them.

Emma: I’m sorry, Levi, but there’s graffiti everywhere in the city centre and it doesn’t look like art to me …


Track 8.5


Man: donate

motivate

opportunity

proud

resident

resource

run out (of)

Track 8.6


Woman:

Recycled Rhythms

Cateura, Paraguay, isn’t an ordinary community. It’s next to a landfill where, every day, more than 1.3 million kilograms of rubbish get dumped. Cateura doesn’t have much to offer its residents, and there’s very little opportunity for the children who live here.

Favio Chávez wanted to change that. Chávez, who moved there to work as an engineer, wanted to bring music to the community’s children. He began giving lessons with donated instruments. So many children were interested that he quickly ran out. So, he decided to use the neighbourhood’s only resource to create new ones: rubbish. Violins were made from cans, wooden spoons and forks. Cellos were made from large oil drums. Trumpets and saxophones were made from bottle tops and old pipes. Everything came from the landfill. And so, the Recycled Orchestra was born. The orchestra’s first concert was held for the proud parents of its members. But word spread about these talented musicians. Soon, they performed around Paraguay, and later, they travelled to Brazil for a concert. Before long, their music was being played around the world.

The orchestra has changed some members’ lives. Says violinist Ada Rios, ‘When I play the violin I feel like I am somewhere else. I feel transported to a beautiful place.’ Rios now teaches other children how to play, and she hopes to be a professional violin teacher when she’s an adult.

Chávez doesn’t think that music is the answer to all the problems facing Cateura’s young people. But he knows that the music lets children experience something extraordinary. It’s motivating them to imagine life beyond Cateura. It’s also teaching them life skills to achieve their goals: responsibility, hard work and creativity. There’s a saying that ‘One person’s rubbish is another’s treasure’, and the Recycled Orchestra proves that it’s true.


Guess what! In 2015, a documentary called Landfill Harmonic was made about the Recycled Orchestra. It won awards at many different film festivals.

Track 8.7


Man: cello The cello is a large instrument that makes a low sound.

Compose Peter composed three new songs last month.

Instrument Do you play a musical instrument?

Orchestra There are 180 students in the orchestra.

Perform These songs will be performed at the concert next week.

Saxophone The saxophone is an instrument played in many jazz songs.

Tune Whenever Grandpa is happy, he always hums a tune.

Violin The violin is smaller than the cello, and it makes a higher sound.

Track 8.8

N: 9 Listen to the conversation. Then circle the correct answers.

Mr Tabler: Yessenia, is the orchestra ready to perform? Remember, our concert will be performed next Saturday.

Yessenia: Well, Mr Tabler, I’m ready. I’ve been practising every day, and I know the pieces very well.

Mr Tabler: I’m sure you’re ready. But you’re the leader of the whole group, so you need to make sure everyone is ready. Have you been practising the piece you composed with the rest of the orchestra?

Yessenia: Yes, I have. I think that the violin section is ready. We know our part well.

Mr Tabler: And what about the other instruments?

Yessenia: Well, the cellos are OK. So are the flutes. The drum section needs more work. I told them that the tune must be played more slowly. And the trumpets just don’t know their part. I hope they’ve been practising.

Mr Tabler: Have they been told what the problem is?

Yessenia: Well, I’m not sure how to explain it. You know me, Mr Tabler. I’m a violinist, not a trumpet player. It’s difficult for me to help them.

Mr Tabler: I understand − I don’t play the trumpet, either. I’ll send Mr Wilcox over to help them. That’s his instrument. I’m sure he can help.


Yessenia: So, can we practise again as a whole orchestra before we perform?

Mr Tabler: Yes, let’s do that. Tell everyone to come to the school from four o’clock to six o’clock on Friday afternoon. We’ll make sure it’s just right before the concert.

Yessenia: OK, I’ll let them know. Thanks, Mr Tabler.

Track 8.9

N: 1 Listen and read the interview with a costume designer. Why do you think her work is important? Is it art? Why or why not?

Interviewer: Today, we’re here with famous costume designer Kiki Maretto. Thank you for talking to Arts Magazine, Kiki.

Kiki: Thank you for inviting me.

Interviewer: How did you begin your career in costume design?

Kiki: Well, my first costumes were designed for a school play. Later, I began doing plays at a small local theatre. About 10 years ago, a film studio called me, and that’s when I started working in film.

Interviewer: You’ve done some great films, including several historical films. How do you design costumes for these films?

Kiki: Well, I do lots of research. I look for old photographs. I also find old articles from newspapers and fashion magazines of the time. Every detail matters when you want to represent a certain period.

Interviewer: Do you always find old clothes to use as costumes?

Kiki: When we can, we use the clothing people wore at that time, after we repair it, of course. Normally, I create the costumes, though.

Interviewer: What is the process?

Kiki: After researching, I draw and plan. I meet with the film’s director and the actors to talk about their costumes. Then, I work on finding the materials to make them. Once I have everything, I get my team together, and we begin to sew.

Interviewer: Have you got a lot of people on your team?

Kiki: For a large film, I usually work with about 50 people.

Interviewer: What’s your favourite thing about working on films?

Kiki: I really enjoy meeting the actors. It’s very exciting.

Interviewer: I bet it is. And what is most difficult?

Kiki: Knowing where everything is. There are so many pieces, and when the director calls for something, it must be there right away.


Interviewer: Interesting! Thanks again for your time, Kiki.

Kiki: My pleasure.

Track 8.10

N: 3 Listen to Mr Sosa talking to some pupils about the school play. Tick T for True or F for False.

Mr Sosa: Right, everyone, as you know, the school play is in two weeks’ time. So I just want to check what’s ready and what still has to be done. Let’s start with the actors! There were a few problems last week – lots of people were forgetting their lines. Has everyone learnt them now?

Students: Yes, Mr Sosa.

Mr Sosa: Are you sure? Greta, how about you? You’ve got the main role.

Greta: Yes, I’ve been practising them all week.

Mr Sosa: Great, no problems there then, I hope. What about the costumes. Katrina, your mum’s making them, isn’t she? Are they ready yet?

Katrina: Er, not all of them. Mum says they’ll be finished by Friday.

Mr Sosa: OK, as long as it’s no later than Friday. That will give us time to make sure they fit. Now, the posters. Georg, have they been put up yet?

Georg: Not yet.

Mr Sosa: Have they been made?

Georg: Yes, they’ve just been finished and I’ve got one here. It’s come out really well.

Mr Sosa: Mmm, it looks great! I must ask Mr Marston in the art department to thank his pupils for making those. They must be put up in the next few days, OK? The other thing we had a problem with was the music. The girl who was going to play the piano can’t do it now. Has anyone else been found?

Greta: Yes sir, I’ve found a girl. Her name’s Rana and she’s in class 5F.

Mr Sosa: Well done, Greta. I’ll speak to her. Now, lastly, the tickets. How many have been sold?

Katrina: All of them, sir. There are none left!

Mr Sosa: Really? That’s fantastic! Congratulations everyone! OK then …

Track 8.11

N: Song

Man: When you’re anxious or depressed

What do you do to fight off stress?


You can try deep breathing or walking by

the sea.

But listening to music has always worked for me.

When I’m feeling lots of pain and suffering,

I put on my earphones and just start listening.

Hip-hop, jazz, pop, rock or classical;

It doesn’t matter so long as it’s musical.

Music makes me happy. It eases my mind.

And if you listen, too, I think that you’ll find

Your negative thoughts will leave you,

and your mood will improve.

So put on your favourite tune

and get in the groove.

Music, music, music makes us happy.

Music, music, music gives us energy.

Music, music, music takes away anxiety.

So let’s listen to music, you and me!

Yes, let’s listen to music, you and me!

UNIT 9 Extreme Sports

Track 9.1


Woman: get the hang of

harness

instructor

lean

risk

simply

slip


Track 9.2


Q & A : Getting Off the Ground

Sports Monthly interviewed 17 year-old extreme athlete Maxim Avilov. We learnt that Maxim just can't seem to keep his feet on the ground!

Sports Monthly: What extreme sports do you do?

Maxim: I prefer to be either in the air or in the water. So, I do skydiving, climbing, abseiling, kayaking and scuba diving.

Sports Monthly: Wow! That’s a lot! When did you start doing them?

Maxim: I began climbing and abseiling at the age of eight. I started with an instructor who motivated me to climb higher. I quickly got the hang of moving up and down. I decided to go even higher, and began skydiving. I became interested in water sports later.

Sports Monthly: How do you stay safe at all doing these sports?

Maxim: Well, it’s all about the equipment. If you don’t have the right equipment, you’ll probably get hurt. For climbing, you need a harness, gloves, a good rope, climbing shoes and a helmet. For kayaking, you need a helmet and a good lifejacket. For scuba diving, you need a quality wetsuit, flippers and goggles. And you can’t dive unless you’ve got oxygen for breathing.

Sports Monthly: So, is safety just about equipment? Or is it more than that?

Maxim: It's more than that. People think extreme athletes simply take risks without thinking. But that’s not true at all. For example, when I’m getting ready to go climbing, I’ve got to plan and move carefully. If I lean too far or slip on something, I can really get hurt.

Sports Monthly: Why do you do such risky sports?

Maxim: I love the adventure. Extreme sports are very exciting.

Sports Monthly: Have you got any advice for future extreme athletes?

Maxim: Always work with an instructor. Take your time and THINK! Extreme sports need extreme planning.

Track 9.3


Woman: flippers

gloves

goggles


lifejacket

parachute

wetsuit

Track 9.4

N: 9 Listen to the conversation about an activity holiday. Tick T for True or F for False.

Guide: OK, welcome, everyone! We’ve got a lot planned for the next three days. There will be an early start Friday morning − that’s tomorrow − because we’re going cycling. Mountain bikes and helmets can be rented from the shop next door. So we’ll leave here at 8 o’clock and cycle to Connelly Lake, where we’ll have a picnic lunch. In the afternoon, if the weather’s good − and I mean if it’s windy enough − our windsurfing instructor will take you out on the lake for a two-hour lesson.

Woman: Excuse me, should we wear wetsuits?

Guide: Yes, because it gets very cold out on the water. Again, these can be rented.

Woman: OK. Thank you.

Guide: Then it’s dinner at the hotel and you’ll probably want an early night after all that exercise! On Saturday morning, we’ll start a bit later and there’s been a change to the original programme. Unfortunately, there isn’t much snow on the mountains at the moment. So, we won’t be able to go skiing. Instead, we’ve arranged a hike in the mountains. If you don’t want to go hiking, you’ll be able to stay at the hotel and just relax by the swimming pool.

Man: What about Saturday afternoon? Are we still going diving?

Guide: No, that’s been changed to Sunday morning now. There will be a party at the hotel on Saturday night. Then, on Sunday morning, there will be a scuba diving trip to Bleaker Island.

Woman: Will there be a diving instructor for people like me who’ve never been diving before?

Guide: Yes, of course. Most of you are beginners, I think. And don’t worry about safety – we don’t take any risks with any of the activities we offer. That’s probably why we’ve never had any accidents so far. And we’ve been offering activity holidays for over ten years now. Well, I think that’s everything. So has anyone got any more questions?

Track 9.5


Man: cliff

edge

fear


strength

timing

tradition

wave

Track 9.6


Woman: Living on the Edge

If you went to Acapulco, Mexico, you would want to visit La Quebrada. Here, you can see the famous La Quebrada Cliff Divers, one of Acapulco’s biggest tourist attractions. Every day, these professional divers go down the side of a steep cliff until they get to the edge. There, they pause before diving into the waves below. There are four or five dives each day, even in the dark, when divers hold torches of fire.

For years, local people had been diving from these cliffs for fun. In 1934, a hotel owner blasted some of the rocks to create a bigger space for the divers. This allowed tourists to watch them from the hotel. By 1949, they formed the official organisation of La Quebrada Cliff Divers. Over the years, the Cliff Divers became famous, bringing tourists from around the world. In 1968, the first International Championship of Cliff Diving took place here. By the 1970s, there were enough people cliff diving that it was considered one of the first extreme sports.

What’s extraordinary about the La Quebrada Cliff Divers is how skilled they are. They don’t just dive off the cliff: their timing must be right. Depending on the tide, the water can be 2–5 m (6–16 ft.) deep. Most of the time, they’re diving 24–40 m (80–135 ft.) into water that’s under 4 m (13 ft.) deep.

It takes physical and emotional strength to make it into the group. Not only must divers be well-trained, they must also be able to deal with fear. Boys who want to be divers start spending time at the cliffs as early as ten years old, diving from the lower cliffs or even just doing errands for the team members. Why do they want to be on the team? They know that if they were on the team, they would have excitement while also carrying on an important tradition of Acapulco.

Guess what! Swiss-Brazilian diver Laso Schaller broke a world record in 2015 when he jumped off a cliff at the Cascada del Salto in Maggia, Switzerland. He jumped 59 m (193 ft.), and fell into the water at a speed of 123 kph (76 mph).

Track 9.7


Man: aim By training every day, their aim is to make it onto the team.

Beat Did the gymnast beat the old record?


Challenge Climbing this steep cliff without the right shoes will be a challenge.

Deal with There are many ways to deal with stress and anxiety.

Score The diver hopes to get a perfect score in the competition.

Surf In Hawaii, tourists come to surf the waves.

Track 9.8

N: 9 Listen and choose the correct answers.

Presenter: Hello and welcome to the programme ‘Extreme Sports’, and here with me in the studio are Julia Peralta, the Olympic swimming champion …

<Julia> Hello.

Presenter: And Dmitri Rodis, who’s just written a book about his experiences as a climber.

Dmitri: Hi.

Presenter: Let’s start with you, Dmitri. Why do people do extreme sports?

Dmitri: Because they like the challenge. If you don’t have challenges, life gets very dull.

Presenter: True, but I don’t understand why some people enjoy risking their lives, simply to have fun.

Dmitri: Actually, I don’t think they really focus on the danger. They enjoy doing something that not many other people have done.

Julia: Yes, I agree. Extreme sports are a test of physical and emotional strength.

Dmitri: Yes. It’s true. Normally, we think of athletes as having physical strength, but extreme athletes must also be able to deal with anything that comes their way.

Presenter: Mmm, you’re right. And it also seems that new sports are being invented all the time, like kite surfing. That takes creativity, doesn’t it?

Julia: It does. People are trying all sorts of new sports. Have you heard of volcano boarding? It’s a new sport where you slide down the side of a volcano.

Presenter: Really? Well if I tried that, I’d probably end up in the hospital! Wouldn’t you have to be very, very fit to do this sport?

Julia: Yes, of course.

Presenter: What worries me is that anyone can try these activities, even if they aren’t strong enough.

Julia: Mmm, you’re right about that. If fewer inexperienced people tried these sports, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.


Dmitri: Another reason accidents happen is that unfortunately many people who organise these sports don’t always follow all the health and safety rules. The equipment that you can rent isn’t always as good as it should be.

Presenter: So if you want to try an extreme sport, what should you do?

Julia: Well, make sure that there is a properly qualified instructor with you at all times. And, of course, don’t take unnecessary risks.

Presenter: Well, we’re running out of time now, so thanks to both.

Track 9.9

N: 1 Listen and read about two very unusual sports. Which would you rather try? Why?

Man:

Cheese Rolling

If you’re ever in the town of Brockworth, England, at the end of May, you’ll have the chance to watch a very strange sport. Cheese rolling has been a tradition there since the 1800s. Someone pushes a large, round piece of cheese down a very steep hill and the competitors chase after it, trying to catch it. If nobody catches it, the person who reaches the bottom of the hill first gets the wheel of cheese! It sounds simple, but lots of people fall and get hurt. One racer said, ‘If I hadn’t run the race, I wouldn’t have believed how steep the hill is!’

In 2017, 29-year-old competitor Chris Anderson matched the record for most cheeses won. The problem? He doesn’t like the cheese. He says it tastes too strong. But that doesn’t stop him from wanting to come back and break the record.

Extreme Ironing

Phil Shaw first did extreme ironing after coming home to find a pile of clothes that needed ironing. He took them outside to iron in the garden. Then, he decided that ironing wasn’t so dull if done in the right place. His first extreme event was ironing on a cliff! He’s also done extreme ironing in a kayak, at the top of a tree and even skiing down the Alps.

The sport became popular and people did creative things to participate. One person even ironed underwater! No matter how ‘extreme’ the sport gets, participants must remember the reason they’re there: to get the wrinkles out of their clothes. In competition, the appearance of the newly ironed clothes is part of the score.

And as if extreme ironing weren’t unusual enough, its participants are required to take nicknames! Phil goes by the name of ‘Steam’ when he irons, and his wife, who is also an extreme ironer, is known as ‘Starch’.


UNIT 10 Under the Sea

Track 10.1


Man: coral reef

ecosystem

endangered

keep track of

marine

shell

specialise

Track 10.2


Girl: 18 April 2018

Dear Diary,

Let’s be honest. Most days, school can be pretty dull. But today’s careers fair was incredible. If only every school day were so exciting! There were people with cool jobs: a pilot, a profession al footballer … Of course, everyone was in a queue to speak with the footballer. But not me. I spent my time talking to Dr Janine LeBlanc, a marine biologist. I loved her stories so much. I wish I had spent the entire afternoon talking to her.

Dr LeBlanc showed me photos of her underwater expeditions and told me all about her work. She studied science, and then went on to specialise in marine biology. In her job, she gets to travel around the world, swimming in the coral reefs where sea turtles live. She’s working to protect the endangered hawksbill turtle, which has lost a lot of its population in recent years. I couldn’t believe it when she told me these reptiles have been living in the seas for 100 million years! They’re really important for the ocean’s ecosystem. But people are hunting them for their eggs, their meat and their shells. Dr LeBlanc wishes people understood how important these animals are in maintaining a healthy ocean.

Dr LeBlanc’s work sounds difficult, but our talk made me want to study marine biology. I wish I were old enough to go to college now! It would be so exciting to dive all the time. Of course, Dr Leblanc works in an office, too. She told me that she puts special devices on the turtles to keep track of their activity. Then, she watches their movement on her computer and analyses the impact that human activity has on them.


Talking to Dr LeBlanc inspired me to study marine biology. And she told me that I don’t have to travel to be a marine biologist. I could work right here in the local aquarium. But I would prefer to travel and see the world underwater!

Track 10.3


Man: analyse How can we analyse their behaviour?

Device I've got a device to keep track of my goals.

Habitat Coral reefs are a habitat for many species.

Impact Humans can have a negative impact on the sea.

Maintain It's easy to maintain a healthy diet.

Track 10.4

N: 9 Listen. Tick the true statements.

Erik: Hey, Elsa. What are you reading?

Elsa: Hi, Erik. I’m reading an article about dolphins.

Erik: I love dolphins. Every time I go to the sea, we watch the dolphins jumping in the water.

Elsa: Yes, I’ve seen that. It’s pretty cool. But I’m reading about a different kind of dolphin.

Erik: What do you mean? I didn’t know there were different kinds of dolphins.

Elsa: Of course there are! There are around 40 species of dolphin.

Erik: Really? Wow! I had no idea. I wish I read more, like you. So, which one are you reading about?

Elsa: I’m reading about the Amazon River dolphin. It lives in fresh water.

Erik: Is that true? I always thought dolphins lived in the sea. Is there any difference between the Amazon River dolphin and the dolphins in the sea?

Elsa: Well, there’s one really big difference, actually. They’re a different colour. Can you guess which one it is?

Erik: They’re not grey? Well, I guess they’re probably brown then.

Elsa: No, actually, they’re pink!

Erik: I don’t believe you. Really?

Elsa: Here, look at this photo on my phone.


Erik: That’s amazing. I’ve never seen a pink dolphin. I wish my little sister were here. She loves dolphins, and the colour pink. I’ll show her a photo when I get home. What else are you learning about them?

Elsa: Well, they’re really great swimmers. And unlike the dolphins in the sea, these dolphins prefer to be alone. They don’t usually spend time in groups. And the most interesting thing I’ve read is …

Erik: You mean there’s something more interesting than the fact they’re PINK?

Elsa: Well, yeah. Have you ever been embarrassed and your face has turned red?

Erik: If only I could say no, but yes, of course I have.

Elsa: Well, the same thing happens to the river dolphins. When they’re excited or anxious, they can turn bright red.

Erik: That’s amazing. They’re not endangered, are they?

Elsa: No, but there are other river dolphin species in Asia that are endangered. And scientists are analysing the Amazon River dolphins. They want to maintain the population. More and more people are building in the Amazon, and that could pollute the waters and harm them. But for now, they’re OK.

Track 10.5


Man: artefact

fort

goods

harbour

pirate

sink

steal

Track 10.6


Woman: The Sunken City of Port Royal

When the British arrived in Jamaica in 1654, they quickly realised how the island could benefit their empire. So, they captured it from the Spanish and built a fort there. Within the walls of this fort was the town of Port Royal. Now that it was protected, the town grew quickly. In fact, Port Royal’s population jumped from 740 residents in 1662 to nearly 10,000 in 1692. It became a centre for trade in the


Caribbean and the second largest city of the New World, after Boston, USA. Large ships easily came and went from the harbour, bringing in and taking out many different goods.

Although it had become one of the richest towns in the world, Port Royal had its problems. The town’s location attracted pirates, who had England’s permission to board Spanish and Dutch ships and steal their goods. Because many of these Port Royal residents didn’t quite know how to behave themselves, the town earned the title of the world’s ‘Wickedest City’.

Around lunchtime on 7 June 1692, a large earthquake and tsunami struck Jamaica. Of Port Royal’s 20 hectares (51 acres) of land, 13 (33 acres) of them were taken underwater by the tsunami. Two thirds of this city built on sand sank immediately, taking 2,000 people with it. The disaster was so horrible that some people wondered if it were the punishment for the crime and wrongdoing of its residents.

Over the years, underwater archaeologists explored the ruins of Port Royal. They could identify streets, forts and remains of homes and public buildings. They also found many artefacts, including a watch stopped at 11:43, the approximate time of the earthquake. Today, divers need permission to enter the ruins of Port Royal, but anyone can see the city’s artefacts in museums around Jamaica, including one in Port Royal. Yes, Port Royal is still a town, but nothing like it was in 1692. It’s simply a quiet fishing village with an amazing history.

Guess what! Port Royal has been featured in the Pirates of the Caribbean films.

Track 10.7


Man: capture The marine police captured the pirates.

Disaster Hurricanes and tsunamis are two types of natural disaster.

Horrible It's horrible that all of these houses were destroyed in the storm.

Punishment What's the punishment for stealing?

Trade The two countries trade many types of goods.

Track 10.8

N: 9 Listen. Circle the correct answer.

Woman: On 30 July 1715, a hurricane struck and sank a fleet of eleven Spanish ships. The ships had been travelling off the coast of Florida, USA. They were carrying gold, silver and other expensive goods from the New World back to Spain. One thousand people died in the disaster, and twenty per cent of the treasure sank.

Three hundred years later, divers were exploring the ocean floor near to the site of the shipwreck. Much to their surprise, the sunken treasure from years earlier had revealed itself:


a gold coin was visible on top of the sand. The divers analysed the area more closely, and made a huge discovery. From the Capitana, the fleet’s most important ship, the divers discovered 52 gold coins, 40 feet of gold chain and 110 silver coins and buttons. The total worth of this treasure was over a million US dollars. ‘We had to pinch ourselves,’ said one diver. ‘When we go underwater, we usually just find empty cans and rubbish. We couldn’t believe it!’

The treasure was split three ways; between the two families of the divers who discovered it and the state of Florida. The state will have the artefacts analysed and put important pieces into a museum. The divers are very pleased with themselves for this incredible find!

Track 10.9

N: 1 Listen and read about some very bizarre creatures found under the sea. Which is your favourite? Why?

Man: Bizarre Creatures from the Deep Sea

It’s tough to choose the most unusual creatures living deep under the sea. There are so many interesting animals, from vampire squid to sea pens. Curious yet? You can always go online to learn about these amazing animals. In the meantime, here are three of the sea floor’s stranger creatures we’d like you to meet.

Yeti Crab

There are several species of kiwa—or yeti—crab living in the deepest parts of the southern Pacific Ocean and in the area near Antarctica. These crabs live in complete darkness at around 2,600 m (8,500 ft.) below the surface. But lack of light is not a problem for this species—it’s blind!

Though yeti crabs live near warm water sources, females go into the colder waters to lay eggs. It’s a good thing they’ve got fur to keep them warm! Yes, you read that right. Similar to the character it’s named after—Yeti, or the Abominable Snowman— the yeti crab has got fluffy, white fur covering its claws and legs. What’s more amazing is that these furry claws attract bacteria that the crab then collects and eats. In other words, it farms its own food right on its body. What a way to feed yourself!

Red-lipped Batfish

The red-lipped batfish lives on the ocean floor near the Galápagos Islands. This fish’s bright red lips make it look as though it’s wearing lipstick. But that’s not the only strange thing about it. Another is that it’s not a very good swimmer. In fact, it uses its fins as feet, and walks on them across the ocean floor. The batfish also has an unusual horn on its head that it uses to attract prey to its mouth— like a built-in fishing rod!

Blobfish

The blobfish was named the 'world’s ugliest animal’ at one point, but that’s not a very fair title. You see, the blobfish loses its shape when it’s out of water because it hasn’t got a muscular system. But when the


fish is in its habitat, a high-pressure area off the coast of Australia that’s 600–1,200 m (2,000–4,000 ft.) deep, the water keeps it in shape. At home, the blobfish looks more like any other fish.

Track 10.10

N: 3 Listen to the descriptions of the animals in the photos. Write the number next to the correct photo.

1

Woman: When scientists aboard the Nautilus saw this brightly coloured creature with big eyes, they may have thought somebody dropped their toy. But what they were actually looking at was the Rossia pacifica, a small squid-like creature that lives in the northern Pacific Ocean at a depth of 300 metres.

N: 2

Woman: The clown frogfish has an amazing skill – it can change its appearance for protection. It’s not the only animal that can do this, of course, but it’s a little more difficult to hide when you’re living in a colourful coral reef. But the clown frogfish hides in the brightly coloured corals with little problem. When it’s hungry, the frogfish can make both its mouth and stomach bigger − up to double the normal size − to make room for its meal.

N: 3

Woman: The sea cucumber is an amazing creature. It has got a long, cylinder shape, just like a cucumber. This animal feeds off many microscopic organisms in the water, and can even eat waste, which is useful in polluted waters. Sea cucumbers can grow to be up to two metres long. Some have spines, while others are smooth. What’s strangest about sea cucumbers is that their body can get rid of its internal organs if necessary, and then they’re able to grow new ones themselves.

N: 4

Woman: The giant hatchetfish isn’t exactly giant. In fact, it’s only around 10 centimetres long. But this fish, found in oceans around the world, has a special ability: It can produce light on its stomach. When the light shines down into the water, it confuses predators. This works to protect the hatchetfish, and it looks pretty cool, too!

Track 10.11

N: Song

Man: Today’s a great day for an adventure.

Let’s take a risk, and try something new.

In the air, on the ground or under the sea:

We’ll have a great adventure, you and me!

If you want to learn something, we’ll go cave


exploring.

Grab your harness and your torch. We’ll take a

walk around

and look for artefacts lying about on the

ground.

Bats and bears we might see,

but that won’t bother me.

There’s no doubt about it: it won’t be boring!

Today’s a great day for an adventure.

Let’s take a risk, and try something new.

In the air, on the ground or under the sea:

We’ll have a great adventure, you and me!

If you want to see bizarre creatures, come

under the sea.

Grab your goggles and your flippers. We’ll take

a deep dive down

to find incredible creatures that never make a

sound.

Dolphins and sharks we might see,

but that won’t bother me.

There’s no doubt about it: we’ll make

discoveries!

We’ll have a great adventure, me and you!

Oh, yes, we’ll have a great adventure, me and you!

UNIT 11 Communication

Track 11.1


Woman: Communicate


joke

on purpose

poem

publish

suggest

text message

Track 11.2


Man:

From Emoticon to Emoji

When you send a text message, do you use emojis to communicate? If you’re happy, angry, or, sad, you probably show it with an emoji. Emojis are everywhere—on our clothes, in our houses … there’s even been a film about emojis! So, where did they come from?

To understand the history of emojis, we must first look at emoticons. What’s the difference? Emoticons, images made from symbols that you type, came first. An emoji—from Japanese e = picture, moji = character—is a picture that shows emotion. Emojis are built into phone keyboards, apps and social media sites.

Let’s start with emoticons. If you think that emoticons started with the rise of the Internet and email, think again! We can’t be sure, but some believe that the first emoticon was used in a line from this poem, written in 1648.

Tumble me down, and I will sit Upon my ruins, (smiling yet:)

Can you see the colon before the closing bracket? Did the poet use a smiling face when he talked about smiling yet? Maybe, though not everyone agrees. Some English professors have said that people didn’t always focus on correct punctuation long ago. They say the smile was simply a mistake.

More than 200 years later, in 1881, a popular magazine published the faces below out of punctuation marks. This is the first clear example of emoticons being used on purpose.

In 1982, computer science professor Scott Fahlman suggested that people use a smiley face. He said that people needed to show they were joking when typing messages. This was because many people had believed a message posted about a fake emergency. With Fahlman’s idea, the modern emoticon was born!

In the mid-1990s, the Japanese mobile phone company Docomo added a heart symbol to its devices, and young people loved them. The company noticed how popular the symbol was, and asked designer


Shigetaka Kurita to create more. By 1999, Kurita had created a group of 176 emojis. Around 2010, emojis were added to mobile phone keyboards worldwide … and the rest is history!

Track 11.3


Woman: abbreviation The abbreviation for doctor is Dr.

Character About 900 characters can fit into a single text message.

Punctuation Don't forget to check for correct punctuation in your work.

Symbol The heart is a symbol of love.

Type I can't type very well on this small keyboard.

Track 11.4

N: 9 Listen and complete the sentences with the words in brackets.

Hugo: Hi Mum. What are you doing?

Mum: Well, I just got a new phone. I’m trying to learn how to use it.

Hugo: I see. What are you trying to do?

Mum: I’m looking at the messaging app. I want to turn on the auto correct. I make too many mistakes when I’m typing.

Hugo: I can help, mum. Look, you hit the ‘settings’ icon. Then, turn this on. See?

Mum: Oh, OK, great. Here, I will send you a message.

Hugo: OK, mum. Um, mum. You are taking a long time to type.

Mum: Mmm. OK, did you get it?

Hugo: Yes, but mum! You’ve still made a spelling mistake. Dinner has got two ‘n’s’, not one. You wrote diner in your message.

Mum: Really? Ugh! OK, well I’ll try this.

Hugo: OK, mum. Nice job using emojis. A pizza emoji and a chicken emoji? I guess I’ll have chicken for dinner!

Mum: OK. This is too hard! Let’s just talk from now on, OK?

Hugo: Yes! I’ll save my text messages for my friends.


Track 11.5


Man: command

complex

express oneself

identify

indicate

signal

whistle

Track 11.6


Woman:

Dolphin Speak

Dolphins are intelligent animals. Only humans have larger brains in relation to their bodies. For years, people have asked if dolphins had their own language. If you consider ‘language’ as simply a communication system, then yes, they do. But, so do dogs, birds, bees … in fact, all living things communicate in some way. However, dolphin communication seems to be more complex than, say, a dog’s barking. If we define ‘language’ as a system of specific words with a grammar—like English—then the question becomes more difficult to answer.

Like humans, dolphins use senses to express themselves. For example, they shake their head and blow bubbles as signals of anger. They also imitate the body language of other dolphins, which shows a close relationship. Dolphins use touch to communicate feelings, too. A little bite on the fin of another dolphin indicates playfulness. Or a dolphin might swim up against another dolphin just to show affection.

It’s vocal communication that interests most people, though. A dolphin’s whistles, clicks and pops all seem to have meaning. Many researchers believe each dolphin uses its own unique whistle to identify itself and to call others, like using a name. Dolphins whistle in social situations, showing they’re happy or excited. They might also use this whistle when they’re worried or lost. Families of dolphins use certain unique sounds that they teach to new dolphins in their group. Researchers can tell which group a dolphin belongs to just by hearing these sounds. Dolphins also communicate with fast clicks, saying they feel aggressive or excited. Dolphins can communicate with humans, as well. They not only respond to commands, but they can also tell humans what they want. For example, they can express a preference for which toy they want to play with when given a choice.


There’s still a lot to learn, but current research suggests that dolphins haven’t exactly got a language. They can’t communicate about the past and future, for example. They also don’t have grammar. So, we can’t call it language, but we can call it a really fascinating communication system!

Guess what! Researchers have taught dolphins to ‘read‛. They showed a symbol and trained the dolphin to respond to it. Weeks later, dolphins were shown the same symbol. They created the same response without the trainer’s help, just by looking at the symbol!

Track 11.7


Man: affection Mum hugs me often to show affection.

Aggressive Those animals are being aggressive. I worry they'll fight.

Imitate Dolphins show they're in a group by imitating one another's behaviour.

Relationship Our pets get on well and have a good relationship with one another.

Unique The dolphin has got unique sounds that it uses to identify itself.

Track 11.8

N: 9 Listen. Tick the correct boxes. Man: Dogs often enjoy being with humans, and they have found ways to communicate with them. They bark, growl and wag their tails to show emotions. Because of this skill, people have found ways for dogs to have different jobs.

Jack, for example, is a beagle, a kind of dog with a very good sense of smell. Jack has been trained to do a very important job. He works at an airport and his job is to check luggage and mail to make sure they don’t contain fruit or vegetables from other countries or anything that could be dangerous. His powerful nose makes him much better at finding these things than a human would be. When he finds something, he communicates by barking.

Piko is another working dog. She is taken to visit children who are seriously ill in hospital. She was specially chosen to work with children because of her gentle and friendly personality. Her owner says, ‘It’s amazing, but Piko seems to understand each child’s emotions like another human being.’ The children love playing with her. Spending time with a dog like Piko helps them feel much better.

Rex is a dog who helps people in a different way. He must have very special skills because he’s a guide dog for someone who can’t see. Rex’s training started when he was a puppy and took several months. Now it is his job to help his human partner, Eva, to cross busy roads, get on and off buses and avoid any dangers that she can’t see. Rex must know when to listen to Eva and when not to. If Eva tells Rex to cross the road, for example, and there’s traffic, Rex must wait.


Rex also must be very calm and know how to behave himself in places such as shops and restaurants where most dogs aren’t allowed to go.

Track 11.9

N: 1 Listen and read the comparisons about smartphones and spending time face-to-face. How often do you interact with your friends in person? On the phone? Which do you prefer?

Woman: Talking or Texting: How should we spend our time?

These days, most teenagers have got a smartphone. But do they like using them more than talking to their friends in person? We interviewed hundreds of teens, and the answers were mixed.

On a Smartphone

Pros

Claude: Communicating with my friends on my

smartphone is awesome. I can text them whenever I

want. If I’m feeling happy, excited … whatever … I can

share that emotion right away.

Sophie: It’s so convenient to text or send instant

messages and photos on my phone. It’s especially

useful if I’m shopping. For example, today my mum

sent me to the shop to buy her yogurt. I took a picture

to show her all the different varieties. Then she picked

just what she wanted.

Woman: Cons

Ahmed: For me, the problem is money. My parents

pay for the cheapest plan. So, last month, I sent

too many texts, and used too much data. Now I’ve

got to pay my parents for the extra charges. For

me, spending time with my friends in person is less

expensive!


Bea: When I text, my friends never understand

what I’m trying to say. It takes too long to

explain myself. And often, my friends don’t respond

straight away. All that work and no answer? That’s frustrating!

Woman: In person

Pros

Farrah: I really prefer to spend time talking with my friends

in person. It’s so much more meaningful than just texting.

When my sister got a new job, I was so excited for her. I

hugged her and held her hands. That type of real

connection just doesn’t take place in a text, no matter how

many emojis you use.

Gil: Being face-to-face is so much better than texting.

First, I hate typing on these little phone screens. And I can

never really tell what my friends are thinking in texts.

Communication is about much more than words. A lot can

be lost in a text.

Woman: Cons

Jillian: I really do prefer communicating in person, but

the truth is that everyone is busy. Outside school, it can

be hard to make plans to get together in person. With a

phone, I can stay connected all the time.

Max: When I’m in trouble, it’s horrible to be there in person. My mum’s anger is much easier to handle when I’m reading it in a text message!

UNIT 12 Money

Track 12.1


Man: allowance


appreciate

chore

hand

earn

receive

value

Track 12.2


Woman: Who does the chores at your house? Your mum? Your dad? You? Even if your parents have the house cleaned or the meals delivered by someone else, chances are there are still plenty of things you can do to help at home. But does that mean you deserve to be paid? That’s up for debate. Some parents give an allowance every week, even if children don’t do chores. Here are some arguments for and against a weekly allowance.

For

Receiving an allowance helps children understand the

value of money.

• Children who have their own money become better at

planning, spending and saving. These are skills that will

help them as adults.

• With their own money, children can make careful

decisions about what to spend it on. As one expert says,

‘Children will never spend their own money the way

they spend their parents’ money!’

• Receiving an allowance for doing chores helps children

recognise the importance of hard work. They’ll

appreciate money more if they’ve worked for it than if it

was just handed to them.


Against

Adults don’t receive money for doing housework, so

children shouldn’t either. They should simply do their

share at home.

• An allowance makes children feel like they’re helping

parents out instead of taking responsibility for their

lives. If they’re sleeping in the bed, they shouldn’t get

paid for making it.

• An allowance suggests that housework is something

that children don’t need to do. If they don’t need

money, they don’t have to do chores. If they do extra

housework, they might try to bargain for more.

• Studies show that children who receive an allowance

when they don’t do any chores are less able to manage

their money as adults. In the long run, an allowance

only benefits a child who earns it.

Track 12.3


Man: bargain Lara wanted to bargain with the salesperson to lower the price.

Budget Mum and Dad are budgeting for the new car's payment.

Deserve Brianne deserves to win the competition—she was the best.

Independent Greta is an independent thinker who makes her own decisions.

Manage Do you know how to manage your money?

Reward Feeling satisfied with a job well done can be a good reward.

Track 12.4

N: 9 Listen to an interview and choose the correct answers.


Presenter: Now on the subject of money, my guest on today’s programme is David Rodriguez, who at the age of twenty-one is already a millionaire! Welcome to the programme, David.

David: Thanks, Gillian.

Presenter: Now, David, you own a video game app company and you’ve already earned quite a bit of money. How did it all start?

David: Well, my friends and I used to play a lot of video games and I thought some of them weren’t that good. So, one day I just sat down and designed my own gaming app.

Presenter: How old were you then?

David: Sixteen. Anyway, when I showed the game to my friends, they thought it was great and they all wanted a copy.

Presenter: And then you designed some more games.

David: That’s right. The problem was getting them to other people. That’s when I decided to set up my own app company.

Presenter: Did anyone help you?

David: Yes, my dad. He’s the owner of a small business, and he gave me lots of help. I also borrowed some money from him.

Presenter: And has your life changed in other ways because of your success?

David: Well, I don’t live in a big house and have everything done for me, if that’s what you mean. I still live at home with my mum and dad and the thing I’ve spent my money on is a sports car. I’m saving the rest for now.

Presenter: Has money made you a happier person?

David: No, I don’t think money can make you happy. Other things make you happy, like spending time with family and friends. Having a lot of money makes life easier in some ways, but it can also be quite stressful.

Presenter: What do you want to tell other young people who want to be successful?

David: Believe in yourself and don’t listen when people tell you that you can’t do something. You can!

Presenter: Good advice, David! Thanks very much for talking to me today.

David: Thank you! It’s been a pleasure.

Track 12.5


Woman: access


cattle

exchange

extra

international

standard

wheat

Track 12.6


Man: The History of Money

Have you got any money? Look closely at it. It’s just paper or metal, isn’t it?

So why is it so important? Let’s look at the history of money so that we can

understand it better.

9000–6000 BCE

Woman: Before money existed, bartering took place. Under this system, a person gave his extra goods to another person in order to get what he needed. Items like cattle and wheat were often exchanged under the barter system.

Man: 1200 BCE

Woman: Cowrie shells were first used as money in China and India. These shells were used as money into the twentieth century, making them the longest-used currency in history.

Man: 1100 BCE

Woman: Small metal coins were first used in China. These early coins were shaped like weapons, such as spears or knives.

Man: 600 BCE

Woman: The first official standard currency was used in the kingdom of Lydia, in modern-day Turkey. These coins allowed international trade to take place across the Mediterranean.


Man: 600–900 CE

Woman: The Chinese first used paper money. Despite the fact that paper money was easier to make than metal coins, it was not successful.

Man: 1661 CE

Woman: Although explorer Marco Polo told Europeans about the paper money in China after his voyage in 1200 CE, Europeans kept using coins until Sweden printed the first paper bank notes in Europe in 1661.

Man: 1950 CE

Woman: The Diner’s Club card was introduced in the ed States in order to let people pay more easily when travelling or eating at restaurants. Although businesses had been using small, plastic cards for payment since the 1920s, the Diner’s Club card was the first credit card used by ordinary people.

Man: 1967 CE

Woman: The first cashpoint was used in London, allowing people to access their money without queuing up at the bank.

Man: Today

Woman: Money has taken many forms. Credit cards are popular, as is buying things on a smartphone. You can wear devices in order to pay for things. Bitcoin, a digital currency not connected to any specific country, is another way to pay. In spite of this technology, cash, and even bartering, are still common ways people get what they need.

Guess what! Paper money is often very dirty, sometimes carrying more germs than a toilet! Viruses and bacteria can live more than eight times longer on paper money than on most other surfaces.

Track 12.7


Man: cash My grandparents only pay cash for things, so they don't shop online.

Coin Terry collects coins from around the world.

Credit card Most people use a credit card to buy something on the Internet.


Currency We need to exchange our money for the local currency.

Note Liam had a ten-euro note in his wallet.

Track 12.8

N: 9 Listen. Then, write the correct name next to each sentence.

Antonio: I do lots of chores around the house in order to earn money. I work in the garden, take out the rubbish and clean the bathroom. I also help my mum cook dinner every night. My parents give me an allowance in cash every week. I keep what I need for the week, and put the extra in the bank. I’ve managed to save more than 1,000 euros in the last two years!

Carmen: My mum and I love to go shopping. We go shopping every week, and always look for the newest fashions. We like to bargain with people at the shops so that we get good prices. I don’t think we spend too much money, but don’t tell Dad that! He wants us to stop shopping so much and find other ways to spend our time.

Petra: I have lots of money − sort of. You see, I collect old coins and bank notes. I’ve got currencies from all over the world. The most valuable note in my collection is over 200 years old. Whenever I get my allowance, I go to the collector’s shop and buy a coin or note to add to my collection. It can be expensive, but the longer I keep my collection, the greater its value. Although I don’t have lots of standard currency, I have something that I value even more.

Raj: My parents give me an allowance every week, which is great! What’s better is that I only have to do one chore to earn it − take care of my brother after school. That’s super easy because he’s eight years old and likes to play video games and read, and that’s it! I don’t even really talk to him much. So, it’s easy money, and I take it right to the shopping centre. I like to buy expensive shoes and new electronics. I don’t need to worry about saving because I know my parents will give me cash whenever I need it. If I want more, I always bargain with them, and they give it to me.

Track 12.9

N: 1 Listen and read the advice on how to have fun without spending money. What are your favourite free activities?

Woman: No Money? No Problem!

Let’s face it—money isn’t always easy to come by, especially when you haven’t got a job and your parents don’t give you an allowance. And at the weekends, you might want to shop, eat at a restaurant or see a film. That all adds up! But no money doesn’t mean no fun! Here’s a list of some of our favourite ideas for ‘free time’!

Look for free community events Go out to libraries and cafés, and look at the noticeboards there. You might see a sign for a free concert in the park or a poetry reading. Your library or community centre might offer free activities, such as language lessons or film nights. Bring your friends and try something new!


• Play a sport Assuming you’ve got enough money to pay for a phone, use it to text your friends. Arrange to meet them at a local football field, and star t playing. You’ll have fun—and get exercise— without taking a single coin from your pocket.

• Go star-gazing No money for a film night? No problem! Nature puts on an even better show. Find a quiet space outdoors, spread a blanket on the ground and look up at the night sky. Use apps to help you find stars and constellations. Add music to make it more enjoyable.

• Host a game night Find your favourite board games, and invite a friend (or two or three) over. Play tournaments of three games, and make your own prizes for the winner.

• Make a film If you haven’t got money to go to a film, just make one! Write a script. (Hint: This is more fun if several friends are involved.) Find old clothes and household items to use as costumes and props. (Ask your mum and dad first, of course.) Practise, and then film it with a phone or tablet. When the film’s ready, host a viewing party!

• Volunteer Get a group of friends together and volunteer. You’ll feel great and you’ll have a great time doing it. Look for opportunities in your community. Pick up litter, clean at an animal shelter or visit a home for the elderly. Helping out can make others happy, and what’s more fun than that?

Track 12.10

N: 3 Listen to the radio announcement for a free event. Then, complete the advert.

Man: Ladies and gentlemen, be sure to join us this weekend in the town square for a summer celebration of music. The activities will be going on all day, beginning at 11 o’clock in the morning. Local bands will be playing on the main stage all day, but there will also be entertainment for the whole family. Musicians from our local symphony orchestra will be in the main tent, showing their instruments to children from 11:00 to 1:00. Bring your kids and your questions, and they’ll be happy to answer them! From 1:00-2:00, our local animal shelter, Animal Keepers, will have some pets on display for people to visit. Come by to see these beautiful animals and talk to the volunteers about which pet is right for you. From 3:00 – 4:00, there will be a quiz show competition, where winners can earn a grand prize of one thousand euros! And there will be fireworks at 9:30, after the last concert ends. All the events are free and open to the public. The only thing you’d need money for is food, but picnic baskets are welcome, too. However, food from neighbourhood restaurants will be served all day long along the south side of the park. The festival is this Saturday, 11 August, in the town square. Remember – it starts at 11 and goes on into the evening. Come early and get the best seats in front of the stage! We’ll see you there!


Track 12.11

N: Song

Woman: There are lots of things we must do each and every day.

Technology makes life easy, but it’s not the only way!

We can quickly complete our tasks online or with a phone.

But we must also go out and be together, not just stay at home alone.

Let’s say you’re going to the bank to deposit all your money.

The employee who is working there tells you a joke that’s funny.

You laugh and talk and spend some time, but your trip isn’t so quick.

You could’ve done the very same thing on your phone with just a click.

But it’s good to come together, not just stay at home alone.

Communicate with others − in person, not just with your phone!

Communication is important for bringing us together.

Meeting and talking to others can be a real adventure.

Let’s say you’ve worked really hard and got a big reward.

You call you best friend, and ask her, ‘Have you heard?’

She says she’s happy for you, but you can’t believe what’s next.

She asks if you couldn’t have just said that in a text.

Yes, it’s good to come together, not just stay at home alone.

Communicate with others in person, not just with your phone.

Typing words into a text message sometimes has its place.

But it’s best to share good news and excitement face to face!

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