Ключевые слова: проектная деятельность, проектные творческие

работы, «лимерики о нашей школе»

Внедрение проектных форм деятельности на уроках английского языка

на примере творческой работы на тему «лимерики о нашей школе»

Согласно государственной программе «Столичное образование» на 2012-

2016 гг. одним из основных направлений развития научно-исследовательской

и инновационной деятельности в школе является «развитие проектных форм

деятельности учащихся и педагогов» [1].

Применение при изучении английского языка такого эффективного

механизма противодействия формирования механического мышления, как

проектные работы способствует развитию творческого потенциала ребята.

Особенно важно не забывать об этом в наши дни, в условиях всеобщей

компьютеризации, проникающей во все сферы жизнедеятельности человека.

Актуальность такого подхода становится особенно очевидна, когда учащиеся

в качестве выполненной работы, приносят переводы с использованием

компьтерных программ.

Еще выдающийся педагог советской эпохи Василий Александрович

Сухомлинский заметил, что «без творчества немыслимо познание человеком

своих сил, способностей, наклонностей; невозможно утверждение

самоуважения, чуткого отношения личности к моральному влиянию

коллектива». [2]

В своей работе мы широко используем этот вид деятельности, как на уроках,

так и во время проведения внеклассных мероприятий. Результатом

использования такого методологического подхода, как «проектные

творческие работы» является повышение интереса учащихся к изучению

английского языка и рост успеваемости.

Тематика данного проекта была выбрана в связи с празднованием

двадцатилетия со дня основания школы, с учетом учебной ситуации для

последующего углубления знаний по теме.

Паспорт проекта:

Тема проекта: лимерики о нашей школе.

Предмет: английский язык.

Класс: VI.

Количество учащихся: 15.

Возраст:12-13 лет.

Время работы над проектом: сентябрь-ноябрь.

Формы работы: урочно-внеурочная.

Цели проекта:

-образовательная - расширение кругозора учащихся в области английской

литературы;

-практическая - приобщение к проектной деятельности, закрепление

лексических навыков по теме, совершенствование грамматических и речевых

навыков, развитие умения написания лимериков;

- воспитательная - развитие личности, формирование способности работать

в группе и самостоятельно, развитие навыков сотрудничества и

взаимопомощи, привитие любви к английской литературе, повышение

мотивации учащихся;

- развивающая - развитие мышления, воображения, интеллектуальных и

творческих способноcтей учащихся.

Техническое обеспечение проекта: персональный компьютер с доступом в

Internet, аудио-, видеосистемы, проектор, экран.

Работа над проектом

Организационный этап

Перед началом работы над проектом были выданы темы для

предварительного исследования, в результате изучения которых ребята

должны написать лимерики о своей школе.

Темы:

- What is a limerick?

- Edward Lear’s limericks;

- limericks, anti-limericks and chastushkas.

Выбрав темы своего исследования, учащиеся разделились на группы,

определили задачи и спланировали свою работу.

Роль учителя-направляющая на основе мотиваций.

Поисковый и иследовательский этапы

Учащиеся собирали, изучали и анализировали информацию по теме

«лимерики» из различных источников (журналы, книги, Internet).

Защита исследовательской части проектной работы в классе

Ребята поделились друг с другом результатами своих изысканий, получили

более глубокие знания по теме, обобщили полученные сведения. Для

наглядности каждый доклад сопровождался компьютерной презентацией.

Работы учащихся представлены далее.

Group A (What is a limerick?)

A limerick is a five-line poem with a strict form (AABBA), which intends to be

witty or humorous, and is sometimes obscene with humorous intent.

It may have its roots in the 18th century Maigue Poets of Ireland however there are

examples of such verse in English dating back to Anglo-Saxon times. It was

popularized in English by Edward Lear in the 19th century.

The following example of a limerick is of anonymous origin.

The limerick packs laughs anatomical

In space that is quite economical,

But the good ones I've seen

So seldom are clean,

And the clean ones so seldom are comical.

The origin of the actual name limerick for this type of poem is obscure. Its usage

was first documented in England in 1898 (New English Dictionary) and in

America in 1902. It is generally taken to be a reference to the County of Limerick

in Ireland particularly the Maigue Poets, and may derive from an earlier form of

nonsense verse parlour game that traditionally included a refrain that ended "Come

all the way up to Limerick?"

The standard form of a limerick is a stanza of five lines, with the first, second

and fifth usually having eight or nine syllables and rhyming with one another, and

the third and fourth usually having five or six syllables, and rhyming separately.

Lines are usually written in the anapaestic meter, but can also be amphibrachic.

An anapaest, anapæst, or anapest, also called antidactylus, is a metrical foot

used in formal poetry. In classical quantitative meters it consists of two short

syllables followed by a long one (as in a-na-paest); in accentual stress meters it

consists of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable.

amphibrach (noun) - a metrical foot consisting of a long syllable between two

short syllables in quantitative verse or of a stressed syllable between two

unstressed syllables in accentual verse

Very often different meters are used in one limerick.

The first line traditionally introduces a person and a place, with the place appearing

at the end of the first line and establishing the rhyme scheme for the second and

fifth lines. In early limericks, the last line was often essentially a repeat of the first

line, although this is no longer customary.

Within the genre, ordinary speech stress is often distorted in the first line, and may

be regarded as a feature of the form: "There was a young man from the coast;"

"There once was a girl from Detroit…" Legman takes this as a convention

whereby prosody is violated simultaneously with propriety. Exploitation of

geographical names, especially exotic ones, is also common, and has been seen as

invoking memories of geography lessons in order to subvert the decorum taught in

the schoolroom; Legman finds that the exchange of limericks is almost exclusive

to comparatively well-educated males, women figuring in limericks almost

exclusively as "villains or victims". The most prized limericks incorporate a kind

of twist, which may be revealed in the final line or lie in the way the rhymes are

often intentionally tortured, or both. Many limericks show some form of internal

rhyme, alliteration or assonance, or some element of word play.

Verses in limerick form are sometimes combined with a refrain to form a limerick

song, a traditional humorous drinking song often with obscene verses.[3]

Group B (Edward Lear’s limericks)

Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an English artist, illustrator,

author, and poet, renowned today primarily for his literary nonsense, in poetry and

prose, and especially his limericks, a form that he popularised.

Gershon Legman, who compiled the largest and most scholarly anthology, held

that the true limerick as a folk form is always obscene, and cites similar opinions

by Arnold Bennett and George Bernard Shaw,[2] describing the clean limerick as a

periodic fad and object of magazine contests, rarely rising above mediocrity. From

a folkloric point of view, the form is essentially transgressive; violation of taboo is

part of its function.

In 1846 Lear published A Book of Nonsense, a volume of limericks that went

through three editions and helped popularize the form. In 1865 The History of the

Seven Families of the Lake Pipple-Popple was published, and in 1867 his most

famous piece of nonsense, The Owl and the Pussycat, which he wrote for the

children of his patron Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby. Many other works

followed.

Lear's nonsense books were quite popular during his lifetime, but a rumour

circulated that "Edward Lear" was merely a pseudonym, and the books' true author

was the man to whom Lear had dedicated the works, his patron the Earl of Derby.

Supporters of this humour offered as evidence the facts that both men were named

Edward, and that "Lear" is an anagram of "Earl".

Lear's nonsense works are distinguished by a facility of verbal invention and a

poet's delight in the sounds of words, both real and imaginary. A stuffed rhinoceros

becomes a "diaphanous doorscraper". A "blue Boss-Woss" plunges into "a

perpendicular, spicular, orbicular, quadrangular, circular depth of soft mud". His

heroes are Quangle-Wangles, Pobbles, and Jumblies. His most famous piece of

verbal invention, a "runcible spoon" occurs in the closing lines of The Owl and the

Pussycat, and is now found in many English dictionaries:

  They dined on mince, and slices of quince

    Which they ate with a runcible spoon;

  And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand,

    They danced by the light of the moon,

      The moon,

      The moon,

  They danced by the light of the moon.

Though famous for his neologisms, Lear employed a number of other devices in

his works in order to defy reader expectations. For example, "Cold Are The

Crabs", adheres to the sonnet tradition until the dramatically foreshortened last

line.

Limericks are invariably typeset as four plus one lines today, but Lear's limericks

were published in a variety of formats. It appears that Lear wrote them in

manuscript in as many lines as there was room for beneath the picture. In the first

three editions most are typeset as, respectively, two, five, and three lines. The

cover of one edition bears an entire limerick typeset in two lines:

  There was an Old Derry down Derry, who loved to see little folks merry;

  So he made them a book, and with laughter they shook at the fun of that Derry

down Derry.

In Lear's limericks the first and last lines usually end with the same word rather

than rhyming. For the most part they are truly nonsensical and devoid of any punch

line or point. They are completely free of the off-colour humour with which the

verse form is now associated. A typical thematic element is the presence of a

callous and critical "they". An example of a typical Lear limerick:

  There was an Old Man of Aôsta,

  Who possessed a large Cow, but he lost her;

  But they said, 'Don't you see,

  she has rushed up a tree?

  You invidious Old Man of Aôsta!'

Lear's self-portrait in verse, How Pleasant to know Mr. Lear, closes with this

stanza, a reference to his own mortality:

  He reads but he cannot speak Spanish,

    He cannot abide ginger-beer;

  Ere the days of his pilgrimage vanish,

    How pleasant to know Mr. Lear!

Five of Lear's limericks from the Book of Nonsense, in the 1946 Italian translation

by Carlo Izzo, were set to music for choir a cappella by Goffredo Petrassi, in 1952.

[4]

Group C (limericks, anti-limericks and chastushkas)

There are some other types of limericks: anti-limericks and Russian chastushkas.

There is a sub-genre of poems that take the twist and apply it to the limerick itself.

These are sometimes called anti-limericks.

The following example, of unknown origin, subverts the structure of the true

limerick by changing the number of syllables in the lines.

There was a young man from Japan

Whose limericks never would scan.

When asked why this was,

He replied "It's because

I always try to fit as many syllables into the last line as ever possibly I can."

Other anti-limericks follow the meter of a limerick but deliberately break the

rhyme scheme, like the following example, attributed to W.S. Gilbert, in a parody

of a limerick by Lear.

There was an old man of St. Bees,

Who was stung in the arm by a wasp;

When they asked, "Does it hurt?"

He replied, "No, it doesn't,

But I thought all the while 't was a Hornet."

[5]

Chastushka is a type of English limerick in Russian culture. Chastushka or

chastooshka (Russian: часту́шка), a type of traditional Russian poetry, is a single

quatrain in trochaic tetrameter with an abab, abcb or (less frequently) aabb rhyme

scheme. ( English limerick has a strict form aabba and only 5 lines).Usually

humorous, satirical, or ironic in nature, chastushkas are often put to music as well,

usually with balalaika or accordion accompaniment. The rigid, short structure (and,

to a lesser degree, the type of humor used) parallels limericks in British culture.

The name originates from the Russian word части́ть, to speak fast.

Chastuskas cover a very wide spectrum of topics, from lewd jokes to political

satire. Sometimes several chastushkas occur in sequence to form a song. In fact, in

Russian, this type of song is referred to as just the plural часту́шки, i.e.

chastushkas. After each chastuska, there is a full musical refrain without lyrics to

give the listeners a chance to laugh without missing the next one. Originally

chastushkas were a form of folk entertainment, not intended to be performed on

stage. Often they are sung in turns by a group of people. Sometimes they are used

as a medium for a back-and-forth mocking contest. Improvisation is highly valued

during chastuska singing.

The last foot of a chastushka line is often a single stressed syllable rather than a

full trochee, but no other structural variations are generally allowed. Due in part to

this rigid structure, the tune used to sing them is standardized, but varies among

different regions of Russia. A popular example is the tune of Яросла́вские ребя́та

(Yaroslavskie Rebyata, The Yaroslavl Guys), the signature tune of the folkloric

vocal band by that name. In fact, the Yaroslavl region has been famous for its

chastushkas since long ago.[6]

Творческий этап

Данный этап предполагает выполнение учащимися следующих видов работ:

-сочинение лимериков о школе (работа осуществляется в заранее

сформированных группах);

-иллюстрация лимериков, написанных другими ребятами (ребята слушают

стихи друг друга, пытаются понять их содержание, а затем

проиллюстрировать их);

-подбор музыки (ребята создают песню из своих лимериков);

-создание компьютерной презентации.

Предъявление творческого проекта и его продукта

В данной разделе представлены лимерики и иллюстрации, созданные

учащимися нашей школы.

There is a wonderful school “Kollarge”,

It is rather nice and not very large.

Pupils draw, dance and sing

And have no time to think

In this wonderful school “Kollarge”.

Our teachers are very friendly,

If we don’t do our homework badly.

But if we don’t study well,

Wait for the ring of the bell,

Our teachers look at us rather sadly.

There is a boy his name is Paul,

He likes very much to play football;

When he at school appears,

All the windows disappear,

As he breaks them with his ball.

There was a girl in our class,

Who was not very good in Math;

When she added 2 and 4,

She said it was 24,

And she thought it couldn’t be less.

There is a boy he is not fool,

He is always late for school;

Once when he came,

He was in pain,

Because everybody had already left the

school.

There is a girl her name is Pol,

Who doesn’t know English at all.

Her teacher asked her, “Why

Do you at the lesson cry?”

She answered bravely, “My name is

Pol”.

Защита данного проекта состоялась на концерте, посвященном

двадцатилетнему юбилею школы. Ребята представили литературно-

музыкальную композицию, созданную из их лимериков. Иллюстрации,

созданные учащимися проецировались на большой экран. Особый интерес

представляет то, что в качестве музыкального сопровождения была выбрана

русская народная песня «Барыня». Таким образом ребятам в своей работе

удалось интегрировать русское народное творчество с английским (лимерики

и частушки), а также совместить исследовательский проект с творческим.

Список использованных источников:

1. http://www.educom.ru/ru/documents/target_grant/razrab/prog_m_new.pdf

2. http://letter.com.ua/aphorism/creativity1.php

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_(poetry)

4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lear

5. http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/l/Limerick_%2528poetry%2529.htm

6. http://maps.thefullwiki.org/Chastushka