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WEBINAR: Essential Principles of Power Part 3: Measuring Motor Performance - Using Power Analyzers and Oscilloscopes Thank you for joining us. We will begin at 3:00pm CET.

NOTE: This presentation includes Q&A. We will be taking questions during the presentation with answers at the end using the questions section of your control panel.

March 3, 2016 1

LeCroy founded in 1964 by Walter LeCroy Origins are high speed digitizers for particle physics

research Teledyne LeCroy corporate headquarters is located in

Chestnut Ridge, NY Teledyne LeCroy has the most advanced technology

and widest line of Real-Time digital oscilloscopes (from 40 MHz to 100 GHz)

Long History of Innovation in Digital Oscilloscopes Teledyne LeCroy became the world leader in

protocol analysis with the purchase of CATC and Catalyst, and creating a protocol analyzer division based in Santa Clara, CA.

In August 2012, LeCroy was acquired by Teledyne Technologies and was renamed Teledyne LeCroy

Teledyne LeCroy Overview

March 3, 2016 2

About the Presenter

1. Product Manager with Teledyne LeCroy

for over 15 years

2. B.S., Electrical Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

3. Awarded three U.S. patents for in the field of simultaneous physical layer and protocol analysis Ken Johnson

Director of Marketing, Product Architect Teledyne LeCroy [email protected]

March 3, 2016 3

Essential Principles of Power Part 3 Measuring Motor Performance - Using Power Analyzers and Oscilloscopes

March 3, 2016 4

Agenda

Defining “Power” “Power” Overview Solution Comparisons Case Studies

480 V, 3-phase, 1.5 hp AC Induction Motor Drive Performance Evaluation Brushless DC Battery-powered Motor Drive Evaluation Sine-Modulated Motor Drive and Control Interaction Testing Vehicle Propulsion Motor Investigation Harmonics Calculation Option Power Semiconductor Device Analysis

Questions & Answers

March 3, 2016 5

Defining “Power” See the elephant

March 3, 2016 6

Defining “Power” Can Be Like Blind Men Describing an Elephant…

Engineers can mean many different things when they say “power”

In the next three slides, we’ll define our “power” focus for this presentation…

March 3, 2016 7

“Power” Definitions These are just a few of them… Utility, Grid, Household, Line, Power Line, Mains “Power”

This is the 50/60 Hz sinusoidal voltage/current power flowing to your home or business, measured by a kWh meter

Power Semiconductor Device “Power” This is the power consumed by the power semiconductor MOSFET or IGBT device during switching,

conduction, or OFF states

Digital Power Management “Power” This is the ON/OFF voltage management of the DC power supply rails on a motherboard or embedded

computing system

Power Supply Startup Sequencing “Power” This is the management of the ramp times and sequences of different DC power supply rails on a

motherboard or embedded computing system

Power Electronics Inverter/Converter “Power” Testing This is the measurement of a complex mix of line (50/60 Hz) frequency input, variable frequency output,

DC and control/sensor signals for debug, troubleshooting and validation purposes

Power Analyzer “Power Analysis” This is the measurement of the Watts or Volt-Amperes that a product (“system”) consumes and/or the

efficiency of power consumption for the product March 3, 2016 8

“Line” V, I, and Power Measurements These are 50/60 Hz signals that are input to power conversion systems Utility, Grid, Household, Line, Power Line, Mains “Power”





computing system






efficiency of power consumption for the product

The “Line” input of a power conversion (AC-AC or AC-DC) system is typically 50/60 Hz signals. PWM voltage signals at the output of a power conversion system have a sinusoid fundamental

March 3, 2016 9

Power Conversion Systems Measurements Utility, Grid, Household, Line, Power Line, Mains “Power”





computing system






efficiency of power consumption for the product March 3, 2016 10

“Power” Overview: 100 years in 7 slides

March 3, 2016 11

Generation, Transmission & Distribution (GT&D) and Consumption of Power

First - Electricity is Generated Stationary Generators

Utility centralized “generating plants” Distributed Generation (DG) (DC inverted to AC)

Then – Electricity is Transmitted and Distributed to

Homes Commercial Locations Industrial Users

Finally – Power is Consumed

Directly from the utility AC (50/60 Hz) line (no power conversion) Via AC-AC conversion (variable frequency drives) Via AC-DC conversion (“switch-mode” power supplies) Via DC-AC conversion (inverters) Via DC-DC conversion (converters)

March 3, 2016 12

Historical Generation, Transmission & Distribution System (GT&D) Large generation inefficiencies, high T&D losses

Centralized power generation, utility delivery to customer Overall power delivery efficiency = 32%

Generation input/output efficiency = 35% (1 BTU in = 0.35 BTU out) T&D efficiency = 93% (0.35 BTU in = 0.32 BTU out)

7% losses in T&D system components, e.g. Step-up, Power, Substation, and Distribution transformers Power Cables

March 3, 2016 13

Transmission & Distribution System Loss Measurements T&D equipment suppliers would validate equipment losses prior to shipment to utility

Transformer power frequency loss measurements 50 or 60 Hz Load (Copper, or I2R) Losses Excitation (Core) Losses Efficiencies

Validation Test

Loss validation Efficiency measurements

Report provided to end utility

customer as part of sale

March 3, 2016 14

Power Consumption – Motors Motors have represented the largest single opportunity to reduce energy consumption

45% of worldwide delivered electricity is consumed by electric motors 9% of this by small motors

Up to 750W (90% of motors) AC Induction, BLDC, PMSM

68% of this by medium motors Up to 375 kW (9.9% of motors) Mostly AC Induction

23% of this by large motors Up to 1000 kW (0.03% of motors) AC Induction

Motors were essentially only line-powered prior to the 1990s Power semiconductor-based “drives”

revolutionized motor speed and torque control

Various government mandates were enacted to increase motor efficiency

AC induction motor

Brushless DC Motor

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

EPCAct92 60034-30

March 3, 2016 15

Power Analysis of Electric Motors (1990s and earlier) Focus was on the larger motors (10% of unit volume) that consumed 91% of the electricity

Dynamometer Test Stand “Static” load testing Analog or digital (pulse) tachometer Analog torque transducer

Rudimentary Test Validation and Reporting

Efficiency measurements – one speed/load “Numbers only”

Not an Integrated Design Tool

No (or very limited) waveform capture No “Dynamic” load measurement No “Complete System” test with controls

debug Not well-suited for small motor test and

debug

March 3, 2016 16

The Power Electronics / Power Conversion Revolution As costs reduced and reliability increased, power conversion and drives became pervasive

Des

ign

Com

plex

ity

and

Pow

er L

evel

s

Low (<300V,

<<1000W)

High (>>1000W,

3-phase)

March 3, 2016 17

First Polling Question (choose one or more)

What products are you designing and testing 50/60 Hz core/coil devices Single-phase power electronics devices Three-phase power electronics devices Embedded control systems Systems None of the above

March 3, 2016 18

Solution Comparison Power Analyzers, Oscilloscopes, and Motor Drive Analyzers

March 3, 2016 19

Teledyne LeCroy Motor Drive Analyzers It’s an 8ch/12-bit Oscilloscope, and it’s also a Power Analyzer with Motor Integration

March 3, 2016 20

Oscilloscope Capabilities (BW, SR, Memory, MSO, Serial Trigger/Decode,

IGBT/MOSFET Device Test)

Teledyne LeCroy Motor Drive Analyzer 8ch, 12-bit

Teledyne LeCroy HDO8000 Oscilloscope 8ch, 12-bit

Yokogawa PX8000 “Precision Power

Scope” Yokogawa WT1800

Power Analyzer

Traditional “AC Power Analyzers” Only calculate “static” (steady-state)

“mean” power values Some don’t integrate motor torque and

speed data (mechanical power)

General-purpose 4ch, 8-bit scopes don’t have enough channels or resolution for three-phase systems

Motor Drive Analyzers perform every function Static (steady-state) “mean value” power

tables, like a power analyzer Dynamic (transient) power analysis Complete embedded control debug (i.e. it

is a fully-functional oscilloscope) Viewing 3-phase waveform systems High SR, BW, Memory MSO Serial Trigger & Decode

Power Analyzer with Motor Integration Options Power “numbers”, but little waveform information, and no control debug capability

March 3, 2016 21

Specialized Tool “Black-box”

Power numbers only

Limited Waveform Capture Short records Low SR Low BW

No Control Debug Capability

MDA800 Motor Drive Analyzer Comparison To a Power Analyzer instrument

March 3, 2016 22

Capability Teledyne LeCroy MDA800 Motor Drive Analyzer

Power Analyzer Instrument

Static Power Analysis

Yes Short records. Constant load/speed. Numerics value table. Correlation to controls.

Yes Short records. Constant load/speed. Numerics value table.

Dynamic Power Analysis

Yes Long time durations Variable loads/speeds. Statistics Table. Per-cycle Waveforms.

No X Complete Test Capability

Yes View 3-phase waveforms. Mixed Signal (MSO). Serial Trigger & Decode. Probes & Accessories.

No Single use instrument.

4ch, 8-bit Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Good controls debug and IGBT/MOSFET device power calcs, but not enough channels

March 3, 2016 23

More General Purpose IGBT /

MOSFET analysis

Control debug

Good Waveform Capture Long records High SR High BW

Too Few Channels

MDA800 Motor Drive Analyzer Comparison To a 4ch, 8-bit oscilloscope

March 3, 2016 24


4ch, 8-bit Oscilloscope



No X Dynamic Power Analysis




Limited Not enough channels. Not enough resolution. Otherwise, similar capabilities.

4 Channel, 8-bit Oscilloscope + Power Analyzer w/ Motor Integration Different instruments/displays and extremely difficult to correlate control/power interactions

March 3, 2016 25

+ +

Specialized Tool

Limited Waveform Capture

No Control Debug Capability

More General Purpose

Good Waveform Capture

Too Few Channels

MDA800 Motor Drive Analyzer Comparison To the combination of a Power Analyzer and a 4ch, 8-bit oscilloscope

March 3, 2016 26


4ch, 8-bit Scope + Power Analyzer



Yes Short records. Constant load/speed. Numerics value table. No correlation to controls.

Dynamic Power Analysis




Limited Not enough channels. Not enough resolution. Not simple capability to combine two instruments

Teledyne LeCroy’s Motor Drive Analyzer Provides complete test coverage

27

+

Teledyne LeCroy Motor Drive Analyzer

8ch, 12-bits, up to 1 GHz

March 3, 2016

Solution Comparison Summary This table summarizes the capabilities offered referenced to the simplified block diagram

Measurement / Analysis Capability

Power Analyzer



Motor Drive Analyzer

3-phase Electrical Power Yes* No Limited* Yes

Motor Mechanical Power Sometimes* No No Yes

Semiconductor Device Loss No Yes Yes Yes

Inverter Subsection Debug No Limited (4ch) Yes Yes

Embedded Controls Debug No Yes Yes Yes

Control/Power Interaction No No No Yes

March 3, 2016 28

Solution Comparison (Other) Wiring Configuration Setup in Teledyne LeCroy Motor Drive Analyzers and Power Analyzers

Wiring configuration is user-selectable 1-phase and 3-phase configurations

available Line-Line (L-L) to Line-Neutral (L-N)

conversion is provided

March 3, 2016 29

Wiring configuration is user-selectable Options available for line-line to line-

neutral conversion


Typical Power Analyzer

Solution Comparison (Other) Torque/Speed Capability in Teledyne LeCroy Motor Drive Analyzers and Power Analyzers

Torque Load Cells Analog Speed Sensors

Analog Tachometer (speed) Resolver (speed and direction)

Digital Speed Sensors Pulse Tachometer Hall Sensor (speed and

direction) Quadrature Encoder Interface

(speed, direction, absolute position)

March 3, 2016 30

Torque Load Cells Analog Speed Sensor

Analog Tachometer (speed) Digital Speed Sensor

Pulse Tachometer


Typical Power Analyzer

Solution Comparison (Other) Connections - “Channels and Probes” vs. “Elements”

V I AUX

PX8000 WT1800

V + I

8 inputs total: 3-phase V + I + sensors

12 inputs (2/module) total: Up to 2 x 3-phase V + I, or sensors

8 analog inputs total: 3-phase V + I + analog sensors OR other power or embedded

control signal. 16 digital inputs total:

Speed (Hall, QEI) and control digital logic, serial data, etc.

• Built-in HV Isolation • Built-in current shunt • But no flexibility for non-power

signals

March 3, 2016 31

Probes add cost, and reduce accuracy, BUT they provide more flexibility.


Yokogawa Power Analyzer

Solution Comparison (Other) Other features typically provided in a power analyzer instrument, but not in an MDA Different V and I calculation basis (Mean, Rectified-Mean, DC and RMS)

Some of these capabilities are possible using the Harmonic Filter settings in the Teledyne LeCroy Motor Drive Analyzer

Energy (Watt-hours, VA-hours, Amp-hours, etc) These are long-duration (hours, days, weeks) power consumption measurements in which an

oscilloscope-type acquisition system is not typically used

Corrected Power per IEC76-1, IEEE C57.12.90, IEC76-1 Pertinent to 50/60 Hz core/coil transformers

Impedance of Load Circuit Pertinent to 50/60 Hz core/coil devices, not a requirement for solid-state high-frequency power

conversion devices

Vector Graphs A visual way to understand the voltage, current, and power three-phase vectors Pertinent to 50/60 Hz core/coil devices, not very useful for distorted waveforms in solid-state high-

frequency power conversion devices

March 3, 2016 32

Second Polling Question (choose one)

What equipment do you currently use today for design validation and testing? Power analyzer Oscilloscope Data acquisition system Power analyzer + oscilloscope Power analyzer + oscilloscope and/or data acquisition

March 3, 2016 33

Case Studies

March 3, 2016 34

480 V, 3-phase, 1.5 hp AC Induction Motor Drive Input-Output performance and efficiency are measured for a short time period under no-load conditions.

March 3, 2016 35

Static (Steady-State) Power Analysis – No Load Display of 8 acquired channels, use of 2 wattmeter method for power calculations

March 3, 2016 36

Setup Summary

Mean Value Numerics Table

AC Input Acquired

Waveforms

Short Record Acquisition

(2.5 Mpts, 500 ms)

Drive Output Acquired Waveforms

Q-Scape Tabbed Display

Static (Steady-State) Power Analysis – No Load Display of 8 acquired channels, use of 2 wattmeter method for power calculations

March 3, 2016 37

Static & Dynamic Power Analysis – No Load Display of Efficiency vs. Time – Note that AC Input and Drive Output have different periods

March 3, 2016 38

Per-cycle Efficiency vs. Time Waveform

Acquired Waveforms

CalculatedWaveforms

AC Input Sync Signal

Drive Output Sync Signal


Dynamic Power Analysis – No Load More than just a “Mean” value – All the statistical values and Waveform plots vs. time

March 3, 2016 39

Complete Statistics for 50

calculations

Mean value in Statistics table matches Numerics

table (mean) value

28 AC Input Periods

22 Drive

Output Periods

50 Efficiency

Calcs

Per-cycle Efficiency vs. Time

calculated waveform

New methods are required to measure Efficiency “per-cycle” when periods differ

Time Effi

cien

cy


480 V, 3-phase, 1.5 hp AC Induction Motor Drive Input-Output performance and efficiency are measured for a short time period under loaded conditions.

March 3, 2016 40

Static (Steady-State) Power Analysis – with Constant Load Same setup as before but now under load conditions

March 3, 2016 41

Note that PF, Φ, and efficiency improve


Acquired Waveforms

Acquired Waveforms

Dynamic Power Analysis – With Load More than just a “Mean” value – All the statistical values and Waveform plots vs. time

March 3, 2016 42

Complete Statistics for 50

calculations

Mean value in Statistics table matches Numerics

table (mean) value

28 AC Input Periods

22 Drive

Output Periods

50 Efficiency

Calcs Time E

ffici

ency


480 V, 3-phase, 1.5 hp AC Induction Motor Drive Dynamic Analysis, no-load startup to steady-state load – leveraging long acquisition time to better understand performance characteristics

March 3, 2016 43

Dynamic Power Analysis – Startup to Applied Load Zooms permit close inspection of acquired waveforms for unusual behaviors

March 3, 2016 44

Zooms Zooms

All zooms time-correlated and “locked” together. Zoom ratio, in this case, = 1s/div / 50 ms/div = 20x.

Dynamic Power Analysis – Startup to Applied Load Zoom ratio can be changed depending on need

March 3, 2016 45

Zooms Zooms

5x Zoom Ratio

Dynamic Power Analysis – Startup to Applied Load Zoom position can be changed depending on need

March 3, 2016 46

Zooms Zooms

50x Zoom Ratio, different position

Dynamic Power Analysis – Startup to Applied Load Zoom + Gate combines zoom ratio/position with “gate” of Numeric table calculations

March 3, 2016 47

Zooms Zooms

Zoom position and ratio is selected to

include startup up to

overrange condition

Numeric table selections are

made

Zoom+Gate Enabled (also possible with front panel button)

Mean values in Zoom+Gated

Acquisition

Dynamic Power Analysis – Startup to Applied Load Zoom + Gate combines zoom ratio/position with “gate” of Numeric table calculations

March 3, 2016 48

Dynamic Power Analysis – Startup to Applied Load Zoom + Gate, Statistics, Per-cycle Waveforms, and Long Captures enhance understanding

March 3, 2016 49

Touch or click a Numeric table cell and a per-cycle Waveform + statistics are displayed

Always time-correlated with zooms

AC Input and Drive Output

Acquired Waveforms

(far left) and Corresponding

Zooms to the Right

Per-cycle Waveforms (Value vs. Time) of Calculated Voltage, Current, Power, etc. Values

Complete Statistics for hundreds of calculations


Dynamic Power Analysis – Startup to Applied Load Use Q-Scape tabbed displays and multi-grid with an UHD (3840 x 2160 pixel) external display

March 3, 2016 50

Q-Scape provides 4x the display area to

enhance understanding when viewing

many waveforms

UHD Extended Desktop Support

One mean value has many values plotted over time

Solution Summary 480 V, 3-phase, 1.5 hp Motor Drive Application

Power Analyzer



Static Power Analysis Yes Mean Value Table

No Yes Mean Value Table

Dynamic Power Analysis No No Yes Zoom+Gate

Statistics Per-cycle Waveforms

Long Captures

Input-Output Efficiency Yes “gold standard” accuracy

No Yes “pre-compliance” accuracy

Sync Signal + Overlay No No Yes

March 3, 2016 51

Brushless DC Motor Static and Dynamic electrical and mechanical power analysis on a battery-powered 3-phase motor drive and BLDC motor

March 3, 2016 52

Brushless DC Motor in a Battery-powered Drill Hall sensors are used for speed sensing, power measured at DC bus, drive output, shaft output

March 3, 2016 53

DC Bus Acquired

Waveforms (far left) and

Corresponding Zooms to the

Right

Drive Output Acquired



Right

Analog Torque (C7) and Speed (C8) signals

Digital BLDC Hall Sensor Speed Signals

Per-cycle Waveforms and Torque vs. Speed (X-Y) Plots


Solution Summary Brushless DC battery-powered motor drive and motor using hall sensor speed feedback

Power Analyzer







Long Captures

Input-Output Efficiency Yes No Yes Mechanical Analysis Limited

No BLDC Hall Sensor Limited

As voltage signals only Yes

Incl. BLDC Hall Sensor

March 3, 2016 54

Complex Drive & Control Interaction Testing Correlating drive performance and activity to control system commands and measuring dynamic power values in a small sensorless sine-modulated hand-held power tool

March 3, 2016 55

Customer Product and Test/Validation Challenges

Product is a small hand-held tool with high-speed operation Operation of tool involves reversal of direction once per second Heat lost in motor during operation or reversal is not desired

User discomfort Reliability

Test/Validation Challenges

Is the control system effecting the reversal as it should? Is the Drive Output performing acceptably well? What is Power (heat) loss during operation?

March 3, 2016 56

Step 1 – Verify Control Interaction “Reversal” command signals should correctly initiate motor reversal – this can be confirmed

March 3, 2016 57

Acquired Waveforms

Horizontal and Vertical Zoom Waveforms

C1 = Control signal to initiate motor reversal

C2 = Control signal to indicating expected completion of motor reversal

C3 = Encoder position of the rotor (voltage feedback, 0-360° = one ramp)

C4 = Actual speed of the motor (voltage feedback)

C5 = Commanded speed of the motor (voltage feedback)

Motor reversal initiated

Motor reversal should be completed by this time

Motor reversal

Commanded speed closely tracks actual speed

Step 2 – Verify Drive Output Behavior Two line-line voltages and two line currents are acquired

March 3, 2016 58

Acquired Voltage

Waveforms

Acquired Current

Waveforms

Long Record Acquisition (50 Mpts, 5 s)

Motor reversal

Motor operation

Step 3 – Power Values are Measured and Viewed During the full 5 second acquisition, nearly 1000 calculations are made and viewed

March 3, 2016 59

Acquired Voltage

Waveforms

Acquired Current

Waveforms

Complete Statistics for

978 calculations


Per-cycle Waveforms (Value vs. Time) of Calculated Voltage, Current, and Real Power Values

VRMS(ΣRST) over time

IRMS(ΣRST) over time

Power(ΣRST) over time

Time

Pow

er

Step 3 – Power Values are Measured and Viewed for Operating Cycle Zoom+Gate is used to measure and view power while the motor is spinning in one direction

March 3, 2016 60




Right

One motor operating cycle

One motor operating cycle

Drive Output Sync Signal with Overlay (to verify measured cycles)

3.668 W for 907.68 ms = 3.33 Joules 2.760 W for 907.68 ms = 2.51 Joules Δ = Heat Loss in Winding = 0.82 Joules

These values are actually “full spectrum” RST values These values are “fundamental only” RST values

Cursor Readout

Step 4 – Power Values are Measured and Viewed for Reversal Cycle Zoom+Gate is used to measure and view power while the motor is reversing

March 3, 2016 61

One motor reversal cycle

One motor reversal cycle

Drive Output Sync Signal with Overlay (to verify measured cycles)

Cursor Readout

3.894 W for 152.49 ms = 0.59 Joules This is all heat loss during motor reversal

Undesired Behavior Found in Counter-clockwise Rotation Vibration present in the motor, seen in P(ΣRST) and S(ΣRST) per-cycle Waveforms

March 3, 2016 62

Clockwise Rotation

Counter-Clockwise Rotation

Clockwise Rotation


Clockwise Rotation


Clockwise Rotation


Reversal Reversal Reversal

Reversal Reversal Reversal Reversal Reversal

C3 = Encoder position of the rotor (voltage feedback) C7 = Sensorless calculation of the rotor (voltage feedback)

C4 = Reversal initiate control signal C8 = Speed signal

Detailed of Undesired Behavior

March 3, 2016 63

Clockwise Rotation = near constant power delivery

Counter-clockwise Rotation = oscillatory power delivery

You can’t see these behaviors in a single Mean power value!

Undesired Behavior Fixed Modified control scheme now ensures proper operation in both directions

March 3, 2016 64

Clockwise Rotation

Counter-clockwise Rotation

Solution Summary Complex drive & control interaction and test/validation

Power Analyzer







Long Captures

Control Debug No Limited Only 4 Channels

Yes

Control + Power Interaction No No Yes

March 3, 2016 65

Third Polling Question (choose one)

What is your principle design and/or test role at your company? Magnetics / Motors Power semiconductor devices Inverter subsection Embedded controls (hardware or software) System level

March 3, 2016 66

Vehicle Propulsion Motor Investigation Using analog torque load cells and analog tachometers to measure drive output to motor shaft mechanical output efficiency and drive output harmonics/THD.

March 3, 2016 67

Electrical and Mechanical Acquisitions and Calculations Summary view shows power and efficiency, and torque, speed, and efficiency behaviors

March 3, 2016 68

Drive Output Acquired Line-Line

Voltage Waveforms

Per-cycle Speed Waveform Drive Output

Acquired Line Current Waveforms

Analog Torque Load Cell Signals

C5 = Torque Load Cell Output

Z5 = Vertical Zoom of C5 permits observation of motor torque ripple

C6 = Analog Tachometer Output

Per-cycle Efficiency Waveform

Mean Value Numeric Table

Efficiency Correlation to Torque Per-cycle Waveforms make it easy to correlate power behaviors with other signals

March 3, 2016 69

Efficiency is strongly correlated to Torque

±1 RPM peak-peak

Speed shows ±1 RPM peak-peak behavior

Per-cycle Speed Waveform Correlated to Analog Tachometer Signal But Speed Waveform is displayed in RPM for ease of understanding

March 3, 2016 70

C6 = Analog Tachometer Output

Z6 = Vertical Zoom of C6

F11 = Low Pass Filter of Z6 Per-cycle Speed Waveform

Per-cycle Speed Waveform correlates to filtered analog tachometer voltage signal




Right

Measure and Display per-Cycle THD Waveforms This permits understanding of THD behaviors correlated to other events

March 3, 2016 71

Per-cycle Voltage and Current THD Waveforms

THD may be calculated per-cycle if Harmonic Filter is set to

Fundamental+N or Range selection

Solution Summary Vehicle propulsion motor investigation

Power Analyzer







Long Captures

Mechanical Analysis Limited Mean values only

Limited As voltage signals only

Yes Yes, Speed + Torque

THD Measurement Limited No Yes

March 3, 2016 72

Harmonics Calculation Option Using the Motor Drive Analyzer to apply harmonic filters, measure harmonics by order, measure THD values, and plot harmonic behaviors vs. time.

March 3, 2016 73

Harmonics Calculations and Analysis Display of acquired drive output voltage and current and per-cycle THD Waveforms

March 3, 2016 74

Setup Summary

Acquired Voltage

Waveforms


(2.5 Mpts, 500 ms)


Acquired Current

Waveforms

Color Coded Overlays for Turn On, Turn Off, Conduction, and

Off State Zones


Off State Zones

Per-cycle Vthd vs. Time Waveform

Per-cycle Ithd vs. Time Waveform

Per-cycle Pthd vs. Time Waveform

Complete Statistics

Mean THD values for voltage, current, power


Harmonics Calculations and Analysis Correlate drive output waveforms with high levels of harmonics and THD

March 3, 2016 75


(2.5 Mpts, 500 ms)



Off State Zones


Off State Zones

Acquired Voltage

Waveforms

Acquired Current

Waveforms

Zoom+Gate

High Harmonic Content

Per-cycle Vthd vs. Time Waveform

Per-cycle Ithd vs. Time Waveform


Complete Statistics


Harmonics Calculations and Analysis Display of acquired voltage and current with harmonic measurements and spectrum views

March 3, 2016 76


(2.5 Mpts, 500 ms)



Off State Zones


Off State Zones

Acquired Voltage

Waveforms

Acquired Current

Waveforms


Display harmonics for up to 9 Sources

Spectral Displays for Vr, Ir, Is, and Pr

Measurements by Harmonic Order

Display harmonics for up to 9 Sources

Spectral Views of Vr, Ir, Is, and Pr

Measurements by Harmonic

Order

Solution Summary Three-phase harmonic calculations and analysis

Power Analyzer



Static Harmonic Analysis Yes Only 2 simultaneous

calculations

No Yes Up to 9 simultaneous

calculations

Dynamic Harmonic Analysis

No No Yes Zoom+Gate


Long Captures

Harmonic Filtering Yes Hardware PLL-based

No Yes Software technique

THD Measurement Yes No Yes March 3, 2016 77

Power Semiconductor Device Analysis Using an oscilloscope with specialized HV differential probes/amplifiers, current probes, and measurement software

March 3, 2016 78

Power Semiconductor Device Analysis

79

DA1855A Differential Amplifier with DXC100A voltage probe lead set

CP031A Current Probe

HVD3000 Series 1, 2, and 6 kV HV Differential Probes

DCS015 Deskew Calibration Source

The “Device Engineer” will characterize how efficient the device is operating at, and will measure: Switching/Conduction Loss RDS ON (MOSFET), dV/dt, dI/dt Safe Operating Area

Equipment used often includes Specialized differential amplifier Precision deskew calibration

device High bandwidth current probes Power Measurement Software High voltage differential probes

March 3, 2016

Power Semiconductor Device Analysis Display of acquired VDS and ID with device loss parameters

March 3, 2016 80

Setup Summary

Statistical values for

switching loss parameters

Acquired Drain to Source

Voltage (VDS)


(2.5 Mpts, 500 ms)


Acquired Drain Current

(IDS)

Calculated Device Power


Off State Zones

Color Coded Overlays for Turn On, Turn Off, Conduction, and Off State Zones

Power Semiconductor Device Analysis Display of acquired VDS and ID with RDS On measurement

March 3, 2016 81

Setup Summary

RDS On parameter


Voltage (VDS)


(2.5 Mpts, 500 ms)



(IDS)

Calculated RDS On


Off State Zones


Off State Zones

Conduction Zone Identified for RDS On measurement

Power Semiconductor Device Analysis Display of acquired VDS and ID with Safe Operating Area (SOA) Mask Test

March 3, 2016 82

Setup Summary


Voltage (VDS)


(2.5 Mpts, 500 ms)



(IDS)

Calculated Device Power


Off State Zones


Off State Zones

Safe Operating Area XY Plot with Pass/Fail Mask

Failing Operating Points

Switching loss parameters

Pass/Fail Criteria for Mask Creation

Solution Summary Power Semiconductor Device Analysis Application

Power Analyzer



Switching Loss No Yes Yes Conduction Loss No Yes Yes RDS ON No Yes Yes Safe Operating Area No Yes Yes

March 3, 2016 83

Summary

March 3, 2016 84

Motor Drive Analyzers Are Unique It’s an 8ch/12-bit Oscilloscope, and it’s also a Power Analyzer with Motor Integration

March 3, 2016 85

Oscilloscope Capabilities (BW, SR, Memory, MSO, Serial Trigger/Decode,

IGBT/MOSFET Device Test)

Teledyne LeCroy Motor Drive Analyzer 8ch, 12-bit

Teledyne LeCroy HDO8000 Oscilloscope 8ch, 12-bit

Yokogawa PX8000 “Precision Power

Scope” Yokogawa WT1800

Power Analyzer

Traditional “AC Power Analyzers” Only calculate “static” (steady-state)

“mean” power values Some don’t integrate motor torque and

speed data (mechanical power)

General-purpose 4ch, 8-bit scopes don’t have enough channels or resolution for three-phase systems

Motor Drive Analyzers perform every function Static (steady-state) “mean value” power

tables, like a power analyzer Dynamic (transient) power analysis Complete embedded control debug (i.e. it

is a fully-functional oscilloscope) Viewing 3-phase waveform systems High SR, BW, Memory MSO Serial Trigger & Decode

Questions?

March 3, 2016 86

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WEBINAR - UCL › ~amoss › channelengineer › Essential Principles o… · WEBINAR: Essential...

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