Webinar Gender and climate change: from indicators to policy design

Carolina Rivera, carolina.rivera@undp.org

Human Development Report Office, UNDP

New York, January 2019

Introduction

I. Gender and climate change indicators

Identifying and understanding gender relevance

Determining the need for information

II. Elements of indicators

Choosing data sources

Ensuring data quality

III. Linkages to policy

Analysis of indicators

Contrast with policies in place

Gender and climate change: from indicators to policy

Diagnosis/ Definition

Design

Implementation

Monitoring

Evaluation

When can we use indicators?

throughout all

the policy

cycle

I. Gender and climate change indicators

1

2Understanding

gender

relevance

3

Choosing

data sources4

5

Comparing with

current policies

to identify gaps

Processing and

analyzing data

Determining

the need for

information

Using indicators for relevant policy analysis

Identifying and understanding gender relevance

Environmental conditions have a different impact on the lives of women and men:

What are the policy relevant questions?

1

access to water

access to energyhealth and mortality

unremunerated work

violence risks

Identifying and understanding gender relevance

Women’s role in environmental protection is disadvantaged by unequal

access to:

What are the policy relevant questions?

1

Education and training

Information and technologies

Decision making

Identifying and understanding gender relevance

Indicators at the national level could set

a general outlook of the environmental

and/or gender status in a country.

- Describing the development challenge

- Defining the problem

What are the policy relevant questions?

1

Diagnosis/ Definition

Gender Inequality Index

Identifying and understanding gender relevance1

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

Maternal mortality ratio

Share of seats in parliament

Female population with at least

some secondary education

Labor force participation rate

0.383 0.549

64 510

19.78 23.26

51.09 29.22

58.8 62.4

Colombia Kenya

Multidimensional Poverty Index

Identifying and understanding gender relevance1

% of the population

in poverty

37.34

3.3

8.7

12.7

12.7

18.7

20.6

22.1

27.8

29.7

30.9

Drinking water

School attendance

Nutrition

Child mortality

Assets

Electricity

Sanitation

Cooking…

Years of schooling

Housing

% of people who are poor and deprived in….

Bhutan Uganda % of the population

in poverty

56.76

% of people who are poor and deprived in….

5.6

13.8

22.6

26.4

34.2

41.9

49.2

49.9

50.0

56.4

Child mortality

School attendance

Years of schooling

Assets

Nutrition

Drinking water

Housing

Electricity

Sanitation

Cooking…

Policy relevant question

Do women and men equally participate on agricultural

activities?

When water is not available on household premises, do

women and men participate equally in water

collection?

Are women more involved than men in sustainable

consumption of energy and environmentally-friendly

behavior (saving energy)?

Do women use public transportation for commuting

more often than men?

Examples

Agriculture

Water

Energy

Transportation

What are the policy relevant questions?

Determine the need for information

What kind of data do I need to

answer the policy relevant questions?

To assess the impact of the environment

on women’s and men’s lives

- Data on water and firewood collection

- Data on the health impact of

environmental conditions

- Data necessary to estimate the

gender‐differentiated impact of

natural disasters

To analyze the management of the

environment from a gender perspective

- Data on managerial positions in

environment by gender

- Data on education students by fields of

study and gender

- Data on population regularly involved

in recycling, water saving, energy

saving, use of ecofriendly products and

proper garbage disposal

2

Examples

Agriculture

Water

Policy relevant question Data needed

Do women and men equally participate

on agricultural activities?

- Population employed in agriculture.

When water is not available on

household premises, do women and men

participate equally in water

collection?

- Households/population by

availability of water on the premises

and sex of the person usually

collecting water.

- Persons involved in water collection

by sex and age.

- Time spent on water collection by sex

and age.

II. Elements of indicators

Multiple Indicator

Cluster Survey

(MICS)

Demographic and

Health Survey

(DHS)

First-hand information

collected by the surveyor.

Population

Census

Administrative

registers

Household

surveys

Secondary sources

Primary sources

Choosing data sources3

Gathered from studies,

surveys, or experiments that

have been run by other

people or for other research

Choosing data sources

International

Organizations

National

government or

NGOs

Local

government or

NGOs

Data collection questionnaires focus groupssurveys

3

Institution Data base Link

UNDP Human development indicators http://hdr.undp.org/en/data

World Bank World development indicators https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-

development-indicators

OPHI

University of

Oxford

Multidimensional poverty

indicators

https://ophi.org.uk/multidimensional-poverty-index/mpi-

resources/

UNEP Environmental data explorer http://geodata.grid.unep.ch/

IEA International Energy Agency https://www.iea.org/statistics/?country=WORLD&year=2016&category=Energy

%20supply&indicator=TPESbySource&mode=chart&dataTable=BALANCES

OECD OECD Stats https://stats.oecd.org/

UNDESA Environment statistics https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envstats/qindicators.cshtml

FAO FAO Data and statistics http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data

WHO Global Health Observatory

WHO Mortality Database

https://www.who.int/gho/en/

https://www.who.int/healthinfo/mortality_data/en/

Ensuring data quality3

valid reliable precise

measurable timelyprogrammatically

important

Policy relevant question Data needed Source of data

When water is not available on

household premises, do women and

men participate equally in water

collection?

- Households/population by

availability of water on the

premises and sex of the person

usually collecting water.

- Persons involved in water

collection by sex and age.

- Time spent on water collection by

sex and age.

- Household surveys, such as DHS

and MICS.

- Time-use surveys.

Do women and men equally

participate on agricultural activities?

- Population employed in

agriculture.

- World development indicators

from the World Bank.

Examples

Agriculture

Water

Examples

Ecuador

29.8

22.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

% of male employment in agriculture

% of female employment in agriculture

Percentage of the population employed in agriculture by gender

(modeled ILO estimate), 2008-2017

Source: World development

indicators, World Bank.

Agriculture

III. Linkages to public policy

How to use indicators in the policy cycle?

Project documents

Presentations

AnalysisProposals

Local approaches

Analyzing data4

- Defining units of analysis

- Data disaggregation by gender, age, ethnicity,

state/municipality

- Choosing data visualization mode:

Comparing with current policies5

Laws and

regulations

Programs

and policies

Budget and

resources

Policy relevant

question

Data needed Source of data Indicator Current policy Gaps

When water is not

available on

household

premises,

do women and

men participate

equally in water

collection?

- Households/po

pulation by

availability of

water on the

premises and

sex of the

person usually

collecting water.

- Persons involved

in water

collection by

sex and age.

- Time spent on

water collection

by sex and

age.

- Household

surveys, such as

DHS and MICS.

22.1% does not

have access to

sanitation while

3.3% does not

have access to

clean water.

Policy in place

does not have a

gender component.

Targeted policies

to increase the

access to clean

water in

households with

female head.

ExamplesBhutan

Policy

relevant

question

Data needed Source of

data

Indicator Current policy Gaps

Do women

and men

equally

participate

on

agricultural

activities?

- Population

employed

in

agriculture.

- World

development

indicators

from the

World Bank.

- National

statistics of

Ecuador.

- In 2017, 22.77% of women

were employed in the

agriculture sector. This

indicator has been

increasing since 2011 but

experienced a decrease the

last years.

- In 2015 48.2% of women

working in agriculture are

informal workers.

Sectoral national

policy has a

gender

perspective to

assign financial

resources to

women working on

the agricultural

sector.

Policy or program

to encourage the

formalization of

women working in

agriculture.

ExamplesEcuador

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