file format. It can not be redistributed in printed form or any other media without permission of the writer.
Please state dictation, grammar or any other errors to: [email protected]
Course support : You can ask your course questions in Learnem supportforums .
Please support us by visiting our support forums and asking yourquestions and answering questions of others.
Registration: You can also register for paid web design email course. Ifyou register you will benefit from strong one to one student support,personal tutor, more facilities, discount for other courses, access tostudents area and many more. Course fee for web page design emailcourse is $15 only. Paid students will receive 13 advanced lessons inaddition to 7 general lessons. You can register for paid course at:
Course support : You can ask your course questions in Learnem supportforums .
Please support us by visiting our support forums and asking yourquestions and answering questions of others.
Registration: You can also register for paid web design email course. Ifyou register you will benefit from strong one to one student support,personal tutor, more facilities, discount for other courses, access tostudents area and many more. Course fee for web page design emailcourse is $15 only. Paid students will receive 13 advanced lessons inaddition to 7 general lessons. You can register for paid course at:
Course Registration Here
1-1 Introduction
So you have decided to design your web pages yourself! Good decision. So let's start quickly.
Web pages are ordinary files with .htm or .html file extensions. They contain a code named "hypertext mark-up language" or html. This codes when viewed in a browser like Internet Explorer orNetscape will be seen as beautiful web pages however code under web page may be complicated.
To design an html web page you have two options:
a. You can use a web page editor like Microsoft FrontPage to create web pages. It works exactlylike Microsoft word (a complicated editor program used for creating and editing book, letter etcpages.) You just type text, insert graphics and finally save your document as an html web page.By the way word 2000 itself can save your existing documents as html pages.
So you see designing a web page can be very easy. But soon you will see that this is not a goodoption for creating a professional web page.
b. Second option is to learn html codes and write html pages in a simple text editor. As we saidyour codes will be seen as WebPages when viewed in a web browser.
1-2 Reasons for choosing second option
- If you want to design professional web pages using these tools will not be enough. You must befamiliar with html codes. - Results of these editors are big and sometimes chaotic code. Maintaining this code is verydifficult.
- If you want to design dynamic web pages in future you will need to know html codes. - If you will need forms in your pages to send information to server and return result pages backto browser you will need to know html codes. - There are other reasons that dictate us to learn html coding and not satisfy with these tools.
1-3 Tools you will need
You will need a simple text editor to write html codes. For example you can use notepad inwindows or any text editor in other operating systems. You will also need a browser like Internetexplorer or Netscape Navigator. In this course we will assume that you are working in windows9X/NT/2000.
1-4 Start Here
Now open notepad and type the following code.
Example 1-1:
<HTML>Hello world!</HTML>
Now save the text as "page11.html" To browse html file open windows explorer and double clickon the file. You must see your first web page opened in your web browser. Note: If you have anyquestion about lessons. You can ask them in our support forums. Visit our website and click on"support forums" link.
<HTML> and </HTML> are called tags. First one is a start tag and second is an end tag. Tags aresomething like commands in programming languages. <HTML> tag tells the browser that this isstart of the HTML and </HTML> marks its end.
<HTML> </HTML> mark start and end o a html page.
1-5 HTML code headers
Every html page must have a header. Header contains important information about the page.Different tags are used for different sections of a header. Header of an html page is specified by<HEAD> and </HEAD> tags.
<HTML><HEAD>...</HEAD></HTML>
We will enter header information between <HEAD> </HEAD> tags.
1-6 Title
One of the most important parts of a header is title. Title is the small text that will appear in titlebar of viewer's browser. So html document will be as below.
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Title of the page</TITLE></HEAD></HTML>
1-7 Web page body
Now our web page needs a body in which we will enter web page content. As you may guess wewill use these tags:
<BODY> </BODY>
Body will come right after header end tag. So our web page will be something like this
Example 1-2:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>My company web page</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>Welcome to our homepage. More text here.</BODY></HTML>
Now type html code in notepad and save it as "page2.html". Then view html file in your browserby double clicking on it in windows explorer.
1-8 Extended <BODY> tag
Most of html tags we will learn have optional parameters and extensions. Here we will learn toextensions for <BODY> tag.
1-9 Background color for body of web page
If you want you can change background color of your web page by extending <BODY> tag asbelow.
Example 1-3:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Page with Back Color</TITLE></HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="#00FF00">Page with Back Color</BODY></HTML>
This will change your background color to green. Format of color number is RRGGBB. You knowthat each color is a combination of three main colors: Red, Green and Blue. In color format RR is
value of red component of the main color in hexadecimal format. GG is value of greencomponent and BB is the value of blue component.
Two digit hexadecimal number can be anything between 00 to FF i.e. 0 to 255 in decimal format.So if we write 00FF00 we mean (red=0, green=255, blue=0) so the result is a pure green color.
You can produce 16 million colors in this way but pay attention that not all of the browsers will becapable to show all these colors. So test your web page in 256 colors mode.
1-10 Background Image
We can use a background picture for web page instead of background color. You must have aready image file in .gif or .jpg formats. Now you must extend <BODY> tag as below. "image1.gif"is file name of he image we want to use as background image.
<BODY BACKGROUND="image1.gif">
Example 1-4:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Page with background image</TITLE></HEAD><BODY BACKGROUND="image1.gif"><B>Page with background image.</B></BODY></HTML>
Image file must be in the same folder as your html file. Otherwise browser will not be able to findit.
Notice: You can find examples of this lessons in our website. There you must go to resourcessection and then click on "Web email course example page."
Exercises:
Attention: Do not use any html editing program like MS FrontPage . You must workon the codes yourself.
Course support: Paid students must send exercises to their tutor. Tutor will return correctedexercise to the student. Others can ask their questions in Support forumsin our web site.
1- Write your web page code with image1.gif as its background picture.
2- Write above code with a blue color instead of image as its background.
3- List tags you learned in this lesson with a small description.
Course support : You can ask your course questions in Learnem supportforums .
Please support us by visiting our support forums and asking yourquestions and answering questions of others.
Registration: You can also register for paid web design email course. Ifyou register you will benefit from strong one to one student support,personal tutor, more facilities, discount for other courses, access tostudents area and many more. Course fee for web page design emailcourse is $15 only. Paid students will receive 13 advanced lessons inaddition to 7 general lessons. You can register for paid course at:
Course Registration Here
2-1 Text Formatting
Until now we have learned to insert simple text into our web pages. In this lesson we will learntext formatting techniques. This part of html writing skills is the most important part of our whole web designcourse. So you must learn it word by word.
2-2 Changing text style
We can make a text bold, italic or underlined. If you want to make a text bold, you must inclose itin <B>...</B> tags.
<BODY>This is very <B> important </B></BODY>
In above text the word "important" is typed bold. You can make a text italic by inclosing it in<I>...</I> tags.
And finally you can make some text underlined by inclosing it in <U>...</U> tags.
</HEAD><BODY><B>This text is bold</B><br><I>While this one is Italic</I><br><U>and this text is underlined</U><br><B><I>Look at this, this is both bold and italic</I></B></BODY></HTML>
In above example you can see that how we can make a text both bold and italic or any othercombination.
You may notice the tag <BR> in the end of each line. Let's see what is this tag. If you insert enterkeys (new line characters) at the end of each line and wish that it will make new lines in youroutput page you will soon be disappointed.
All lines will be in a single line in output web page. No matter how html code is written in separatelines. To break lines in output web page you must insert <BR> tags in breaking points. Also payattention that <BR> tag is one of few single tags in html language . It has not an ending tag.
2-3 Nested Tags
In previous section we saw a line of code with nested tags.
<B><I>This is both bold and italic</I></B>
When you use nested tags you must be sure that they do not overlap each other. They must benested exactly. For example some part of text may change to bold although it is not desired.
2-4 Text with fixed width font
As you may know, regular fonts use different horizontal space. For example letter 'w' uses morespace than the letter 'i'. Sometimes we need a font with exactly the same width for all letters . Forexample if you want to make a table of numbers and you want the columns to be exactly undereach other in different rows, we will need this kind of text.
To specify this kind of text you must use <TT>...</TT> tags. TT means Typewriter Text.
2-5 Changing size and face of fonts
We can change face and size of fonts using <FONT>...</FONT> tags. Also using this tag alone willnot change the text. You need to use parameters for this tag. This parameters specify what kind ofchange you need in text font.
2-6 Size of font
To change size of font in a part of text, inclose it with a <FONT> tag as below:
<FONT SIZE=n>...,</font>
n is size of font. size of font must be a number between 1 and 7. If you insert some text withoutdetermining its size default size will be 3.
Example 2-2
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 2, Lesson 2</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><FONT SIZE=1>1This text is bold</FONT><br><FONT SIZE=2>2This text is bold</FONT><br><FONT SIZE=3>3This text is bold</FONT><br><FONT SIZE=4>4This text is bold</FONT><br><FONT SIZE=5>5This text is bold</FONT><br><FONT SIZE=6>6This text is bold</FONT><br><FONT SIZE=7>7This text is bold</FONT><br></BODY></HTML>
2-7 Face of fonts
We can use a font for a part of text by specifying its name.
<FONT FACE="Font Name Here">...</FONT>
You must insert font name in double quotes in above tag.
Example 2-3:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 3, Lesson 2</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><FONT FACE="ARIAL">This text is in ARIAL font</FONT><br><FONT FACE="IMPACT">This text is in IMPACT font</FONT><br></BODY></HTML>
In above example we have used Arial and Impact fonts while you can use any font you want.
Warning: Fonts will be displayed on your viewer if specified font is installed on your computer. Sobe careful while using new fonts. It's better to use native windows fonts in your pages. Windows isused by about %95 of web surfers.
Alternatively you can use several font faces for each part of your text. In this way your browserwill try alternative fonts if it can not find primary font.
<FONT Face="Arial,HELVATICA">...</FONT>
2-8 Changing font colors
In previous lesson you learned how to change web page background color. Here we will learn howto change text color. Look at this example:
example 2-4:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 4, Lesson 2</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><FONT COLOR="#FF0000">This text is in red color.</FONT><br><FONT COLOR="#00FF00">This text is in green color.</FONT><br><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">This text is in blue color.</FONT><br></BODY></HTML>
In above text different colors are used. You can change text color by changing color number. Ifyou don't remember how to specify color numbers return to previous lesson and review section on"web page background color".
2-9 Combining Font attributes
We can obviously combine <FONT> tag parameters as we wish. In this way we will be able tohave text with different colors, font faces and font sizes.
You can even use text styles with <FONT> tag by nesting style and font tags.
<B><I><FONT SIZE="5" FACE="IMPACT" COLOR="#00FF00">How is this ?</FONT></I></B>
2-10 Changing default font colors in a web page
Each browser has its own default settings for text color, link color, visited link color and active linkcolor.Text color default is black. Links are usually blue. To change default settings for these values youmust use <BODY> tag with more parameters.
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#00FF00" ALINK="#FF0000">Some Text </BODY>
BGCOLOR: Web page backgroundTEXT: Text ColorLINK: Link ColorVLINK: Visited linkALINK: Active link
2-11 End
This lesson included some of the most important techniques in html writing. Now you must be ableto use any kind of text in your web pages.
As remembering so much tags and parameters is difficult, you must use them repeatedly so thatyou can remember them.
I always tell this sentence in my programming classes: "No one becomes a programmerwithout programming"
Notice: You can find examples of this lessons in our website. There you must go to resources
section and then click on "Web email course example page."
Exercises:
Attention: Do not use any html editing program like MS FrontPage . You must workon the codes yourself.
Course support: Paid students must send exercises to their tutor. Tutor will return correctedexercise to the student. Others can ask their questions in Support forumsin our web site.
1- Write a html page that uses lines with these styles in separate output lines:
italic and bolditalic and underlined bold and underlined
2- Make a web page with a banner text on it. Our banner is made of characters in increasing sizesto banner's middle and then decreasing size to its end. First character starts with the size 1,middle character size is 7 and last character size is 1 again. Banner text is "mylonglongname".
3- Write a html page with 9 separate lines in different colors. State color of each line in its text.
Course support : You can ask your course questions in Learnem supportforums .
Please support us by visiting our support forums and asking yourquestions and answering questions of others.
Registration: You can also register for paid web design email course. Ifyou register you will benefit from strong one to one student support,personal tutor, more facilities, discount for other courses, access tostudents area and many more. Course fee for web page design emailcourse is $15 only. Paid students will receive 13 advanced lessons inaddition to 7 general lessons. You can register for paid course at:
Course Registration Here
3-1 Line Breaks, Paragraphs
As we saw in previous lesson if we break lines in html code by simply inserting enter keys (newline characters) ,lines will not break in output result in browser. They will be printed in a single linein browser. We must use <BR> tag to do this as you used it in previous lesson.
You can also divide text using paragraphs. A paragraph starts on a new line with one blank lineafter previous line.Paragraph tag is <p> </p>
<p>First paragraph</p><p>Second paragraph</p>
You will nest other tags inside paragraph tag for fonts, styles and other tags that will be usedinside a paragraph.
There is another option in forming text that is using <PRE> tag. Text between <PRE> </PRE>tags will be displayed exactlyas it is typed in html source. Therefore you will not need <BR> tags to break lines. It is enough toenter text in separate lines with enter key (new line character) at their end.
3-2 Space between texts
Browser does not show more than one space between to words even if you have entered ahundred spaces between them in html source. If you want to enter more than one blank character between two words you will needto use a small code for this purpose. It is " " without the quotes.
<BODY>Here we insert 5 extra spaces.</BODY>
3-3 Paragraph alignments in your web page
You can determine how a paragraph will be aligned in a web page. You can align text in left, rightor center of a web page. To specify alignment for a paragraph you must use an extra parameterfor your paragraph tag.You can use one of these combinations:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 3-1</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><P ALIGN="left">You can align text in left.</P><P ALIGN="center">You can align text in center.</P><P ALIGN="right">You can align text in right.</P></BODY></HTML>
3-4 Indented Text
If you need a text that is indented from both sides of web page you can use <BLOCKQUOTE> tag.
Text that is enclosed in this tag will have a margin from left and right of your web page.
Example 3-2:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 3-2</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>We see block quotes here:<BR><BR><BLOCKQUOTE>In cases that you want to emphasis on a paragraph in your text you can use this tag. It will indent your text from both sides.</BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>
3-5 Images in your web page
In previous lesson you learned how to use an image as a background for web pages. It was
<BODY BACKGROUND="image.gif">
</BODY>
Here we want to learn how to add an image in a web page. Tag that will be used for this purposeis <IMG> tag.Actually we will need parameters for this tag that specify image file location, file name and otheroptional parameters.
Look at this example:
Example 3-3:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 3-3</TITLE></HEAD><BODY BACKGROUND="image1.gif"><B>This is an image:</B><BR><IMG SRC="abanner.gif"></BODY></HTML>
In this example I have used both a background image and an image between text.Also you mayhave noticed that this tag is also a single tag that does not need an ending tag.
If you want to show your image in a different size than its real size, you can specify its size asbelow.
Example 3-4:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 3-4</TITLE></HEAD><BODY BACKGROUND="image1.gif">This is an image:<BR><IMG SRC="abanner.gif" WIDTH=234 HEIGHT=30></BODY></HTML>
3-6 Alignment and border size for images
You can align image in your web page by inclosing it in a paragraph that is aligned as aligned toleft, right or center.
See example below
Example 3-5:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 3-5</TITLE></HEAD><BODY BACKGROUND="image1.gif">This is an image:<BR>
Some of options we use may not be supported on other browsers. As most of web surfers use "MSInternet Explorer" we will work around this browser.
3-7 Alternative text for images
Some web surfers may use browsers that do not support graphics. An example is lynx browserthat is used in Unix text environments. If you want to consider these users, you can enter a textas an alternative to each image in your web page. In this way image will be replaced by itsalternative text.
It is very easy. Just add an ALT parameter to <IMG> tag.
<IMG SRC="abanner.gif" ALT="Learning Online">
You see it does not cost too much.
3-8 Path of image file
In above examples, image file must be located in the same directory that html file is located.If ourimage file resides in other directory , we must add a relational path or a complete URL to thisimage.
See examples below:
<IMG SRC="images/abanner.gif"> Image is located in "images" directory below the directory thathtml file resides.
<IMG SRC="../abanner.gif"> Image is located in parent directory of the directory of html file.
3-9 End
In this lesson you learned more text formatting techniques. You also learned how to includeimages in your web pages.In next lesson we will learn about links, image links and more.
Until then I suggest you to start designing a web page using the knowledge you have from thesethree lessons.
Notice: You can find examples of this lessons in our website. There you must go to resourcessection and then click on "Web email course example page."
Exercises:
Attention: Do not use any html editing program like MS FrontPage . You must workon the codes yourself.
Course support: Paid students must send exercises to their tutor. Tutor will return correctedexercise to the student. Others can ask their questions in Support forumsin our web site.
1- Use left, right and centered paragraphs and block quote in a sample web page.
2- Write a complete html page code with an image centered on it with a border size of 10.
3- We have an image that its size is 100*200. We want the image to be half the size it is on ourpage. Write a complete web page that centers this image on it with a border size of 5.
4-
a. Write a <IMG> tag that uses an image file located 2directory levels upper than html file directory.
b.Write a <IMG> tag that uses an image file located in"image" directory located in one level upper thancurrent html file directory.
Course support : You can ask your course questions in Learnem supportforums .
Please support us by visiting our support forums and asking yourquestions and answering questions of others.
Registration: You can also register for paid web design email course. Ifyou register you will benefit from strong one to one student support,personal tutor, more facilities, discount for other courses, access tostudents area and many more. Course fee for web page design emailcourse is $15 only. Paid students will receive 13 advanced lessons inaddition to 7 general lessons. You can register for paid course at:
Course Registration Here
4-1 Links
Any object such as text, graphic images etc. that leads us to a new page on the web is called alink. Links can point to a page on our site or to a web page on another site.
In this lesson we will learn how to make links.
4-2 Text links
Creating a text link is an easy task. We will use <A> </A> tag to do this. As before we will needextra parameters fromthis tag. Look at example below :
Example 4-1:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 4-1</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><A HREF="http://www.yahoo.com">Click here to visit Yahoo</A></BODY></HTML>
Above code will create a link that clicking on it will send the user to Yahoo website. We have usedHREF parameter to specify destination web page. Text between <A> and </A> is link text which
In previous section we used a text as a link point. It is possible to use an image instead of text. Todo this, you must replace link text between <A> and </A> with an <IMG> tag that displays animage file.
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 4-1</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>Click on below picture to visit my homepage.<BR><BR><A HREF="http://www.angelfire.com/nt/sarmadys"><IMG SRC="me.gif"></A></BODY></HTML>
In above example clicking on picture will bring surfer to the address of <A HREF=".."> tag.
If you see the result in a browser you will notice a blue border around the picture. This blue borderais dded to image because it is a default for image links. If you don't want this border, use border=0parameter.
Example 4-2:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 4-2</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>Click on below picture to visit my homepage.<BR><BR><A HREF="http://www.angelfire.com/nt/sarmadys"><IMG SRC="me.gif"></A><BR><BR>Without link border : <BR><BR><A HREF="http://www.angelfire.com/nt/sarmadys"><IMG SRC="me.gif" border=0></A></BODY></HTML>
4-4 Email links
If you have surfed web for a while you have seen links that when you click on them your emailprogram starts a "compose new message" window that its receiver address is entered from webpage . This email address is the address you want email to be sent to.
Look at example below to see how you can make a link to an email address.
<BODY>Click on below link to send an email to me <BR>
It uses a "mailto:" string before desired email address to convert it into a link address.
If you want, you can use a subject for the email. This example will show you how to do this :
Example 4-3:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 4-2</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>Click on below link to send us your comments .<BR><A HREF="mailto:[email protected]?subject:comments about your site">Email Me</A></BODY></HTML>
Just know that some browsers and email programs do not support subject in email links.
4-5 Lists
There are times that you want to insert items related to a subject in list form in your web page.HTML provides you with tags to do this. <UL></UL> tags are first choice of these tags.
Example 4-4:
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Example 4-3</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>This is a list of subjects covered in this lesson :<UL><LI>Text Links <LI>Image Links<LI>Email Links<LI>List of Items</UL></BODY></HTML>
Result page will display list items in separate lines started with a small bullet. You see that wehave entered list items started with a <LI> tag between <UL></UL> tags. <UL> tag is a part oflist tags.
If you want the items to start with numbers instead of bullets, you must use <OL></OL> tagsinstead of <UL></UL> tags.
<OL><LI>Text Links <LI>Image Links
<LI>Email Links<LI>List of Items</OL>
Be sure to write down codes in a file and view it with a browser.
4-6 Horizontal Separator Rule
Another useful html tag that you will use, is <HR> tag. If you need to separate text in your webpage by horizontal lines , you may use this tag.
<BODY>First section<HR>Second section</BODY>
Result is two lines of text separated by a horizontal rule. You can specify parameters for horizontalrule. If you want to change width of rule you can use width parameter.
<HR WIDTH="50%"> width in percent<HR WIDTH="100"> width in pixels
You can also determine line size parameter to change line diameter.
<HR size=5>
It is obvious that you can mix parameters with each other.
Horizontal rule created by this tag is a line that has a shade. You can change the rule to a solid lineinstead of a shaded line, you can add a NOSHADE parameter.
<HR SIZE=1 NOSHADE>
You can also determine Color for your line:<HR color="#000000">
Above line will not have a shade and it is a solid line.
4-9 End
In this lesson you learned how to use text links, image links, email links, lists and horizontal rule.
Until now we have covered general HTML tags. In next lesson we will cover more. We will thenstart more advanced subjects such as tables, frames and forms in next lessons.
Now you must be able to design simple home pages. So why not start ?
Notice: You can find examples of this lessons in our website. There you must go to resourcessection and then click on "Web email course example page."
Exercises:
Attention: Do not use any html editing program like MS FrontPage . You must workon the codes yourself.
Course support: Paid students must send exercises to their tutor. Tutor will return correctedexercise to the student. Others can ask their questions in Support forumsin our web site.
1- Create a page with a link in it that points to yahoo site. Center the link in screen center. Usewhat you learned about paragraphs in previous lesson.
2- Change above example to use an image as a link that points to yahoo site. Remove blue borderaround the picture.
3- Insert both of the exercises above in a single page and separate text link from image link by asolid green line with 50% of the screen width.
4- Create a complete contact page (html code) for yourself. People visiting this page must be ableto send you comments about your homepage.
5- Create a complete web page that contains a numbered list of courses you are interested to findon the internet.
Course support : You can ask your course questions in Learnem supportforums .
Please support us by visiting our support forums and asking yourquestions and answering questions of others.
Registration: You can also register for paid web design email course. Ifyou register you will benefit from strong one to one student support,personal tutor, more facilities, discount for other courses, access tostudents area and many more. Course fee for web page design emailcourse is $15 only. Paid students will receive 13 advanced lessons inaddition to 7 general lessons. You can register for paid course at:
Course Registration Here
5-1 Tables
Table is a matrix like object that holds other objects such as text, images, buttons and etc.
Even if you don't see them they are present in all professional web pages. Hidden tables holdgraphic images and text in their places in these pages.
5-2 Drawing a table
To draw a table we will use <TABLE> tag. We will need two other related tags to make table rowsand columns. These are <TR> and <TD> tags.
<TR> tag is used to create a row in table. Data that will fit in a row will be enclosed in <TR></TR> tags.
Following example produces a table with two rows. We will need <TD> tag to create columns ineach row.
If you browse this code in a browser you may surprise. You will not see any table but two lines ofcode. In fact table is there but you cannot see it.
<TABLE> Tag will not make table borders. You must use a parameter to add borders to the table.You can specify a border width for a table by adding a border parameter to <TABLE> tag.
As you may guess default border size is 0. When we do not specify sizes for a table it will be in asize that it needs to be able to fit text or any other object that it will hold.
5-3 Specifying table sizes
You can specify width for a table both in percents of page width and in pixels.
You can specify table height too. In this way you can determine height and width of table. Widthand height of table will be divided between cells in rows and columns so if table width is 100 andthere are 2 columns then width of each cell will be 50.
Just pay attention to this important point that if you put a lot of text in a cell of a table it will beexpanded to fit the text in it.
5-4 Text alignment in table cells
By default text entered in a cell will appear at the left side of the cell. You can add either of theseoptions to <TD> tag to specify horizontal alignment of text.
<TD ALIGN=CENTER> or
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT> or
<TD ALIGN=LEFT>
As we saw, left alignment is default for cells.
You can also determine vertical alignment of text in a cell by adding VALIGN option to <TD> tag.
There are three values for VALIGN option : TOP, BOTTOM and MIDDLE. MIDDLE is default value ifyou do not use this parameter.
In this lesson you learned creating tables. Tables are one of important objects in web pages. Innext lesson you will learn more about tables.
And finally a question: Have you started designing web pages?
Now is a great time to start. You learn and you use what you learn immediately. This willguarantee that you learn everything you studied in this course. So start now !!
Notice: You can find examples of this lessons in our website. There you must go to resourcessection and then click on "Web email course example page."
Exercises:
Attention: Do not use any html editing program like MS FrontPage . You must workon the codes yourself.
Course support: Paid students must send exercises to their tutor. Tutor will return correctedexercise to the student. Others can ask their questions in Support forumsin our web site.
1- Create a 3*3 table. Insert a bold heading in top center cell. Then insert a title in left center andbottom cells.Then insert small texts in two right side center and bottom cells. We are trying to format text inweb pages using tables.
2- Create a 2*2 table. Insert an image file (small sized) in each cell of table. Adjust cell alignmentof each cell so that images gather at the center of the table sticking to each other.
Adjust table width to 50% of web page width and 200 pixels for its height.
Course support : You can ask your course questions in Learnem supportforums .
Please support us by visiting our support forums and asking yourquestions and answering questions of others.
Registration: You can also register for paid web design email course. Ifyou register you will benefit from strong one to one student support,personal tutor, more facilities, discount for other courses, access tostudents area and many more. Course fee for web page design emailcourse is $15 only. Paid students will receive 13 advanced lessons inaddition to 7 general lessons. You can register for paid course at:
Course Registration Here
6-1 Introduction
We started our study on tables in previous lesson and We will continue our study in this lesson. AsI told you in previous lesson, tables are very important in professional web design. You will needthem for holding pictures, buttons, text etc.
In this lesson we will cover more options about table cells, cell padding, cell spacing and finally wewill learn how to link different parts of an image to different locations on the web.
6-2 Cell Width (Column Width)
In previous lesson we learned how we can determine width and height of a table.
In above table we have not determined sizes for two cells in first row. In this way you will not beable to say how will these cells display in different browsers and different screen modes.
You can determine width of each column in your table by specifying width of cells in first row. Justbe careful about correctness of sizes you specify. For example if your table width is 200 pixels sum of cellwidths must be exactly 200.
When you determine sizes of first row cells you will not need to determine widths for second row
cells.
If you want a cell to be empty, you cannot omit definition for that cell. Insert cell definition, andenter a between <TD></TD> tags .As we told in later lessons this means a spacecharacter. You must enter at least a space in this form if you need an empty cell.Otherwise area ofthat cell will not apear like an empty cell.
In above example we have two empty cells but as we have specified both table and cell sizes,table will not lose it's shape. If we remove sizes, we cannot guarantee how it will be displayed ondifferent browsers and screen modes.
For the above reason we suggest you to determine table sizes in every table you use. Using fixedsizes is not a good idea. Use percent sizes instead of fixed sizes.
6-3 Cell padding
You can specify two other important size parameters for a table. Cell padding is the space betweencell borders and table contents such as text, image etc.
Default value for this option is 1. It means that contents of a cell will have a distance of one pixelwith borders. If you don't want any space between object inside the cells and its borders you candetermine the value of 0 for this option.
6-4 Cell spacing
Cell spacing parameter determines the space between inner and outer parts of a table. In fact atable is constructed form two borders . A border area and a cell area. There is a space betweencell area and outer border. We call this "cell spacing".
If you increase this value you will have a thick border. Default value for this property is 2. If youspecify 0 for it, you will have a very thin border.
You can also mix cell spacing and cell padding options to make specific tables that you need.
6-5 Tables and images
Sometimes you need an image that when users clicks on different parts of it they go to differentpages. In previous lessons you learned how to use an image as a link to another address or page.
In this special case you will need to cut your picture into as many parts as you need and insertthem in a table that holds image parts beside each other. Then you will link each image part to adifferent page.
You will also need to set both cell spacing and cell padding to the value of 0 to prevent the table tobe seen between image parts.
In this way users will see a single image but when they click on different parts of image they willgo to differentaddresses.
You can see an example of this technique in example page for this lesson on our site among otherexamples.
6-6 Working with graphic editing programs
As a web designer you need a graphics manipulation program.There are many professionalprograms in the market.
Photoshop is a very professional and powerful program but it is an expensive program. You canuse PaintShop Pro instead. This is another professional but easy program. You can even downloadlimited versions of this program from many download sites.
These programs will enable you to cut pictures into parts, add many effects on your graphics,decrease graphics size etc.
Now in this lesson you will need such a program. You must work with the program to increase yourexpertise with it. In this way it will be possible for you to make interesting images for your webpages.
In exercises of this lesson you must use sucha program to cut an image into four parts. It is astarting point. One side of web design art is graphics design. So start Now !
Notice: You can find examples of this lessons in our website. There you must go to resourcessection and then click on "Web email course example page."
Exercises:
Attention: Do not use any html editing program like MS FrontPage . You must workon the codes yourself.
Course support: Paid students must send exercises to their tutor. Tutor will return correctedexercise to the student. Others can ask their questions in Support forumsin our web site.
1- In previous lesson we asked you to create a 2*2 table with images inside each cell that gatherat the center of the table. As we did not know how to omit cell padding and cell spacing, imageparts had a little space between them. Rewrite that example in a way that picture parts stick toeach other so that the user can not realize that they are different images.
Cut a ready image to four parts with your desired graphics editing program. Then use these 4images for this exercise.
If you send your exercise to your tutor send pictures too. Also tell which program you are using forediting images.
2- Rewrite above example so that each part of image links us to a different page in your website.Use <A HREF=""></A> inside <TD></TD> tags.
Course support : You can ask your course questions in Learnem supportforums .
Please support us by visiting our support forums and asking yourquestions and answering questions of others.
Registration: You can also register for paid web design email course. Ifyou register you will benefit from strong one to one student support,personal tutor, more facilities, discount for other courses, access tostudents area and many more. Course fee for web page design emailcourse is $15 only. Paid students will receive 13 advanced lessons inaddition to 7 general lessons. You can register for paid course at:
Course Registration Here
7-1 Table background color
We can use background colors for tables in new browsers. You can specify background coloroptions inside <TABLE> tag.
In above example entire table will change to new color even table borders. You can also determinebackground color for each row of your table. If you want to do this, you must use BGCOLOR
You can even change color of individual cells by using BGCOLOR option in <TD> </TD> cell tags.
You can mix all above options to create your desired table.
In next example we will change color of first row to "#336699". Then we will change color of twocells in second row to "#66CCFF" and "#CCFFFF" respectively.
Sometimes you need to join two cells in a row to each other. For example in a 2*3 table we maywant to join two cells with each other . In this way we will have two cells in first row and three
cells in second row. Enter this html code in a file and browse it in your browser to see what iscolumn span.
Just be careful that when you have for example 2 cells in first row and first one uses column spanparameter COLSPAN=2 it means that it is equal to two cells. Therefore you must have three cellsin next row (three <TR> tags) or you may use COLSPAN to create cells that when you add them,it will be equal to previous row or 3 in this example.
7-3 Row Span
This time we want to join two cells in a column (from different rows). This is the same as previoussection with the difference that we will join cells from different rows rather than cells in differentcolumns. This time we must use ROWSPAN instead of COLSPAN.
Again you must be careful that when you have for example a cell in first column that you havejoined two cells to create it using the option ROWSPAN=2 then your table must have two rows andyou must take this in mind in next parts of your table. In above example we only entered two cellsin second row (started from second <TR> ) as first cell of first row has occupied first cell of thisrow too and we have only two cells left of 3 cells. Enter this example and browse it to see theresults.
You may want to mix these tags to create your custom tables however this is a complicated taskand you must work hard to gain needed experience with these tables.
7-4 Nested Tables
Yes we can nest tables in each other. If you are going to design complicated web pages you willalways do this. For example you need a table with border size of 3 in a specific part of a web page.To fix position of that table in your desired place you will need a table with border size of 0. In thiscase first table can be seen as its border size is 2 but second one will not be seen as you used itjust for positioning of first table.
In this example we have a 1*4 table. We want to hold our main table inside this table in its thirdcolumn so that our main table will be shown in right side of the center of the screen. Main tablehas a border size of 1 while first table is hidden.
7-5 You know tables now
Now you have learned table basics. You see what you learned about tables was not toocomplicated however writing a complicated tables is not very easy. You must work for a little tobe able to use them effectively. Tables are one of the most powerful features of html design soyou must be able to use their power correctly.
In next lesson we will start studying on Frames. Until then, you can use your free time to work ontables.
Notice: You can find examples of this lessons in our website. There you must go to resourcessection and then click on "Web email course example page."
Exercises:
Attention: Do not use any html editing program like MS FrontPage . You must workon the codes yourself.
Course support: Paid students must send exercises to their tutor. Tutor will return correctedexercise to the student. Others can ask their questions in Support forumsin our web site.
1- Create a 3*2 table (2 rows). Join its first row cells into one cell (3 cells). Second row has 3 cellsyet. Enter a heading in upper cell (First row) and enter three words in three cells in second row.
2- Rewrite above example so that first row cells have a specific color and each cell in second rowhas a separate color.
3- Create a table with 3 columns and 1 row. Now nest a 2*2 table in center of the screen usingprevious table so that first table is invisible but second one has a border size of 3 .
This is a list of subjects covered in this lesson :
Text Links●
Image Links●
Email Links●
List of Items●
You can align text in left.
You can align text in center.
You can align text in right.
We see blockquotes here:
In cases that you want to emphasis on a paragraph in your text you can use this tag. It willindent your text from both sides.
This is an image:
This is an image:
This is an image:
This text is boldWhile this one is Italicand this text is underlinedLook at this, this is both bold and italic
1This text is bold2This text is bold3This text is bold4This text is bold5This text is bold6This text is bold
7This text is bold
This text is in ARIAL fontThis text is in IMPACT font
This text is in red color.This text is in green color.This text is in blue color.
Hello World!
Welcome to our homepage. More text here.
Page with Back Color
Page with background image.
Siamak's Home , Tutorials , Source code and Sample Programs
Siamak Sarmady's HomePage
. Home
Links
Unix, NT,2000,Novell Professional
I am a programmer
Projects , Codes and Resources
Email Me
Infopath BBSHome
JGhostar Ltd
New-OS working group official home
Online Programmer.org
Welcome to my page . I don't know why are you here , but accept my welcome . I will be very delighted if my homepage be useful for you . Please do not hesitate to write me if you have any comments or questions .
Sample titles of my works and experiences will be here and will be updated every month from now .
Papers :
*Digital Circuits Simulation Techniques ( Farsi ) Shiraz University Electrical Engineering Student's Seminar and Amir Kabir Univ. Electrical Engineering Conference.
* DSIM Digital Circuit Simulator ( Farsi ) * Noro : Neural Network System
*Implementing TCP/IP RFC Protocols in your software - Shiraz university
*Blocking and none blocking sockets in Windows and Unix Programming
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