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Wednesday
Bell WorkGrab BooksGrab FoldersGrab Notes Outline from Back:
Answer in Folders (Task #1)Read opening box (pg.60)WHAT IS CULTURE? WHAT DOES IT
MEAN TO YOU? (leave room to answer again later)
What is Culture?
Refers to the beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that, together, form a people’s way of life
Two basic componentsNon-Material Culture
Intangible creations of human society (ideas)Material Culture
Tangible products of human society (things)
What is Culture
Cultures Role Two components describe a peoples way of life Also plays a role in shaping human personality
Culture Shock Occurs when an individual suffers personal
disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
Task #2 Read Thinking Globally pg.63: Answer
What is Culture
Only humans depend on culture to ensure survival What do all other animals (except some primates)
depend on? Natural Instincts
Culture is very recent and took a long time to develop as a strategy Human achievement set us on evolutionary course,
making culture the primary survival strategy Concept of culture is different
To concepts of nations (political entities) and societies (organized interaction of people)
Elements of Culture
All cultures have five common components: symbols, language, values/beliefs, norms, and material culture
Symbols Anything that carries a particular meaning
recognized by people who share culture Meanings can vary form society to society, w/in a
single society, and over time. Read Symbols (pgs. 64-66)
Lesson Closing
Task #3L-J#1
In your foldersWhat is culture now? What does it mean to
you?
Pre-Read
Pages 66-69
If you don’t finish, read on own
Bell Work: Get books and Folders
Should have Pre-Read pages 66-69 Task #4: Read/Answer What are the 5 elements of a culture? What are the 2 basic components of Culture? What occurs when a person suffers personal
disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life?
Task #5 Read/Answer Applying Soc in Folders
Elements of Culture
LanguageSystem of symbols that allows people to
communicate w/one anotherKey to Cultural transmission
Process by which one generation passes culture to the next.
Sapir-Whorf Thesis:People perceive world through cultural lens of
language.Look @ Global Map of languages
Values and Beliefs
ValuesCulturally defined standards by which
people judge desirability, goodness and beauty, and serve as broad guidelines for social living.
Beliefs (supported by values)Specific statements that people hold to be
true.
Task #6
Read Robin Williams Key values of cultureWrite them down in your folder. Then reflect on at least 3 that you either identify
the most with, or strongly disagree with.
Video on Cultural NormsPower Media Plus
Social Interaction in Everyday life
HW or during VideoAnswer 71-80 of T/F: Will be in pages 60-69
Lesson Closing
Bell Work
Get Books/Folders/Paper in backTask #7
Read/Answer Essay on page 41 of HO Morals in the U.S
Values and Beliefs
Values in Conflict Values w/in a society are often inconsistent and can
even oppose one another Task #8 “Don’t Blame Me” Outloud
Americans may be becoming increasingly unwilling to accept personal responsibility for their failings and misfortunes
Values Globally differ somewhat from high to low income countries in general. (3-2 pg.72) Low= often values of survival High= often values of individualism/self-expression
Norms
Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members
2 Types described by William SumnerMores: widely observed/morally significant
normsFolkways: Norms for routine/casual
interaction.
Norms
Social Control (Reward/punishment)Various means by which members of
society encourage conformity to normsCould be a weird look, nod of approval or
greater than either
Task #9: Lesson Closing
Complete Your Turn in folders on pg. 72But think of it in terms of our high-schoolAnd the social control factor that could play into
it. Have at least an example to share for one or the
otherRead 70-76: Up to Multiculturalism
Answer T/F 81-90Finish Video on Culture/Humor
Thursday Bell Work Bell Work: Get books/folders Culturally Defined standard that serve as broad guidelines?
Values Specific Statements that people hold to be true
Beliefs Norm that is widely observed; often moral….
Mores What is an example of social control when a person burps or farts in
a restaurant? People usually react likes they’re gross, and immature! How does the person then feel?
What is social Control Rewards/punishment a society uses to encourage conformity to norms
L-J #2
Material Culture
Material Culture reflects a society’s values and a society’s TechnologyTechnology
Knowledge that people apply to the task of living in their surroundings
What are some examples of how we’ve used technology to adapt to our surroundings?
Irrigation, harvesting techniques, cars, computers
Distinguishing
Sociologists Distinguish between ideal and real culture
1. Ideal Culture Social patterns that are mandated by
cultural values and norms
2. Real Culture Actual social patterns that only
approximate cultural expectations
Cultural Diversity: Many ways
Who is the most multicultural of all the industrial countries?U.S.
Cultural Diversity can even include social classes.
People often judge others activities in regards to two main patternsHigh CulturePopular Culture
Cultural Diversity
High Culture Cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite Examples of judgments?
Opera, “Theatre,” Ballet, etc. Popular Culture
Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population
Examples of judgments? Hip-hop, rock, sporting events
High culture is not superior to popular culture Often people just have different interests/tastes Which culture would play a violin….fiddle?
Subcultures Cultural patterns that distinguish some segment of
a society’s population Involve both differences and hierarchy People too often view “mainstream” culture what really
is those patterns favored by the powerful segments of the population
They also view the lives of disadvantaged people as “subculture”
Task #10: Your Turn pg. 75 Are hunting, skeet shooting, and ATV driving any less
cultural patterns than Aspen skiing, playing polo, and going to the opera?
That is what has led sociologists to Multiculturalism
Lesson Closing
Task #11Complete in the times on pgs. 76-77
Pre-Read pgs. 76-81 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDvLk7e2Irc T/F: 91-96; Have up through 96 done for tomorrow
Turn in Small sheet of paper with name on it that has: Person, or two, that you plan on contacting for your interview Their information, and your reasoning for interviewing them!
Friday Bell Work
Bell Work: Get Books/folders Answer these questions as Task #12 Cultural patterns that distinguish some segment of a
society’s population? Subculture
Cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite High Culture
Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population Popular Culture
T/F High culture is often superior to Popular culture False
Video
Multiculturalism
Educational program recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S. & promoting equality of all cultural traditions Euro centrism: Dominance of European cultural
patterns
Supporters argue that it helps us come to terms w/a diverse population and use that as a strength Often argue for Afro-centrism:
Dominance of African cultural patterns
Multiculturalism
Opponents Argue that it
encourages divisiveness over unity
People begin to evaluate ideas based on race/gender
Leading to judgments like “African experience” and “Asian experience”
Cultural Diversity
Counter Culture Cultural patterns that strongly oppose widely
accepted ones in a society
Cultural Change Promoted by three things: Invention, discovery, and
diffusion. Cultural integration: close relationship among
various elements of a cultural system. Cultural Lag: cultural elements (material/non)
change at different rates, causing disruption
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
EthnocentrismThe practice of judging another culture by
the standards of one’s own cultureLook @ pg. 81 Figure
Cultural RelativismPractice of judging a culture by its own
standards
Lesson Closing
L-J #3 : Dice GameVideo
The Way We Live: Common Ground: Culture
Read from book for MondayEthnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
Monday Bell Work Bell Work
Grab book/folder Answer Questions Dominance of European cultural trends
Euro-centrism Dominance of African cultural trends
Afro-centrism Stands in direct opposition of Euro-centrism
Multiculturalism Education program promoting equality of all cultural traditions
Multiculturalism Material things moving faster than nonmaterial things
Cultural lag Counter-Culture?
Cultural patterns opposite of widely accepted one’s. Finish: The Way We Live: Common Ground: Culture
Emergence of a global culture
Read A Global Culture? Pgs. 81-82Much evidence exists that suggests the
emergence of a global culture3 Key Factors that are promoting it
Global Economy: The flow of goodsGlobal Communications: Flow of informationGlobal Migration: Flow of people
Emergence of a Global Culture
Three LimitationsGlobal culture is more advanced in some
parts of the world than othersMany people cannot afford to participate in
the material aspects of a global cultureSatellite communication, air travel, etc.
Different people attribute different meanings to various aspects of the global culture.
Good and bad; different things learned from similar elements.
Tues
Bell Work Grab books/folders
Review: Task #13 3 Factors that promote global culture?
Global economy, communication, migration 3 Limitations of a global culture?
More advanced in some areas Many can’t afford material parts People attribute different meanings to it.
Practice of judging another culture by standards of own Ethnocentrism
Cultural patterns that strongly oppose widely accepted ones in a society
Counter-culture Practice of judging a culture by its own standards
Cultural Relativism
Theoretical Analysis of Culture
Attempting to understand how culture helps us make sense of ourselves and the surrounding world
Three Macro level approachesStructural FunctionalSocial ConflictSociobiology
Structural Functional
Sees culture as a complex strategy for meeting human needs
Considers values the core of a cultureValues direct our lives, give meaning to
what we do, and bring people togetherCultural Universals
Traits that are part of every known cultureEx: Family, funeral rites, joking
Structural Functional
StrengthsHelps show how culture operates to meet
human needsWeakness
Ignores cultural diversityDownplays importance of change
Social Conflict
Idea that any cultural trait benefits some members of a society at the expense of others
Rooted in MaterialismTies our cultural values of competitiveness
and material success to our country’s economy
Social Conflict
StrengthsSuggests that cultural systems do not
address human needs equally, allowing some to dominate others
This inequality pressures for changeWeakness
Understates the ways that cultural patterns integrate members of a society
Bell Work
Get books and foldersFinish Movie after Task 14Make sure you have your sociology
reading bookTask #14: Copy down Chart on page 85
Sociobiology
Theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture
Claim that the large number of cultural universals shows the fact that all humans are members of a single biological speciesBased on Darwinism and the process of natural
selection
Sociobiology
Critical ReviewStrengths
Has generated intriguing theories about biological roots of some cultural patterns
WeaknessesMay promote racism/sexism by claiming only
natural selection and other biological arguments of old
Research support is limited
Culture and Human Freedoms
Culture brings sociologists to one important questionTo what extent are human beings, as cultural
creatures, free?Two Views
Culture as constraintCulture as freedom
Culture and Human Freedoms
Two ViewsConstraint
Humans cannot live w/out culture, but the need for culture does have some drawbacks
Culture is largely habits, meaning we will repeat mistakes
FreedomCulture forces us to choose as we make and
remake a world for ourselves The more people understand the workings of culture
the better prepared we can be to use those freedoms