Original Settlers of Jamestown in 1606

Name Occupation

Master Edward Maria Wingfield Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll Captaine John Smyth Captaine John Ratliffe Captaine John Martin Captaine George Kendall

Councell

Master Robert Hunt Preacher

Master George Percie Anthony Gosnoll Captaine Gabriell Archer Robert Ford William Bruster Dru Pickhouse John Brookes Thomas Sands John Robinson Ustis Clovill Kellam Throgmorton Nathaniell Powell Robert Behethland Jeremy Alicock Thomas Studley Richard Crofts Nicholas Houlgrave Thomas Webbe John Waler William Tanker Francis Snarsbrough Edward Brookes Richard Dixon John Martin George Martin Anthony Gosnold Thomas Wotton, Surgeon Thomas Gore Francis Midwinter

Gentlemen

William Laxon Edward Pising Thomas Emry Robert Small Anas Todkill John Capper

Carpenters

James Read Blacksmith

Jonas Profit Sailer

Thomas Couper Barber

John Herd William Garret

Bricklayers

Edward Brinto Mason

William Love Taylor

Nicholas Skot Drum

John Laydon William Cassen George Cassen Thomas Cassen William Rods William White Ould Edward Henry Tavin George Golding John Dods William Johnson William Unger William Wickinson, Surgeon

Labourers

Samuell Collier Nathaniel Peacock James Brumfield Richard Mutton

Boyes

Jamestown Rediscovery found at http://apva.org/rediscovery/page.php?page_id=31

Our men were destroyed with cruel diseases . . . but for the most part they died of mere famine. . . . Thus we lived for the space of five months in this miserable distress. . . . It pleased God after a while to send [the Virginia Indians] which were our mortal enemies to relieve us with . . . bread, corn, fish, and flesh in great plenty, which was the setting up of four [weak and starving] men; otherwise we had all perished. Also, we were frequented by [many] kings in the country bringing us [supplies] to our great comfort.

George Percy, “Observations Gathered Out of a Discourse of the Plantation of the Southern Colony of Virginia by the English, 1606,” as quoted in Haile, pp. 99–100. http://www.history.org/History/teaching/enewsletter/volume5/images/Jamestown/jamestown_quotes.pdf

John Smith left Jamestown to explore and map the Chesapeake Bay region and search for badly needed food supplies. Due to bad government and near chaos, Smith was eventually elected president of the local council in September 1608. He instituted a policy of rigid discipline, strengthened defenses, and he encouraged farming with this admonishment: "He who does not work, will not eat." Because of his strong leadership, the settlement survived and grew during the next year. Unfortunately, Smith was accidentally injured by a gunpowder burn and had to return to England for treatment in October 1609, never to return to Virginia.

Jamestown Rediscovery found at http://apva.org/rediscovery/page.php?page_id=25

The wedding of Pocahontas with John Rolfe Digital ID: (digital file from original print) pga 03343 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pga.03343 Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-pga-03343 (digital file from original print) LC-USZ62-5258 (b&w film

copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Mr. George Yearly now invested Deputie Governour by Sir Thomas Dale, applied himselfe for the most part in planting Tobacco, as the most present commoditie they taine yearley could devise for a present gaine, so that every man betooke himselfe to the best place he could for the purpose: now though Sir Thomas Dale had caused such an abundance of corne to be planted, that every man had sufficient, yet the supplies were sent us, came so unfurnished, as quickly eased us of our superfluitie. To relieve their necessities, he sent to the Chickahamanias for the tribute corne Sir Thomas Dale and Captaine Argall had conditioned for with them.

Captaine Nathaniel Powell, William Cantrill, Sergeant Boothe, and Edward Gurganey, 1616. Found online at Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/colonial/virginia/staple.html

Dreams of Riches

“I tell thee golde is more plentiful there than copper is with us. . .. Why man all their dripping pans and their chamber pottes are pure golde; . . .and as for rubies and diamonds, they goe forth on holy dayes and gather them by the seashore to hang on their children’s coates and sticke in their capes.”

~ Description of Virginia from Eastward Ho!, a popular London play, 1605.

Davidson, J. W., and Lytle, M. E. (2005) After the fact: The Art of Historical Detection.

(A)a charnel house “where there are the tombs of their kings and princes”; (B) a place for prayers; (C) a dance ground; a place to meet after celebrations; (E) two fields of tobacco; (F) a hut where guards are posted to keep birds and animals away from the corn; (G) a field of ripe maize and (H) a field of newly planted maize; (I) a garden of pumpkins; (K) a place for a fire during “solemn feasts”; and (L) a nearby river that supplied water to the village.

Secotan, an Algonquian Village, ca. 1585.

The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History found online at http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/american-indians/resources/secotan-algonquian-village-ca-1585

Realities of Jamestown

“Of five hundred within six months after Captain Smith’s departure, there remained not past sixtie men, women and children, most miserable and poore creatures; and those were preserved for the most part, by roots, herbes, acorns, walnuts, berries, now and then a little fish. . . yea even the skinnes of our horses. . . . [S]o great was our famine, that a Savage [Native American] we slew and buried the poorer sorte took him up again and eat him. . . . [I]t were too vile to say, and scarce to be believed, what we endured.”

~A survivor’s record of the Starving Time in Jamestown, October 1609 to March 1610.

Davidson, J. W., and Lytle, M. E. (2005) After the fact: The Art of Historical Detection.