2014 Core Science- BIOLOGY-

YOU & GENETICSLearning concepts

(page)Slide number

Booklet tasks

complete

“myelearning” tasks (Access Code:task name without

any spaces)

Complete

Human traits (pg2) 2-14 yr10 Core Variation in organismsOrganisation of DNA in Chromosomes (pg4)

15-27 (no task)

Inheritance (pg5) 28-45 (no task)

DNA (pg5) 37-45 yr10 Core The nucleus as a store of genetic material

DNA molecule of life (pg7)

46-57 (no task)

Properties of DNA (pg11)

58-73 (no task)

Genes, alleles and protein expression (pg11)

74-82 yr10 Core Gene as a structural and functional unit of DNA

Offspring (pg22) 83-94 yr10 Core Inheritance of blood groupsyr10 Core Mutations as a source of variation in organisms

Genetic conditions (pg30)

90-94 yr10 Core Genetic diseases

Beneficial phenotypes & survival (pg31)

95-106 (no task)

Evolution- how did we get here. (pg32)

107-113 yr10 Core Charles Darwin and the theory of Evolutionyr10 Core Human Evolution

GMO-decisions we make (pg34)

114-120 yr10 Core Genetic Modification of Organismyr10 Core Genetic Engineering and its application in Biotechnology

DNA to the MAX Incursion- CSIRO Assessments:

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Genetic disorders Assignment Test- based around key biological concepts and investigating scientifically SAC style assessment on CSIRO experience 4th-5th March On going “Mastery Grid” Skills

All copies of booklets and additional materials are available on (http://sbcyear10corescience.weebly.com) (password SBCCORE) or the yr10 Science Moodle.

Human Traits

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Complete the following at home with your parents

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Organisation of DNA in ChromosomesUse the following link to create a normal human karyotype and a second for a person with a chromosomal abnormality. Take a screen shot of your second karyotype and answer the following questions. http://www.biologycorner.com/karyotype/index.html

Questions:Second Karyotype

1. How many chromosomes does a normal person have?2. How many pairs of sex chromosomes?3. How many pairs of autosomes?4. Describe how you can tell two chromosomes are a homologous pair.

5. Describe how you might be able to tell if a person has a chromosomal abnormality.

6. How is your second Karyotype different to a normal Human Karyotype.4

InheritanceTwins videos-For each episode record five questions, two easy (what, state, define), two medium (describe) and one challenging (explain).

DNAUse the following link to complete the below worksheet http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/

Genetics – Tour the Basics

Go to the following website

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/

Click on the heading ‘What is DNA’. Listen and read the explanation and answer the following questions.

1. Where in the cell are the ‘instructions’ on the cells function found?2. Where is the DNA stored?3. What does DNA stand for?

In the areas indicated label each of the sections from the following list,ADENINE GUANINE BASE PAIRTHYMINE CYTOSINE HYDROGEN BONDNITROGENOUS BASE SUGAR PHOSPHATE BACKBONE

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4.5.

4.Copy the DNA sequence into the line.

A T G

T A C

If G always pairs with C and A always pairs with T, write the second line of the DNA sequence.

5. What do the sequences of DNA do (i.e. what do the ‘sentences’ do?)?

Click on the heading ‘What is a Gene?’. Listen and read the explanation and answer the following questions.

1. What is a gene?

2. What do genes do?

3. What do the proteins do? Provide an example.

Click on the heading ‘What is a Chromosome?’ Listen and read the explanation and answer the following questions.

1. What are chromosomes?2. How many pairs of chromosomes does each human cell have?3. Which sex chromosome do males have?4. Which sex chromosomes do females have?5. Sketch the karyotype (arrangement of chromosomes) for a mosquito?

Click on the heading ‘What is a Heredity?’ Listen and read the explanation and answer the following questions.

Enter the relevant number of chromosomes into the diagram below.

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Click on the heading ‘What is a Trait’. Listen and read the explanation and answer the following questions.

1. What is a trait?

2. What are the three main types of traits?

3. Give an example of a genetic trait and an environmental factor that has affected a trait.

4. What is an allele? Give an example.

5. If a person has two of the same alleles for a trait they are described as _________________?

6. A person who has two different alleles for a trait is described as ________________?

7. The allele that is masked is called the _______________ allele.

8. How is a child’s traits determined?

DNA Molecule of lifeThe DNA race. How many bases can you match in 45 seconds?? Use this link to find out http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/builddna/

1st 45 seconds:___________________2nd time:__________________________3rd effort: ________________________4th shot:__________________________

Questions:1. Who improved the most in the class?

2. What was the dependent variable?

3. What was the independent variable?

4. Without using the word “fair” describe why each test was 45 seconds.

5. Make a bar graph to present your individual results. Insert below.

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DNA model building – using the DNA kits follow the below instructions and complete the questions.

Questions

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DNA Extraction PracticalIntroductionDNA is present in the cells of all living organisms. This procedure is designed to extract DNA from kiwi in sufficient quantity to be seen and collected. Because DNA exists inside of cell and ultimately inside of the nucleus proteins must be denatured to locate the DNA. There are different proteins that form the membranes of the organelles and that allow DNA to coil so that it can fit inside ofthe nucleus. This activity is ideal for students to work in pairs, but each student will have a tube of DNA at the end.

Pre lab question1.One way to purify a molecule is to get rid of everything but that molecule. If we want to isolate DNA from kiwifruit, what do we have to get rid of?

Materials· ziplock bags· jar or beaker that fits strainer or funnel strainer or funnel· cheese cloth (cut to cover the funnel)· ice water bath (a large mixing bowl works well)· extraction fluid (detergent, meat tenderizer) · kiwifruit· cold 95% ethanol or isopropanol· small test tubes (1 per student)

Method1. Get 6 pieces of kiwi and put them in a ziplock bag.2. Add 20 ml of extraction solution to the ziplock bag. Make sure the bag is closed without much extra air. Mush the kiwi thoroughly but carefully so the bag doesn’t break, for about 5 minutes. 4. Cool the kiwi mixture in the ice bath for a minute. Then mush the kiwi more. Cool, then mush. Repeat this several times. 5. Filter the mixture through the cheesecloth. All the groups can combine their mixtures at this point, to filter together. 6. Dispense approximately 2 ml of kiwi solution into each test tube, one for each student.7. Being careful not to shake the tubes, add approximately 2 ml of cold 95% ethanol to each tube. 8.Take a look at your tube.

Questions1. What does mushing the kiwi do?

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2. What do you think the extraction solution is? What does it do to the kiwi?

3. What is being filtered out? What is going through the filter?

4. What do you think the ethanol does? Why do we want it cold?

5. What do you see in the top portion of the liquid?

6. Take a photo of the DNA and insert below and annotate.

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Properties of DNAInvestigated the how DNA negative charge allows it to be sorted. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/gel/ Summarise this animation into a six step flow chart.

Genes alleles and protein expression

Genotypes and Phenotypes- Gribblets worksheet

The Gribblets are a race of beings who live on the planet Gribbo. They look strange, but their genetics follow the same patterns as those of humans on Earth.We are going to study four of their physical characteristics (phenotypes). These are:1. shape of body2. length of arms3. size of ears4. hairThe genotypes (genetic composition) and phenotypes are shown below:

Q1) What is meant when the genotypes are shown in upper case or lower case?

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Q2) Complete the table by showing the phenotype and genotype for all four characteristics then answer the questions below:

BODY shape ARM length EAR shapeIndividual Phenoty

peGenotype Phenotype Genotype Phenotype Genotype

Round body

oohomozygous recessive

Short arms llhomozygous recessive

Small ears bbhomozygous recessive

BODY shape ARM length EAR shapeIndividual Phenoty

peGenotype Phenotype Genotype Phenotype Genotype

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Q3) Which Gribblets have identical phenotypes?

Q4) Do the individuals mentioned in question 3 have the same genotypes for the traits illustrated?

Q5) What conditions would be needed for seemingly identical twins?

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Predicting offspring- punnet squares, performing crosses

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Genetic Conditions

Review the following sites before selecting your topic for your below assignment.http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/chromosomal/http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/counselors/http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/screening/

GENETIC DISORDER ASSIGNMENTSelect one of the following disorders:

Achondroplasia HaemophiliaColour Blindness Huntington’s ChoreaCystic Fibrosis Klinefelter SyndromeDiabetes Mellitus Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne’s)Down Syndrome Phenylketonuria (PKU)Dwarfism Sickle Cell DiseaseFragile X Turner’s Syndrome

or any other genetic disorder approved by your teacher.

Your task is to construct a keynote/powerpoint presentation to inform prospective parents of the chances of their children inheriting the selected genetic disorder. Your final mark will be determined by the assessment of your presentation together with the bibliography.

The following points must be included in your presentation:

1. Briefly describe the disorder. Include characteristics, symptoms, age of onset and any relevant ethnic information. Do NOT list every symptom or characteristic. Include only the most relevant and important points.2. Discuss how the genetic disorder is inherited. You could include diagrams (eg, karyotypes) here.a. Is it an autosomal inheritance or is it sex-linked?b. Is the disorder a result of a mutation?c. Is the disorder a result of too many or too few chromosomes?3. Describe how the disorder is diagnosed. Can it be diagnosed before birth?4. Describe the prognosis for individuals with this disorder. Are there any medical treatments available? What is the average life expectancy? Are there genetic tests available? 6. What is the current research focus or gene therapy (if any) for this disorder? 7. Include any other interesting facts about the disease.8. You must also include a full bilbliography to be submitted on the day of the presentation.

Basic Developing Accomplished Exemplary Score/31

Biblio-graphy sheet

NOT SATISFACTORYRe-submission required

NOT SATISFACTORYRe-submission required

At least 5 quality resources used and cited correctly(1)

At least 8 quality resources used and cited correctly (2)

Answers to Questions

Information presented but lack relevant

Concise and correct information presented with an interested format (9-12)

Concise and correct information presented with an interested format

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information (0-8) and with a high level of relevance. (12-16)

Key terms Key terms identified and used (1)

Key terms identified and used. Some defined or explained (2)

Key terms identified and used. All defined or explained, and mostly used in context (3)

Key terms identified and used. All defined or explained, and used in the correct context (4-5)

Images and annotations

Little use of pictures and no annotation (0-1)

Some pictures used (at least 3). Pictures do not include annotation or lack clarity (2-3)

A good selection of pictures used (at least 3). Pictures all annotated (4)

Extensive use of pictures to support information. All pictures appropriately annotated (5)

Concluding statement

NO conclusion (0)

Demonstrates basic understanding of concepts of genetics (1)

Demonstrates sound understanding of concepts of genetics (2)

Demonstrates good understanding of concepts of genetics (3)

Beneficial phenotypes and survivalFrom the following link “variation, selection and time” choose 2 additional sections and write a short description including two annotated pictures. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/selection/

Section 1- Artificial vs. Natural Selection- prepare a comparative table

Section 2-

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Section 3-

Evolution-how did we get here?Watch evolution videos and complete the below questions.

Journey of Life- Human Life Part 1

1. Where does the term “hairless ape come from”?

2. Homo sapiens closet living relative are chimps. How similar are we genetically?

3. Who is more closely related, African and Indian elephants or Humans and Chimpanzees?

4. What is term given to animals that walk on two legs?

5. Is evolution fast or slow?

6. What did walking on two legs allow our ancestors to do?

Journey of Life- Human Life Part 2

1. Why can we tie shoe laces and chimps can’t?

2. What is a “savannah”?

3. Why did your ancestor’s brain start to increase in size?

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4. What was a predator of our ancestors 1-3 million years ago?

5. What evidence is there to show our ancestors were attacked by big cats?

Journey of Life- Human Life Part 3

1. Why did our ancestors live in larger social groups?

2. How much bigger did our brains get during this time of social interactions?

3. What is the trade off/disadvantage for having a big brain and walking on two legs? Explain using the modern female body shape.

4. How did evolution assist with this disadvantage?

5. What did the pig’s jaw being found in an early human’s grave tell us?

Journey of Life- Human Life Part 4

1. What change to our body allowed us to develop language?

2. What is one of the main advantages of language in terms of learning a new skill?

3. Why shouldn’t you “talk with your mouth full”?

4. How is cultural evolution different from biological evolution?

Journey of Life- Human Life Part 5

1. What was the effect of the volcano Toba on earth?

2. How many people were believed to have survived the volcano and its aftermath?

3. Why is swapping gifts an important ritual between people of different villages?

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4. What was the next step after talking that allowed humans to communicate ideas and knowledge?

Genetically Modified Organisms

Genetically Modified Foods- GMO- Video Questions

What each of the clips and answer the below questions1. Tick the foods you eat or use:

Lamingtons, canola oil, papaya, cotton, tomatoes

2. What do you think genetically modified foods mean?

CLIP 2: GM beg1. What does genetically modified food mean?

2. How did plant breed in the past change the genetic material of plants?

3. Why is crop diversity important?

4. What caused the potato famine in Ireland?

5. In the 1950’s how was the DNA of plants altered?

6. How does genetic engineering get new DNA into a new plant?

7. What foods do you eat that have been genetically modified?

CLIP 1: foodfacts

1. How much food does the average Australian throw out each year?

2. How much food each year is lost to floods and pests in Africa?

3. What was the world population in 2011?

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4. What is the expected world population by 2050?

5. How many people are staving in the world as stated in the video?

6. What do you think there will be enough food to feed everyone?

CLIP 4: GM science1. What do critics of GM say about the foods?

2. What is an insecticide?

3. What does the insecticide do to the grub that eats the plant?

4. Would the food that effects a grub also effect you?

5. What does antibiotic resistance mean?

6. Is traditional farming natural in your opinion?

7. Should the people who are making the GMO food, do the testing to see if it is safe?

8. What was one reason GM crops are being developed?

CLIP 5: Watch the clip

1. What are 2 arguments for GM foods?

2. What are 2 arguments against GM foods?

Extension: Watch clip 3

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