Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia ii
WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Acknowledgements• ThefollowingNRMOfficers:PeterMichelmore,JoelHorn,SandyCummins,KymHaebich,PaulGillen,RussellNorman,AntonKurray,TonyRichman,MichaelWilliams,AlanRobins,RoryWiadrowski,IggyHonan,TonyZwar,GregPatrick,GrantRoberts,KevinTeagueandPhilElson.
• ThefollowingRuralSolutionsSAConsultants:AdrianHarveyandJohnPitt.
• WeedSocietyofQueenslandInc.fortheirpublicationWeedsofSouthernQueensland.
• TheNSWDepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesfortheirpublicationNoxiousandenvironmentalweedcontrolhandbook–aguidetoweedcontrolinnon-crop,aquaticandbushlandsituation.
• TheEnvironmentProtectionAuthorityfortheirpesticideuseguides.
Compiled byBenShepherdBiosecurityConsultantRuralSolutionsSA
NRM BiosecurityPhone:0883039620Fax:0883039555Email:[email protected]:www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity
©SouthAustralianGovernment2013
Requestsandenquiriesconcerningreproductionandrightsshouldbeaddressedto:BiosecuritySAGPOBox1671AdelaideSA5001
ISBN978-0-9875872-0-6printISBN978-0-9875872-1-3pdf
DisclaimerUseoftheinformationinthishandbookisatyourownrisk.PrimaryIndustries&RegionsSouthAustralia,BiosecuritySAandtheiremployeesdonotwarrantormakeanyrepresentationregardingtheuseorresultsoftheuseoftheinformationcontainedhereinasregardstoitscorrectness,accuracy,reliability,currencyorotherwise.Theentireriskastotheresultsfromtheimplementationoftheinformationwhichhasbeengiventoyouisassumedbyyou.AllliabilityorresponsibilitytoanypersonusingtheinformationisexpresslydisclaimedbyPIRSA,BiosecuritySAandtheiremployees.
UsersofagriculturalchemicalproductsmustalwaysreadtheregisteredlabelandanyrelevantAPVMApermitbeforeusingaproduct,andcomplyfullywiththelabeldirectionsortheconditionsofthepermit.
Contents
Index to ReCommended heRbICIdes foR deClaRed plants of south austRalIa _____________ 01
about thIs book _________________________________ 03
the plants InCluded In thIs book ____________________ 04
heRbICIde use ____________________________________ 06
Weed ContRol methods ___________________________ 12
non-herbicide control methods ___________________ 13
herbicide control methods _______________________ 15
ReCommended heRbICIdes foR deClaRed plants of south austRalIa _____________ 17
RefeRenCes _____________________________________ 97
useful WebsItes _________________________________ 97
ImaGe CRedIts ___________________________________ 98
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 01
african boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) Wons _______________________ 18
african feathergrass (Pennisetum macrourum) ________________________ 19
african lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) ______________________________ 20
african rue (Peganum harmala) __________________________________ 22
aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) __________________________________ 22
alkali sida (Malvella leprosa) ____________________________________ 23
alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) aW _____________________________23
athel pine (Tamarix aphylla) Wons ________________________________ 24
azarola (Crataegus sinaica) _____________________________________ 25
bathurst burr (Xanthium spinosum) ________________________________ 26
bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) Wons _________________________ 27
bifora (Bifora testiculata) _______________________________________ 28
blackberry (Rubus fruticosus sp. agg) Wons _________________________ 28
bladder campion (Silene vulgaris) _________________________________ 30
boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) Wons _______________________ 31
bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) Wons _______________________ 32
bridal veil (Asparagus declinatus) Wons ____________________________ 33
broad-kernel espartillo (Amelichloa caudata) aW_______________________ 34
broomrapes (Orobanche spp. – O.ramosa, O. cerbua var cernua, O. aegyptiaca, O. minor) aW _____________________ 35
buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) ___________________________________ 36
bulbil watsonia (Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera) _____________________ 37
Cacti (prickly pear/ Wheel cactus and other Opuntia spp. – except O. ficus-indica) Wons ___________________________________ 38
Calomba daisy (Oncosiphon suffruticosum) __________________________ 39
Caltrop (Tribulus terrestris) ______________________________________ 40
Cane needlegrass (Nassella hyalina) aW ____________________________ 41
Cape broom (Genista monspessulana) _____________________________ 42
Cape tulip (one and two leafed) (Moraea flaccida and Moraea miniata) _______ 43
Cat’s claw creeper (Dolichandra unguis-cati) Wons _____________________ 44
Chilean needlegrass (Nassella neesiana) Wons _______________________ 45
Common lantana (Lantana camara) Wons ___________________________ 46
Coolatai grass (Hyparrhenia hirta) _________________________________ 47
Creeping knapweed (Rhaponticum repens) ___________________________ 48
Cutleaf mignonette (Reseda lutea) ________________________________ 49
dodder (Cuscuta spp.) aW ______________________________________ 50
dog rose (Rosa canina) ________________________________________ 51
english/scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) Wons _______________________ 52
eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spictum) aW ______________________ 53
false caper (Euphorbia terracina) _________________________________ 53
field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) ______________________________ 54
field garlic (Allium vineale) ______________________________________ 55
fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) Wons _________________________ 55
Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) Wons __________________________ 56
Gorse (Ulex europaeus) Wons ___________________________________ 56
hoary cress (Cardaria draba) ____________________________________ 57
horehound (Marrubium vulgare) __________________________________ 59
horsetail (Equisetum spp.) aW ___________________________________ 60
Innocent weed (Cenchrus incertus and C. longispinus) ___________________ 61
khaki weed (Alternanthera pungens) _______________________________ 62
lagarosiphon (Lagarosiphon major) aW _____________________________ 62
leafy elodea (Egeria densa) aW __________________________________ 63
lincoln weed (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) ________________________________ 63
madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) Wons ____________________________ 64
may or hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) ____________________________ 65
mesquite (Prosopis spp.) Wons aW ________________________________ 65
Index to ReCommended heRbICIdes foR deClaRed plants of south austRalIa
Wons – Weed of national significance
aW – alert Weed
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 02
mexican feathergrass (Nassella tenuissima) aW _______________________ 66
muskweed (Myagrum perfoliatum) ________________________________ 67
noogoora burr complex (Xanthium strumarium sp. agg.) _________________ 67
nutgrass or sedge nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus) _______________________ 70
olive (Olea europaea) – excluding cultivated trees ______________________ 70
parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) Wons aW ________________________ 71
parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) aW __________________________ 72
perennial ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) ________________________________ 72
perennial thistle (Cirsium arvense) ________________________________ 73
pheasant’s eye (Adonis microcarpa) _______________________________ 74
pink pampas grass (Cortaderia jubata) ______________________________ 74
plumerillo (Jarava plumosa) aW __________________________________ 75
poison buttercup (Ranunculus sceleratus) ___________________________ 76
primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana) aW ____________________________ 77
sagittaria (arrowhead) (Sagittaria graminea) Wons _____________________ 78
salvation Jane (Echium plantagineum) ______________________________ 78
salvinia (Salvinia spp.) Wons aW _________________________________ 80
senegal tea plant (Gymnocoronis spilanthoides) aW ____________________ 80
serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) aW ___________________________ 81
silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) Wons ___________________ 82
skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea) _________________________________ 83
slender thistle (Carduus tenuiflorus) _______________________________ 84
soldier thistle (Picnomon acarna) _________________________________ 84
soursob (Oxalis pes-caprae) _____________________________________ 85
spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare) ___________________________________ 86
sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa) ____________________________________ 87
texas needlegrass (Nassella leucotricha) ____________________________ 88
three corner jack (Emex australis) _________________________________ 89
three cornered garlic (Allium triquetrum) ____________________________ 89
three-horned bedstraw (Galium tricornutum) _________________________ 90
toetoe (Cortaderia richardii) aW __________________________________ 90
Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum) ______________________________ 91
Water caltrop (Trapa natans) aW __________________________________ 92
Water dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides) ___________________________ 93
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Wons aW _______________________ 93
Water soldier (Stratiotes aloides) aW _______________________________ 94
Wild artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) _______________________________ 94
Willows (Salix spp.) Wons ______________________________________ 95
Yellow burrweed (Amsinckia spp.) _________________________________ 96
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 03
this book provides information on how to control south australia’s declared plants. the first section of the book provides information regarding declared plants, weed control methods and the important legal, environmental and ohW&s considerations when using herbicides for weed control.
the second section is a table of recommended herbicide options, rates and application methods for south australia’s declared plants. these recommendations were compiled with assistance from people with experience in controlling south australia’s declared plants including natural Resource management officers, bush regenerators and agronomists. Various resources were also drawn upon including fact sheets, interstate weed control guides and herbicide labels and permits.
the recommendation table lists plants in alphabetical order by their common name. herbicide active ingredients(s) are then listed in alphabetical order for each plant along with the recommended application rate, method and timing; the herbicides mode of action and general comments regarding the recommendation. note that one example product name has been included for each herbicide, there are often several products for the same herbicide and users should shop around for the best product with the correct active ingredient(s).
all herbicide recommendations listed in the table are registered or permitted for use by the agricultural pesticides and Veterinary medicines authority (apVma). users should refer to the label or permit for specific details about the situation within which the herbicide can be used. In the recommendation table registered uses are labelled ‘registered’ and permit numbers (e.g. peR 1234) are provided for permitted uses.
IMPORTANT: the herbicide recommendations provided in this book should be considered a guide only and users of agricultural chemical products must always READ THE LABEL before using a product and strictly comply with the directions on the label and/or conditions of any permit.
about thIs book
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 04
Declared plantsdeclared plants are plants that are regulated under the Natural Resources Management Act 2004 due to their weed threat to south australia’s primary industries, natural environments and public safety. the minister for sustainability, environment and natural Resources may declare a weed when some of the powers of the act are needed to implement the regional nRm boards’ strategic plans to manage the weed. plant species are declared under various provisions of the act relating to:
• Movement – the declared plant must not be moved on a public road (e.g. as a cutting, seed or potted specimen). Inadvertent movement of the plant on animals, soil, vehicles, machinery or produce may also be prohibited.
• Sale – the declared plant must not be sold at any outlet including nurseries, pet shops and market stalls. sale of any animal, soil, vehicle, machinery or produce contaminated with the plant may also be prohibited.
• Notification – the presence and locations of the declared plant must be reported to the local nRm board by the owner of the land.
• Control – landowners are required to take action to destroy or control certain declared plant species present on their property. nRm boards are also responsible for controlling these declared plants on road reserves, and may have the power to recover costs of control from the adjoining landowners.
some or all of these provisions apply to each declared plant depending on the region where the plant occurs.
land owners, including the Crown, are responsible for the control of declared weeds on their own land. the nRm boards are responsible for co-ordinating weed control in each region; they are also responsible for controlling declared weeds on road reserves, and may recover the costs of this work from the owners of adjoining land. local Councils are responsible for all other weed control work on road reserves.
the responsibilities of land owners and others also include preventing the inadvertent movement of declared plants on livestock, soil, vehicles, machinery or produce.
the plants InCluded In thIs book
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 05
Weeds of National Significance (Wons)Included in south australian declared plant list are relevant Weeds of national significant (Wons). Wons have been identified as national threats due to their invasiveness, economic and environmental impacts. these weeds are denoted as ‘Wons’ in the recommendation table.
Alert Weedsalert weeds are also included in south australia’s declared plant list. alert Weeds are high threat species that, should they enter the state, have the potential to invade and cause significant economic and environmental impacts. all people should be on the lookout and report alert Weeds to their local nRm authority. alert weeds may also be Wons weeds. these weeds are denoted with ‘aW’ in the recommendation table.
Importance of Early Interventionall weed management has costs, and these are paid by the community. Weed management benefits the community in terms of production and asset protection.
prevention of entry is the most cost-effective form of weed control; eradication of a new introduction is also good value. Containment may have worthwhile returns on investment when a weed with high impacts is still absent from vulnerable lands.
after this stage, decisions on control effort are made by land managers according to value of the asset and the impact of the weed.
Weed absent
Small number of localised populations
Rapid increase in distribution and
abundance, many populations
Weed widespread and abundant throughout its potential range
Time
Area
occ
upie
d
Entr
y of
w
eed
Economic returns
1:100Prevention
1:25Eradication
1:5-10Containment
1:1-5Asset based protection
Asset based protection
Containment
Eradication
Preventionbased on information from Invasive plants and animals policy framework, department of primary Industries Victoria, www.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/protecting-victoria-pest-animals-weeds/invasive-plants-animal-policy
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 06
heRbICIde useHerbicide registrationagricultural chemical products must be registered by the australian pesticide and Veterinary medicines authority (apVma) in accordance with the Agricultural and Veterinary Code Act 1994 (aGVet code) and the Agricultural & Veterinary Chemicals Administration Act 1994. In south australia the main legislation controlling the use of agricultural and commercial pesticides is the Agricultural and Veterinary Products (Control of Use) Act 2002 (aGVet Control of use act) and the Agricultural and Veterinary Products (Control of Use) Regulations 2004 (aGVet Control of use Regulations). this legislation is administered and enforced by pIRsa.
Registered products have labels that provide instructions on safety, use and disposal as well as identifying the active constituents and other ingredients of the product. labels also outline the pests, crops and situations where the herbicide may be applied. In certain situations the apVma may issue a minor use permit for use of a herbicide in a situation not specified on the label. permits need to be applied for and will have specific conditions and expiry dates that must be adhered to.
following label or permit instructions ensures that herbicides are used effectively and do not have a negative impact on the environment, health, safety and trade. It is an offense to use unregistered pesticides unless you have a permit. to search for registered and permitted products visit the apVma on line database at: services.apvma.gov.au/PubcrisWebClient/welcome.do
the use of herbicides in a manner that varies from the label instructions is called off-label use. In south australia limited off-label use is allowed for activities deemed low risk. In these situations:
• You may use a pesticide at less than the label rate of application.
• You may use a pesticide less frequently than advised on the label.
• You may use a pesticide to treat a pest not mentioned on the label as long as the crop is specified and you follow all other label conditions.
• If there are no instructions for the use of the product on a crop in south australia, then the product may be used on that crop if it is listed for another state. the product must not be used at a higher rate or frequency than listed for the crop in the other state, and must not be used if the label specifies that it is not for use in south australia.
Herbicide toxicitymany herbicides are hazardous chemicals toxic to humans and other living things and their inappropriate use can cause harm. Where possible choose herbicides with a low toxicity to humans and animals. the degree of toxicity of a herbicide is outlined on the label as a poison schedule. poison scheduling is the national system used to classify substances based on their potential health risks.
When using herbicides personal protection equipment (PPE) must always be worn to avoid contact with and absorption into the body. the degree of ppe required may depend on the application method and the herbicide’s toxicity; however, users should always wear:
• pVC or nitrile gloves,
• eye protection,
• a respirator (with a filter appropriate to the level of toxicity), and
• clothes, a hat and boots that cover the whole body.
for higher risk herbicides more ppe and additional precautions may apply, including wearing a full face respirator and chemical resistant overalls.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 07
HERBICIDE POISON SCHEDULINg
SIgNAL HEADINg SCHEDULE DEgREE OF HAzARD
no signal heading required;‘keep out of the reach of children’ only
unscheduledlow toxicitynot considered poisons however they may be capable of causing minor adverse effects to human beings in normal use.
‘Caution’ schedule 5slight degree of hazardhave a low toxicity or a low concentration and pose a low to moderate hazard. they are capable of causing only minor adverse effects to human beings in normal use and require caution in handling, storage or use.
‘poison’ schedule 6moderate degree of hazardhave a moderate to high toxicity which may cause death or severe injury if they are ingested, inhaled or come in contact with the skin or eyes.
‘dangerous poison’ schedule 7high degree of hazardhave a high to extremely high toxicity which can cause death or severe injury at low exposures. they require special precautions in their manufacture, handling or use and are too hazardous for domestic use or use by untrained persons.
by law, schedule 7 chemicals must not be sold to or be used by persons who have not completed appropriate training (e.g. ChemCert or equivalent) and shall not be used in domestic settings.
Herbicide spray driftspray drift of fine spray droplets away from the target area can cause off-target damage to plants, aquatic environments and humans. all herbicides are capable of drift; however the extent and damage caused by the drift will depend on the amount of drift, type of herbicide used and the susceptibility of the non-target plants and animals.
all users have a moral and legal responsibility to prevent herbicides (and other pesticides) from drifting and contaminating or damaging neighboring properties and off-target species.
spray drift can result in chemical trespass, the term used to describe the trespass of chemicals to off-target properties, crops or the environment that causes:
• actual or potential contamination of land, animals or plants outside the target area.
• actual or potential harm to human health and safety (within or outside the target area).
• actual or potential environmental harm (within or outside the target area).
Chemical trespasses are reported to biosecurity sa who will trigger an investigation and appropriate response to the incident. penalties can apply.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 08
How to avoid spray drift and chemical trespassWhere possible choose herbicides that are selective to the weed, are the least toxic to humans, animals and the environment, and pose the least threat to surrounding off target plants.
prior to spraying:
• Check for nearby sensitive areas such as houses, schools, riparian (waterway) areas and susceptible crops/ pastures,
• notify neighbours of planned herbicide treatments,
• Check the anticipated weather conditions and do not spray if windy, still, humid or hot conditions are forecast during spray activities, and
• Read and follow the label drift reduction recommendations.
during spraying:
• Carefully monitor weather conditions and the drift hazard
• do not spray when temperatures exceed 28°C
• do not spray under still or very windy conditions
• suitable wind speeds for spraying are 7-10km/h (a light breeze)
• do not spray after 11am in summer to avoid midday turbulence and
• do not spray during low relative humidity conditions,
• maintain a downwind buffer from neighboring properties/paddocks,
• do not spray upwind of sensitive areas,
• spray when temperatures are less than 25°C,
• minimise spray release height (as low to the ground as possible),
• always use the least volatile formulation of herbicide, and
• use nozzles and spray settings that produce a minimum proportion of small, drift-prone droplets (e.g. lower pressure, large droplets and higher spray volume).
for more information on chemical trespass and spray drift management go to the Rural Chemicals section on the pIRsa website www.pir.sa.gov.au.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 09
Herbicide use near waterwaysmany herbicides are toxic to aquatic ecosystems. plants, invertebrates, amphibians and fish may be harmed when herbicides contaminate a body of water. Inappropriate use of herbicides may also cause significant risks to human health where water is pumped from a bore for domestic use, or flows to a reservoir. herbicides can enter water bodies either directly through spray or spray drift, or they can move into water bodies via surface water run-off or leaching and sub-surface draining.
When planning to undertake weed control within or adjacent to a water body, the use of herbicides should be avoided where practical - can the use of biological control, mowing, slashing or hand removal be employed instead of herbicides?
If herbicides must be used near waterways choose products registered for use in aquatic areas, for example some glyphosate products. always read the label carefully.
herbicides more appropriate for use near waterways will have the following characteristics:
• low eco-toxicity,
• nil or low volatility at all temperatures to reduce spray drift potential,
• low water solubility to reduce potential for leaching to groundwater,
• high soil absorption co-efficient to reduce potential for leaching into groundwater,
• a short half-life.
because of the sensitivity of aquatic environments, it is recommended that only trained, licensed contractors carry out spraying operations near water bodies. however, if you feel you can select the appropriate chemical, apply it according to best practice and avoid environmental or personal harm, then the following points are critical.
Important points to remember when applying herbicides near aquatic areas• use only herbicides registered for use near waterways and always read
and follow the label directions carefully,
• Where possible use methods that avoid the need to spray herbicides e.g. cut stump and stem injection,
• never spray herbicides over a water body!
• When you are working near the edge of a water body, direct the spray away from the water body where possible,
• spray only to the extent of covering foliage with droplets,
• spray when weather is calm; strong winds may carry herbicide drift into water bodies.
• use a flat fan nozzle and a low pump/spray pressure to reduce the likelihood of spray drift, and
• do not spray when rainfall is forecast within six hours as herbicide can be washed off the pest plant and run off into aquatic ecosystems.
for more information about control of weeds near waterways refer to Safe and Effective Herbicide Use: A handbook for near-water application produced by the environment protection authority.
www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Water/Other/pesticide_water.pdf
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 10
Herbicide mode of action and herbicide resistanceherbicides act by interfering with specific processes in plants; this is known as the herbicides mode of action. different herbicides may have the same mode of action and herbicides with the same mode of action are grouped from a to Z – see table below for examples. the herbicide group is clearly shown on each product label.
HERBICIDE gROUPS AND MODE OF ACTION
HERBICIDE gROUP LABEL – MODE OF ACTION
HERBICIDE
M Uncoupling (Membrane disruption) glyphosate
I Inhibition of DHP (dihydropteroate) synthase
triclopyr; picloram, dicamba; mCpa; 2,4-d; clopyralid, fluroxypr and others
B Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS (acetohydroxyacid synthase AHAS)
chlorsulfuron; flumetsulam; imazapyr; imazethapyr; metsulfuron-methyl; triasulfuron and others
C Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystembromoxynil; hexazinone; tebuthiuron and others
A Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)
fluazifop-p; cyhalofop butyl and others
L Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose) synthesis diquat; paraquat
Z Unknown msma
herbicide resistance is the inherent ability of weeds to survive a herbicide that would normally control them. herbicide resistant plants are present in weed populations at low frequencies. these resistant individuals do not become apparent until a herbicide with the same mode of action is used repeatedly and the resistant weeds are allowed to survive, set seed and multiply while susceptible plants are killed.
If herbicide resistance develops, other herbicides (with a different mode of action) or other control methods (non-chemical) will need to be used. once herbicide resistance occurs it will persist for many years.
to minimise the chance of herbicide resistance it is important to use a range of weed control methods and alternate between different herbicide groups. for further information, please see the Weedsmart website www.weedsmart.org.au.
Herbicide compatibilityusing more than one herbicide in a herbicide mix can be an effective method of controlling hard to kill weeds or kill a broader range of weeds; however not all herbicides are compatible. When using more than one herbicide in a mix, users must ensure they are compatible. Compatible herbicides will be listed on the product label.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 11
Herbicide adjuvantsan adjuvant is any additive added to a herbicide that is intended to improve its effectiveness. there are many adjuvants available that help herbicides to adhere to and penetrate the weed (see table below) however the most commonly used ones are surfactants (also known as wetters), penetrants and dyes. only ever use adjuvants that are compatible with the herbicide chosen; these will be listed on the herbicide label.
Adjuvants which enhance product efficiencySurfactants/Wetters/Spreaders –enhanceadhesiontoandspreadingofspraydropletsontargetsurfacesbyreducingthesurfacetensionofthepesticideformulationandimprovingcoverage,suchas;
• Non-ionicsurfactants–non-reactive,i.e.theydonothaveanegativechargeorapositivecharge;theyremainontheleafoncedryandallowrewettingafterrain,permittingadditionalpesticideuptake
• Anionicsurfactants–negativecharge
• Cationicsurfactants–positivecharge
• Amphotericsurfactants
• Organo-silicatesurfactants
• Acidifiedsurfactants.
Stickers–increaseadhesionofpesticidestotargetsurfaces.
Penetrants–improvethetransferofactiveingredientsfromthetargetsurfacetointeriortissues.
Extenders–enhancetheamountoftimetheactiveingredientremainstoxicbyincreasingresistancetoenvironmentaldegradation.
Humectants–increasethedensity/dryingtimeofanaqueousspraydeposit.
Adjuvants which improve ease of applicationAcidifying/buffering agents –agentsadjustthepHofalkalineoracidicwaterandminimisedecompositionofthepesticidethroughalkalinehydrolysis.
Anti-foaming/de-foaming agents –reduceorsuppresstheformationoffoaminthespraytankpreventingfoamoverflow.
Compatibility agents –permitthemixingofdifferentagrochemicalsbypreventingantagonismbetweendifferentingredientsinthespraysolution.
Drift control agents –altertheviscoelasticpropertiesofthespraysolutionyieldingacoarserspraywithgreatermeandropletsizes.
Dyes –commonlyusedforspotorboomsprayingherbicidestodetectmissedspotsoravoidsprayingaplantorareatwice.
Water conditioners –preventreactionbetweenhardwaterionsinspraysolutionsandsuppressformationofprecipitatesorsalts.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 12
there are a number of methods available to treat weeds and choosing the most suitable option will depend on:
• the aim of the control,
• the scale of the problem,
• the resources available,
• time constraints, and
• the situation and location of the weeds.
herbicides alone should not be relied upon for weed control; instead, an integrated Weed management (IWm) approach should be taken. Integrated Weed management (IWm) combines appropriate weed control options including physical removal, chemical control, biological control and cultural control to achieve effective long term control.
TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL WEED CONTROL
Prevention is cheap• Ensurevehicles,machinery,livestockandproducedonotcarryweedseeds.
• ReportsalesofdeclaredplantstoBiosecuritySA.
• Payparticularattentiontoalertweeds–mosthaveyettobecomeestablishedinSA.
Find weeds early• Gettoknowplantsinyourarea/onyourpropertyandquicklyidentifyanddealwithnewthreats.
Watch your spread• Takemeasurestocontainweedinfestationsandpreventfurtherweeddispersal.
Plan your controls• Obtaininformationaboutmanagingyourtargetweed.
• Mapinfestations.
• Treatweedswhentheyareyoung.
• Usetherecommendedcontrolmethod.Minimisedamagetonon-targetplants.Establishandpromotecompetingvegetation.
Undertake follow up control• Continuefollowuptreatmentsoverseveralyears.Someplantsmayhavebeenmissed,somemaynothavediedandnewseedlingsmayemerge.
Weed ContRol methods
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 13
Minimising weed spreadone of the commonest ways in which weeds are spread is via vehicles and mobile machines that have travelled through an infested area.
the easiest way to prevent weed spread is to thoroughly clean vehicles and machinery before leaving a site. the most effective cleaning options include:
• air blast hard-to-reach spots such as cavities and joints while the vehicle and any contaminants are still dry.
• Wash the vehicle down using a low or high pressure cleaner, or a spray tank and pump. a commercial car wash will also remove the majority of weed seeds. Clean the vehicle from the top down. spray the tyres and move the vehicle forward to ensure the whole tyre is clean.
• Vacuum inside the cab to remove contaminants.
• use a brush or scraping implement to remove contaminants such as burrs and clods of mud from tynes or tyres.
also consider
• using detergents to assist the removal of grease, dirt and mud, which may contain weed seeds.
• Clean the undercarriage, springs and axles of trailers.
• for boats, check the floor and sides, propellers, anchor wells, cooling system inlet, bilges and bait wells.
• Clean footwear and remove weeds seeds from socks and other clothing.
• use the same site for cleaning and monitor it regularly for weeds.
Contaminated material must be disposed of in a way that ensures all weeds and seeds removed cannot spread or grow.
NON-HERBICIDE CONTROL METHODSHand pullinghand pulling is an option where there are a small number of plants with tap roots that are not too deep. It is suitable for seedlings, herbaceous weeds and some grasses. When hand pulling, ensure the majority of the tap root has been removed and take measures to minimise soil disturbance. If the plant has the ability to vegetatively reshoot from fragments or has mature seeds attached, carefully pull, bag, remove and destroy the plants appropriately, taking care not to spill seeds along the way.
grubbing and/or digging outthis method involves digging weeds out using a mattock, spade or hoe and is suitable when there are a small number of plants. Grubbing and digging out can be useful for weeds that have their growing points at ground level or below the surface of the ground such as weeds with corms, bulbs, rhizomes, clumped or fibrous root systems and grasses. this method involves removing all the above and underground parts of the plant (including bulbs, corms, etc) to prevent any part of the plant from regrowing. often a great deal of soil disturbance can result from this method and follow-up monitoring for new germinations or regrowth is required. for some plants the above or underground parts of the plants (bulbs, corms etc) will need to be carefully removed from the site and disposed of appropriately.
Mechanical control methodsmechanical control refers to the removal or manipulation of weeds using power tools or machinery and is usually used for large, dense infestations. Commonly employed methods include:
• using a slasher or mower to reduce weed growth and restrict flowering at critical times of the plant’s lifecycle.
• using a tractor to blade plough woody weeds out of the ground and destroy their root system.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 14
• In a cultivated paddock, using a tractor and disc plough to sever roots and/or bury weeds.
• using a mulcher to turn woody weeds into a thick mulch layer which is spread back over the area to suppress regrowth and new germinations.
• using a mechanical weed puller attached to a tractor to pull woody weeds out of the ground.
mechanical control using heavy machinery (such as bulldozers) can result in a great deal of disturbance and may increase erosion, damage native vegetation and/or promote weed seed germinations. When considering the use of heavy machinery ensure that it is suited to the situation.
FireIn some situations fire can be a useful method to reduce weed biomass, clear an area for follow-up chemical control and, for some fire sensitive species, destroy the plant altogether. areas that have been burnt need to be monitored to ensure desirable species re-establish and weed species are suppressed through follow-up control.
some weeds such as buffel grass may actually benefit from fire. If the area contains rare or endangered species, or desirable species not adapted to fire, fire may destroy these plants and their seed bank. If undertaken in the wrong season, burning may result in a hot fire and lead to long-term damage or increased erosion. the use of fire as a weed management tool must therefore be used with extreme care.
before any planned burn, all necessary permissions must be obtained from the local Council, native Vegetation authority and the south australian Country fire service.
CompetitionCompetition using planted or regenerating native plants or pastures is an essential part of long-term weed management. encouraging and maintaining cover of desired species will suppress weed growth, flowering and weed seed production by reducing access to available sunlight, nutrients and moisture.
on grazing land, managing grazing pressure to avoiding patches of bare ground are key preventative strategies for weed management. Weeds will typically invade overgrazed, high traffic areas where the ground is bare. maintaining sustainable grazing pressures and moving stock regularly can ensure that weeds are less likely to find places to colonise.
Biological controlplants introduced into australia usually arrive without the natural enemies that kept their populations in check within their natural range. Without these natural enemies these introduced plants are able to rapidly reproduce and spread, becoming weeds.
biological control is the use of a weed’s natural enemy, such as insects, mites or pathogens (bacteria or fungi), which affect the health of the weed by either feeding or parasitising on it. usually, the biological control agents come from the country of origin of the weed. a well known example was the release of the Cactoblastis moth to control prickly pear in Queensland in 1926 – within 6 years the moth virtually eliminated all major stands of prickly pear. biological controls are not usually this successful but serve as an important tool to limit the growth and spread of the target weed and hence reduce the cost of other control methods.
It is critical that biological control agents introduced into australia do not become pests themselves therefore, prior to introduction rigorous testing is done on the agent to ensure it is specific only to the target weed they are intended for.
examples of biological agents established in south australia include: the crown weevil on salvation Jane; the spider mite on gorse; the plume moth on horehound; a leaf rust fungus on blackberry; the leaf buckle mite on boneseed; a leaf hopper, a rust and a leaf beetle on bridal creeper; and many more. Current information about these agents can be found in Ivory and mantel (2013), A Guide to Biological Control in South Australia.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 15
grazingIn grazing situations stock will usually choose more palatable species over less palatable weeds such as scotch thistle and salvation Jane; however, spraying some weeds with the correct herbicide at the correct time of year increases their palatability to stock. this method, known as spray grazing is used in pastures to suppress weed populations making pasture species more competitive.
HERBICIDE CONTROL METHODS
Foliar spray the foliar spray method involves spraying the foliage of the target plant, usually to before the point of run-off (i.e. until each leaf is wetted but not dripping) with a hand gun or boom spray. this method is suitable for herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses and vines where complete coverage can be achieved. foliar spray can be done in a number of ways depending on the nature of the weed, the size of the infestation and the presence of off-target plants.
Boom spraying involves the use of a boom spray unit attached to a vehicle (4Wd or tractor) to spray large areas of dense infestations or spray weeds within crops and pastures where selective herbicides can be used to kill the undesirable weeds and not the crop or pasture. boom spray is suitable for control of weeds up to 1m in height.
Spot spraying usually involves the use of either a hand held spray unit with a pneumatic pump or vehicle mounted spray unit with electric or petrol powered pump. the herbicide mix is delivered to the foliage of the plant via a hand gun. spot spray is useful for weeds at low to high densities or weeds within desirable vegetation where the user can minimise off-target damage through careful application.
Splatter gun method is a form of foliar spray where a splatter gun is used to apply a low volume of concentrated herbicide mix to foliage. a specialised nozzle produces a solid stream of large droplets of herbicide that can be applied from a distance of 6-10m away. only a small portion of the foliage needs to be sprayed so non-target damage can be minimised. this technique is particularly useful in areas of difficult access and where water supply is limited.
Wiper ApplicationWiper application is used for control of weeds including tufted grasses that grow higher than a crop or pasture species. the method involves applying herbicide solution to an absorbent surface, such as a length of rope or wick. the wetted surface is then used to wipe herbicide over the weed. the wetted surface is usually attached to a small boom and passed over pastures at a certain height to contact weeds that grow higher than the pasture species.
Cut stump methodthis method is useful for vines, multi-stemmed shrubs and medium to large trees, and even for some large herbs such as arum lily. the term cut and swab is also often used to describe this method. the main stem(s) or trunk(s) are cut off at their base by chainsaw, axe, brush cutter or machete and the stump immediately (within 10-15 seconds) sprayed or painted with herbicide mixture to the point of run-off. It is necessary to apply the herbicide promptly before the plant begins to seal the cut preventing penetration of the herbicide into the sap stream. the stump should be cut as close to the ground as possible. for some species care must be taken to remove cut branch fragments off and away from areas of moist soil such as a creek bed, swamp or low lying area where they may regenerate.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 16
Stem inject methodthis method applies to woody trees and shrubs with a single stem and trunk diameter of 5-10cm or greater. It involves cutting or drilling into the bark and injecting herbicide into the sap stream.
Frill and fill method uses a narrow-bladed axe (5-7cm wide) to make a horizontal cut the width of the blade at an angle of about 45 degrees through the bark of the tree into the sap stream in the trunk. It is important not to make cuts too deep. the herbicide is then immediately applied (within 3 seconds) into the cut.
Drill and fill method uses a cordless drill to drill (with a 9mm drill bit) 4cm holes around the base of the tree into the sapwood. holes should be about 4cm deep (or deeper for trees with thick bark), angled down at 45 degrees and at 5-10cm intervals. herbicide is then immediately (within 3 seconds) injected into the hole. It is necessary to inject the herbicide quickly before the plant seals the cut, thus barring the chemical penetrating the sap stream.
for cactus species a sheep drenching needle (or equivalent) is used to inject a measured dose of herbicide into the stem of the plants.
Basal bark methodthis method is used to treat saplings and multi-stemmed shrubs and regrowth with a basal diameter of less than 5cm. the herbicide, usually mixed with diesel at label rates, is applied to all sides of every stem from ground up to a height of around 30cm. stems should be dry, free of fire charring and not have debris (e.g. from floods) accumulated around them.
Scrape and paint methodscrape and paint is used for vines (e.g. blackberry) where it is desirable to leave the vine intact or in sensitive areas such as native vegetation where it is desirable to minimise risks to off-target species. a sharp knife is used to scrape a thin layer of bark from a 15-30cm section of stem. herbicide is then immediately applied to the exposed sap tissue.
Pellet or granular soil application methodthis method can be used to treat isolated outlying plants that are not easy to treat using other methods. herbicide pellets are evenly applied to the soil under the target weed from the stem out to 30cm beyond the canopy drip line. pellets should not be thrown at the base of the tree trunk – this will waste material and could result in poor control. the herbicide acts by moving into the root zone of the weed following rain and from there it is absorbed by the roots.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 17
ReCommended heRbICIdes foR deClaRed plants of south austRalIa
When using herbicides it is important to consider a few key factors that will increase effectiveness and reduce risks to users and non target plants. these factors are:
• apply herbicide only when plants are actively growing,
• do not apply herbicides when the plant is under stress, e.g. extreme heat or cold, drought, water-logging or disease,
• do not spray when wet or windy weather is anticipated,
• use herbicides only in situations specified on the label.
IMPORTANT: the herbicide recommendations provided in this book should be considered a guide only and users of agricultural chemical products must always READ THE LABEL before using a product and strictly comply with the directions on the label and/or conditions of any permit.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 18
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) Wons
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted to 1:5 none
Cut stump – note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
July-sept When actively growing.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100lsurfactant or penetrant
spot spray July-septRepeat application will be required. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) + triclopyr (600g/l)
Roundup® + Garlon® m, I 333ml + 33ml/1l penetrant Cut stump Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b 1l + 10g/100l surfactant or penetrant
spot spray/ cut stump
July-septprior to berry set and leaf fall.
after good rains. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 and peR 10117
glyphosate (540g/kg) Credit® I 470-670ml/100lWetter (e.g. bonus®)
spot spray July-septRepeat application will be required. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. use lower rates on seedlings and higher rates on large mature bushes.
Registered
picloram (20g/kg) tordon® Granules I 35 to 45g/m2 none Granular application suitable for isolated outlying plants only. do not apply if boxthorns are near native vegetation or desirable plants.
Registered
tebuthiuron (200g/kg) Graslan® C2g per square meter
none Granular application peR 10518 (exp.2018)
triclopyr (240g/l) + picloram (120g/l)
access® I 1l/60l diesel nonebasal bark or cut stump
Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel nonebasal bark or cut stump
Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 170ml/100l none spot spray July-sept plants up to 2m. Registered (tas only)
Bios
ecur
ity S
A
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 19
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
African feathergrass (Pennisetum macrourum)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 3l/ha surfactant boom spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 300ml/100l surfactant spot spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m3l + 300-500ml/ha
surfactant boom spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m300ml + 260ml/100l
surfactant spot spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 20
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m500ml + 260ml/10l
surfactant Wiper
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 4.8l/ha surfactant boom spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m800ml/100l water
surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.6l/10l water surfactant Wiper non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 1.5-3l/ha surfactant boom spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 9l/ha surfactant boom spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
Registered (tas and Wa only)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 21
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 150-300ml/100l surfactant spot spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper Jan-mar
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m1.5-3l + 300-500ml/ha
surfactant boom spray Jan-mar
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m150-300ml + 270ml/100l
surfactant spot spray Jan-mar
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 4.8l/ha surfactant boom spray Jan-mar
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1.3l/100lsurfactant (spray oil)
spot spray Jan-mar
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 800ml/100lsurfactant or penetrant
spot spray Jan-mar
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 22
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.6l/10l surfactant Wiper Jan-mar non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
manual Removal Grub individual plants
Jan-mar
African rue (Peganum harmala)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted Cut stumpWhen actively growing
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l surfactant spot spray
When actively growing before flower
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis)
Cut - usually no herbicide required
Cut anytimeCut as close to the ground or below the lowest branch. Regrowth usually does not occur.
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted none drill and fill peR 13371 (exp.2017)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 23
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Alkali sida (Malvella leprosa)
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 3.5l/ha none boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. soil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops. prior to flowering.
Registered
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I150ml/100l water
none spot spray soil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops. prior to flowering.
Registered
Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) aW
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup® biactive m 10ml/1l none spot spraysummer-winter
seek advice from an nRm authority. suitable for use in waterways. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster ® duo m 10ml/1l surfactant spot spraysummer-winter
do not apply surfactant if using near water.non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 24
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
manual removal hand pull or dig out with machinery – seek advice from an nRm authority.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 10g/100l surfactant spot spraysummer-winter
apply in terrestrial situations only. follow up application over at least 2 years will be required. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered (nsW, Qld only)
Report Report occurrences to the regional nRm authority.
Athel pine (Tamarix aphylla) Wons
fluroxypyr (333g/l). starane®advanced I 1l/100l surfactant spot sprayspring-autumn
Young plants less than 50cm tall.peR 9936 (exp.2015)(nt)
triclopyr (240g/l) + picloram (120g/l)
access® I 1l/60l diesel nonebasal bark/spot spray
anytime Young plants 0.5-2m tall. permitted
triclopyr (240g/l) + picloram (120g/l)
access® I 1l/60l diesel none Cut stump anytimemedium to large trees. ensure cut branches are removed from the river bed and placed up on higher ground where they will not reshoot.
permitted
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel nonebasal bark/spot spray
anytime Young plants from 0.5-2m tall.peR 9937 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/60l diesel noneCut stump/basal bark/spot spray
When actively growing
medium to large trees. peR 9936 (exp2015)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/100l surfactant spot sprayWhen actively growing
Juvenile athel pine from 0.5-2m tall. peR 9936 (exp2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 25
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Azarola (Crataegus sinaica)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted none Cut stump peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b 800ml + 3g/100l penetrant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b800ml + 10g/100l
penetrant + surfactant (spray oil)
spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (540g/l) Roundup® powermax m 660-870ml/100l penetrant spot sprayapply from flowering to leaf fall
use higher rates for plants larger than 2m. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
triclopyr (240g/l) + picloram (120g/l)
access® I 1l/60l diesel noneCut stump/ basal bark
anytime medium to large trees. Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 170ml/100l penetrant spot spray nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 26
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Bathurst burr (Xanthium spinosum)
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I
Rate depends on crop type and crop stage – refer to label
Refer to label boom spray
before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping – refer to label
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 560ml-1.7l/ha Refer to label boom spray
before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non-agricultural areas. When plants are young.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I
17-22ml/10l kevan says too low should 500ml/100l
surfactant spot spray
before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. spray seedlings only.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) Roundup® m 1.5-2.5l/ha surfactant boom spray
before flower and burr formation
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. fallow or prior to planting a crop or pasture.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) Roundup® m 1l/100l surfactant spot spray
before flower and burr formation
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + ally® m,b 1l + 7g/100l surfactant spot spray
before flower and burr formation
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate-trimecium (480g/l)
touchdown® m 700ml/100l surfactant spot spray
before flower and burr formation
Can be used within orchards, vineyards and established trees provided a directed or shielded spray or wiper is used. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 27
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
mCpa (340g/l) + dicamba (80g/l)
banvil®m I 2.8-4l/ha none boom spray
before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. spray seedlings, use higher rates on larger plants or plants in late flower.
Registered
mCpa (340g/l) + dicamba (80g/l)
banvil®m I 190-270ml/100l none spot spray
before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. spray seedlings, use higher rates on larger plants or plants in late flower.
Registered
mCpa (750g/l) agritone®750 I 1.35l/ha surfactant boom spray
before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. effective on young seedlings only.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 5 or 7.5g/100l surfactant spot spray
before flower and burr formation
seedlings or before early flowering. use higher rate when plants are beyond early flowering or add glyphosate.
Registered (nsW only)
Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) Wons
ReportReport occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa, and seek advice.
fluroxypyr (333g/l) starane®advanced I 300ml/100l surfactant spot spray non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, rights of way, forests and pastures. thoroughly cover both foliage and stems to the point of runoff.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 10g/100l penetrant spot spray non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, rights of way, forests and pastures.
Registered (Qld only)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 28
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Bifora (Bifora testiculata)
carfentrazone-ethyl (400g/kg) + mCpa (750g/l)
affinity force® + agritone®750
G,I100ml + 330ml/ha
none boom spray In cereal crops – refer to label. Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean® b 25g/ha surfactant boom spray Wheat, barley, oats, triticale and cereal rye only. do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
imazethapyr (700g/l) spinnaker 700WG® b 70-100g/ha surfactant boom spray pre-emergence in faba beans, field peas. Registered
Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus sp. agg.) Wons
biological control agents Leaf rust fungus (Phragmidium violaceum) suppression only.Consult your regional nRm board.
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1-1.3l/100l none
spot spray – do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
nov-apr
suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Repeat applications will be required.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted noneCut and paint the canes – paint brush applicator
suitable for outliers, small infestations or sensitive areas.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 29
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 250ml-1l/1l none
Cut stump – note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
suitable for outliers, small infestations or sensitive areas. Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b800ml + 10g/100l
penetrant spot spray nov-aprnon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (835g/kg) + metsulfuron-methy (10g/kg)
trounch brush-pack® m,b 173g/100l none spot spray nov-aprapply from flowering until prior to leaf yellowing. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster®duo m 1l/1l none Cut stump non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 10g/100lsurfactant (mineral crop oil)
spot spray nov-apr soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
mowing/slashing mowing/slashing slashing will not kill blackberry but will improve the results of follow up herbicide treatment. Regrowth needs to be approximately 0.5-1m high before undertaking follow up spraying.
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l)
Grazon ds® I 10l/hasurfactant or penetrant
boom spray nov-apr doesn’t damage clover Registered
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l)
Grazon ds® I 350-500ml/100l penetrant spot spray nov-apruse higher rates on plants damaged by grazing stock or insects or on hard to kill plants.
Registered
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l) + aminopyralid (8g/l)
Grazon extra® I 350-500ml/100l penetrant spot spray nov-apruse higher rates on plants damaged by grazing stock or insects or on hard to kill plants.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel none Cut stump diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 170ml/100l penetrant spot spray nov-apr Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 30
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris)
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 650ml/100l surfactant spot sprayaug prior to flowering
soil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops. agricultural non crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, pastures and rights of way.
Registered
dicamba (500g/l) dicamba 500 I 1.2l/ha none boom spray
sept-feb (or anytime of year when actively growing) prior to flowering
Registered
dicamba (500g/l) dicamba 500 I 18ml/15l none spot spray
sept-feb (or anytime of year when actively growing) prior to flowering
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 31
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) Wons
biological control agents
Boneseed leaf buckle mite (Aceria sp.) Release in autumn onto healthy and growing shoot tips. suppression only.Consult your regional nRm board.
burn dense large infestations – burn area and treat seedlings (seek advice).
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted to 1:5 none
Cut stump – note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
anytime peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l penetrant spot spray aug-sept non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b800ml + 10g/100l
penetrant + surfactant (spray oil)
spot spray aug-septnon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster®duo m 1l/1l none Cut stump peR 13371 (exp.2017)
manual Removal manual Removal pull out by hand; ensure that the root system is removed.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 10g/100lpenetrant or a mineral oil
spot spray aug-sept soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel none Cut stump diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 32
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) Wons
biological control agents
Bridal creeper rust fungus (Puccinia myrsiphylli) suppression only. The bridal creeper leafhopper (Zygina sp.) suppression only. The bridal creeper leaf beetle (Crioceris sp.) suppression only.Consult your regional nRm board.
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100lpenetrant or surfactant (spray oil)
spot spray June-augnon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b 800ml + 3g/100l penetrant spot spray June-aug
Controls bulb and vegetative growth. follow up application over at least 2 years will be required. non selective. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster®duo m 1l:3l surfactantWiper sponge or brush
June-aug non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
manual Removal manual removal. ensure that tubers are removed totally
June-augsuitable for small plants and outliers only. Can result in a high level of soil disturbance therefore reduce soil disturbance as much as practicle.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 1.5g/100l penetrant spot spray June-augnot suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 5g/100l penetrant spot spray June-augnot suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 33
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Bridal veil (Asparagus declinatus) Wons
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100lpenetrant or surfactant (spray oil)
spot spray June-augnon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b 800ml + 3g/100l penetrant spot spray June-augfollow up application over at least 2 years will be required. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster®duo m 1l:3l surfactantWiper sponge or brush
June-aug non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
manual Removal manual removal. ensure that tubers are removed totally.
June-augsuitable for small plants and outliers only. Can result in a high level of soil disturbance therefore reduce soil disturbance as much as practical.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 1.5g/100l penetrant spot spray June-augnot suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 5g/100l penetrant spot spray June-augnot suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 34
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Broad-kernel espartillo (Amelichloa caudata) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa. not yet known to occur in sa.
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 1.5-3l/ha surfactant boom spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 100-300ml/100l surfactant spot spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m1.5-3l + 300-500ml/ha
surfactant boom spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher glyphosate rate during late seed development or if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m150-300ml + 270ml/100l
surfactant spot spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate during if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 35
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.4l/ha surfactant boom spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m800ml/100l water
surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.6l/10l water surfactant Wiper non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
manual removal Grub individual plants
Inform your local nRm office. monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Broomrapes (Orobanche spp. – O.ramosa,
O. cerbua var cernua, O. aegyptiaca, O. minor) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa.
paraquat (135g/l) + diquat (115g/l)
spray.seed 250® lRate is host dependant, consult label
surfactant boom/spot spray Control host plants. Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 IRate is host dependant, consult label
none boom/spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Control host plants.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® IRate is host dependant, consult label
surfactant boom/spot spray Control host plants. Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg) broadstrike® bRate is host dependant, consult label
surfactant boom spray Control host plants prior to the growing season. Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg) broadstrike® bRate is host dependant, consult label
surfactant spot spray non crop areas. Control host plants. Registered
glyphosate (540g/l) Roundup® powermax mRate is host dependant, consult label
surfactant spot spray Control host plants. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® bRate is host dependant, consult label
surfactant boom/spot spray Control host plants. post emergent. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 36
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 3l/ha surfactant boom spray
dec-march after summer rains
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 300ml/100l surfactant spot spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m3l + 300-500ml/ha
surfactant boom spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 37
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m300ml + 260ml/100l
surfactant spot spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m500ml + 260ml/10l
surfactant Wiper
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate.apply to fresh foliage.slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 4.8l/ha surfactant boom spray
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m800ml/100l water
surfactant spot spray
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Bulbil watsonia (Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 15ml/1l Canola oilsponge application (tongs of death)
sept-late nov
suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Repeat applications will be required. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 38
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1l/3l nonesponge application (tongs of death)
sept-late nov
suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Repeat applications will be required. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/3l nonesponge application (tongs of death)
sept-late nov
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted nonesponge application (tongs of death)
sept-late nov
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered (under general weeds)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l surfactant spot spraysept-late nov
apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b800ml + 10g/100l
surfactant spot spraysept-late nov
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 10g/100l water surfactant spot spraysept-late nov
soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
Cacti (Prickly pear/ Wheel cactus and other
Opuntia spp. – except O. ficus-indica) Wons
biological control agents
Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) Opuntia engelmannii, Cylindropuntia imbricata – effective control Opuntia robusta – suppression only. Cactoblastis grub (Cactoblastis cactorum) Opuntia stricta – suppression only.Consult your regional nRm board.
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® mundiluted. 1ml every 4th pad
none stem injectWhen actively growing
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. suitable for species such as Wheel Cactus and O. Engelmannii which are easier to inject than other species.
Registered
manual Removal deep burial under 1m of topsoil
When actively growing
all fragments must be removed, collected and buried. any fragments that are left or spilt during transport to the burial site will regrow.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 39
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
msma (800g/l) daconate® Z 1l/40l Water surfactant spot sprayWhen actively growing
thoroughly cover all pad surfaces. apply in summer using a power sprayer when air temp is above 30ºC.
Registered
msma (800g/l) daconate® Zundiluted. 2 and 4ml every 4th pad
none stem injectWhen actively growing
non-arable and pastoral areas. Wheel cactus. suitable for species such as Wheel Cactus and O. Engelmannii which are easier to inject than other species.
peR 9362 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (240g/l) + picloram (120g/l)
access® I 1l/60l diesel none basal barkWhen actively growing
Registered
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l) + aminopyralid (8g/l)
Grazon extra® I 500ml/100l surfactant spot sprayWhen actively growing
Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 800ml/60l diesel none basal barkWhen actively growing
Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I undiluted none drill and fillWhen actively growing
nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 3l/100lsurfactant (spray oil 1%)
spot sprayWhen actively growing
Registered
Calomba daisy (Oncosiphon suffruticosum)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 360ml/ha surfactant boom sprayapply prior to flowering
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. pasture topping. seed set reduction only.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 800ml-1.2/ha surfactant boom sprayapply prior to flowering
non selective. prior to sowing a crop or pasture. use higher rates for larger plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l surfactant spot sprayapply prior to flowering
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 40
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + ally® m,b800-1000ml + 5-7g/ha
surfactant boom spray sept
fallow/pre crop knockdown. Wheat, barley, triticale and cereal rye. apply when plants are small. use higher rates for larger or dense weeds. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 5g/ha surfactant boom spray sept-octpost crop and weed emergence. Wheat, barley, triticle and cereal rye. apply when plants are small. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 5g/100l surfactant spot spray soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
Caltrop (Tribulus terrestris)
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I Check label Refer to label boom spray oct-feb
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. after summer rains. pastures and non cropping areas. spray young plants.
Registered
Competition Caltrop does not like competition from other plants. maintenance of good ground cover will help to significantly reduce the germination of Caltrop.
flumetsulam (800g/kg) broadstrike® b25g/ha at 200l water/ha
boom spraysept-april before seed set
pre-emergence. pastures. Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg) broadstrike® b 25g/100l spot spraysept-april before seed set
Rosette stage prior to running. Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1.6-2.4l/ha surfactant boom spraysept-april before seed set
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 41
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l surfactant spot spraysept-april before seed set
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 400-600ml/100l surfactant spot spraysept-april before seed set
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
Cane needlegrass (Nassella hyalina) aW
ReportReport occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa. not yet known to occur in sa.
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 1.5-3l/ha surfactant boom spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 100-300ml/100l surfactant spot spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m1.5-3l + 300-500ml/ha
surfactant boom spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate during if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 42
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m150-300ml + 270ml/100l
surfactant spot spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.4l/ha surfactant boom spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m800ml/100l water
surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.6l/10l water surfactant Wiper non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
manual removal Grub individual plants
Inform your local nRm office. monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Cape broom (Genista monspessulana)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1-1.3l/100l
none if using within or near waterways. penetrant if using away from waterways
spot spray - do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
sept-dec prior to pod formation
suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted to 1:5 none
Cut stump - note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
anytime peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b200ml + 10g /100l
penetrant spot spraysept-dec prior to pod formation
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 43
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l)
Grazon ds® I 250ml/100l penetrant spot spraysept-dec prior to pod formation
use higher rate of 350ml/100l if spraying in autumn or winter. Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel none Cut stump any timediesel can be replaced with water for ease of application.nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 170ml/100l penetrant spot spraysept-dec prior to pod formation
nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
Cape tulip (one and two leafed) (Moraea flaccida and Moraea miniata)
2,4-d (475g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
surpass®475 + ally® I,b 1.65l + 5g/ha none Wiper July-septhormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg)Conquest chlorsulfuron 750 WG®
b 20g/ha boom/ spot spray July-sept dense infestations. Registered (Wa only)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1:5 penetrant foliar wipe July-sept non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered (under general weeds)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + ally® m,b 800ml + 5g/ha surfactant boom spray July-septfallow or prior to crop planting. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + ally® m,b 800ml + 5g/100l surfactant spot spray July-septnon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + ally® m,b 800ml + 1g/100l penetrant Wiper July-septnon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 44
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (540g/l) Roundup® powermax m 1l/100l spot spray July-sept
spray at flower bayonet emergence. follow up treatments as required at or before flowing. most effective just prior to flowering (july august). seed set suppression only. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered (under general weeds)
manual Removal
Grub or hand pull individual plants and ensure that bulbs are removed. Isolated plants only.
July-sept plant will not re-grow if cut off at the base.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 5g/ha surfactantboom spray and spot spray
July-sept
In pastures tolerant to metsulfuron-methyle (no good in clover based pastures). do not spray under susceptible trees. spray early in the season to kill young plants. add glyphosate if spraying late in the season to suppress seed set. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Cat’s claw creeper (Dolichandra unguis-cati) Wons
manual removalnot a weed in sa, but gardeners may find it necessary to remove an unwanted plant.Cut stems and dispose; dig out the large tubers at the base of plant.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 45
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Chilean needlegrass (Nassella neesiana) Wons
fluazifop-p (128g/kg) fusilade forte® a 1.7-3.3l/hasurfactant (supercharge™ 1% (1l/100l))
boom spray legume pastures and lucerne only. no not cut or graze for at least 6 weeks. seed set suppression only.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 1.5-3l/ha surfactant boom spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 100-300ml/100l surfactant spot spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m1.5-3l + 300-500ml/ha
surfactant boom spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 46
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m150-300ml + 270ml/100l
surfactant spot spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.4l/ha surfactant boom spray Will give varied results – suppression only. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m800ml/100l water
surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.6l/10l water surfactant Wiper non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
manual Removal Grub individual plants
outliers only.
Common lantana (Lantana camara) Wons
manual removal
not a weed in sa, but gardeners may find it necessary to remove unwanted plants.Cut, grub out and dispose; machinery may be needed to remove large plants.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 47
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Coolatai grass (Hyparrhenia hirta)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 3l/ha surfactant boom spray July-oct
apply herbicide solution to the point of run-off from leaf surfaces – 1000-2000 l/ha. a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 300ml/100l surfactant spot spray July-oct
apply herbicide solution to the point of run-off from leaf surfaces – 1000-2000 l/ha. a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper July-oct
once per season. a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m3l + 300-500ml/ha
surfactant boom spray July-oct
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m200ml + 1.6l/100l
surfactant spot spray July-oct
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 48
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m500ml + 260ml/10l
surfactant Wiper July-oct
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 4.8l/ha surfactant boom spray sept-mayapply herbicide solution to the point of run-off from leaf surfaces – 1000-2000 l/ha. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1.6l/100l water surfactant spot spray sept-maynon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.6l/10l water surfactant Wiper sept-may2-3 repeat treatments will be necessary. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b 800ml + 3g/100l surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
manual Removal pull out individual plants
manual Removal
Creeping knapweed (Rhaponticum repens)
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 1.3l/100l none spot spray soil Residual. do not use near desirable vegetation. do not apply near susceptible crops.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 4l/ha boom spray pastures and fallow. post emergent. Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 500ml/100l spot spray Registered
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 8.8l/ha surfactant boom spray dec-Jan non-crop situations. Registered
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 600ml/100l surfactant spot spray dec-Jan Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l penetrant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Repeat application as required. suppression only.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 49
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Cutleaf mignonette (Reseda lutea)
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 650ml/100l none spot sprayprior to flowering
soil residue do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops.
Registered
2,4-d (475g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
surpass®475 + Roundup® I, m 145ml + 1l/100l surfactant spot spray July-septhormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
2,4-d (475g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
surpass®475 + ally® I 145ml + 7g/100l none spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 1.7l/ha surfactant boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. on young plants only. avoid using 2,4-d on adult plants due to herbicide resistance.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 115ml/100l surfactant spot spray on young plants only. avoid using 2,4-d on adult plants due to herbicide resistance.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + ally® m,b800ml + 5-7g/100l
none spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster® duo m 1l/100l surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
manual removal manual Removal suitable for individual plants and small infestations
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 2.1l/ha surfactant boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non crop areas. for rates within crops refer to label.
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 140ml/100l surfactant spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 7g/ha surfactant boom spray spray actively growing plant up to flowering. Repeat treatment may be required. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 50
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 7g/100l surfactant spot spray spray actively growing plant up to flowering. Repeat treatment may be required. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l) + mCpa (500g/l)
ally® + mCpa 500® b, I 7g + 2.1l/ha surfactant boom spray
non crop areas. for rates within crops refer to label. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. hormone type herbicide – use with caution near sensitive crops. do not spray if spray drift is likely.
Registered
Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority and obtain advice.
burn to kill the host plant and destroy the seed bank.
burn to kill the host and destroy the seed bank.
Cultivate to kill host plants such as broad leaf weeds.
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1:100l spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. to kill the host plant.
Registered (host dependant)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b800ml + 3-5g/100l
surfactant spot spray to kill the host plants, fallow pre-crop, non agricultural areas. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered (host dependant)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 51
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Dog rose (Rosa canina)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel nonebasal bark or cut stump
Registered
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1.5-2l/100l none
spot spray - do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
oct-Jansuitable for use near waterways – refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted to 1:4 none Cut stump apply to cut stump immediately.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b800-1lml + 10g/100l
penetrant spot spray oct-Jannon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (540g/l) Roundup® powermax m 1-1.35l/100l surfactant spot spray oct-Januse higher rates for plants larger than 1.5m. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
manual removal Grub individual plants.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 15g/100l penetrant spot spray oct-Jan soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l)
Grazon ds® I 350ml/100l penetreant spot spray oct-Jan for plants up to 1.5m tall. Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1:30 diesel none Cut stump diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 170ml/100l penetrant spot spray oct-Jannature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 52
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
English/Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) Wons
biological control agents
Broom gall mite (Aceria genistae) suppression only. Broom seed beetle (Bruchidius villosus) suppression only.Consult your regional nRm board.
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1-1.3l/100l none
spot spray – do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
sept-dec prior to pod formation
suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted – 1l/1l none
Cut stump - note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l penetrant spot spraysept-dec prior to pod formation
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b800ml + 10g/100l
penetrant spot spraysept-dec prior to pod formation
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 15g/100l penetrant spot spraysept-dec prior to pod formation
soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l)
Grazon ds® I 250-350ml/100l surfactant spot spraysept-dec prior to pod formation
Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel none Cut stump diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 170ml/100l surfactant spot spraysept-dec prior to pod formation
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 53
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spictum) aW
Report
Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa to confirm identification and obtain advice. this species is not yet known to occur in australia but many native water milfoils look very similar.
False caper (Euphorbia terracina)
establish competative pastures.
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered (under general weeds)
mechanical blade plough or disk.
Zoliar®df norflurazon (800g/kg) f 2.5-5kg/ha boom spray pre emergence, selective residual herbicide. Citrus, vines, nuts, pome and stone fruit crops only. Rate is Crop specific, refer to label.
Registered (this is the only registered product for false caper)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 54
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 1.3l/100l no spot spray soil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops. apply during budding.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 1.1l/ha surfactant boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. pastures and non agricultural areas.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 1.1l/100l surfactant spot spray hormone type treatment –- use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. pastures and non agricultural areas.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l:100l spot spraydec-feb Just on flowing
after good summer rains, follow up, treatment required. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
mCpa (340g/l) + dicamba (80g/l)
banvil®m I 5.2l/ha surfactant boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non-crop
Registered
mCpa (340g/l) + dicamba (80g/l)
banvil®m I 350ml/100l surfactant spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non-crop
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 2l/hanone (in crop). surfactant (for knockdown)
boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 1l/500l surfactant spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 55
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Field garlic (Allium vineale)
dicamba (500g/l) dicamba 500® I 8.8l/ha surfactant boom spray non-crop. Registered
dicamba (500g/l) dicamba 500® I 600ml/100l surfactant spot spray non-crop. Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 7g/ha surfactant boom spray soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 10g/100l surfactant spot spray soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) Wons
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa. fireweed is not yet known in sa but occurs in the eastern states.
bromoxynil (200g/l) + diflufenican(25g/l) + liquid hydrocarbon (416g/l) + n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (150g/l)
Jaguar® C,f 500ml boom sprayup to the four leaf stage.
pastures – clover and/or lucerne based, including cover crops in vineyards.
Registered
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l) + aminopyralid (8g/l)
Grazon extra® I 350ml/100l surfactant spot sprayWhen flowering
non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, forests, pastures and rights of way.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 56
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) Wons
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 800ml/100l surfactant spot spray peR 11463 (Qld) Registered under general weeds
Gorse (Ulex europaeus) Wons
biological control agents
Gorse seed weevil (Exapion ulicis) suppression only. Gorse thrips (Sericothrips staphylinus) suppression only. Gorse spider mites (Tetranychus lintearius) suppression only.Consult your regional nRm board.
burning fire fire can be useful in reducing dense thickets of Gorse to allow follow-up spraying of regrowth. seek advice.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 57
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1l/100l
spot spray – do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
dec-aprsuitable for use near waterways – refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted to 1:4 none
Cut stump – note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m neat to 1:1 none drill and fill Registered (under general weeds)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l penetrant spot spray sept-feb non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b800ml + 10g/100l
penetrant + surfactant (spray oil)
spot spray dec-aprnon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster®duo m 1l/1l none Cut stump peR 13371 (exp.2017)
mowing /slashing slashing slashing will not kill Gorse however may improve the results of follow up herbicide treatment. Regrowth needs to be approximately 0.5-1m high before undertaking follow up spraying.
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l)
Grazon ds® I 250ml/100l surfactant spot spray sept-febuse higher rate of 350ml/100l if plants are taller than 1.5 metres or if treating in autumn. If treating in winter use rate of 500ml/100l.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel none Cut stump diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I170-350ml /100l
surfactant or penetrant
spot spray dec-apr use higher rates for older larger plants. Registered
Hoary cress (Cardaria draba)
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 1.3l/100l none spot spray June-augsoil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops. may require repeat applications.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 58
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
2,4-d (475g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
surpass®475 + Roundup® I, m 1.8l + 1.2l/ha boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. fallow or prior to sowing a crop. treat from late rosette to early flowering.
Registered
2,4-d (475g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
surpass®475 + Roundup® I, m120ml + 800ml/100l
none spot spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. spray at Rosette stage. silver leaf night shade and other deep rooted perennials, cut leaf, hoary cress if spraying with glysophate
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I Check label none boom spray June-aughormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cereal crops.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I2.9l/ha (check label)
none boom spray
June-aug spray rosettes prior to flowering
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I600ml/100l (check label)
none spot spray
June-aug spray rosettes prior to flowering
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
Caltivation and pasture management - increase conpetition
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean® b 20g/ha surfactantapply when plants are fully emerged
June-augpost crop and weed emergence. suppression in crops. do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
dicamba (500g/l) + 2,4-d (625g/l)
kamba 500® + 2,4-d amine 625®
I280ml + 800ml/ha
surfactant boom spray June-aug Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1.2l/ha surfactant boom spray June-augapply from late July to september when plants are in rosette to flowering stage. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l surfactant spot sprayJune-sept Rosette to flowering
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 59
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 1.4l/ha surfactant boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. treat seedlings or fresh growth of adult plants. slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
2,4-d amine 625 + ally® I,b500mls + 5g/100l
surfactant spot spray sept-nov
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. use on mature plants. make sure plants are thoroughly wet.
Registered
2,4-d ester (600g/kg) 2,4-d ester 600® I 900ml/ha surfactant boom spray aug-sept
hormone type herbicide – use with extreme caution near sensitive crops - refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping. seedlings or suppression only. slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
2,4-d ester (600g/kg) 2,4-d ester 600® I 1.3-3.7l/ha surfactant boom spray aug-sept
hormone type herbicide – use with extreme caution near sensitive crops - refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping. seedlings or suppression only. slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
2,4-d ester (600g/kg) 2,4-d ester 600® I 130-370ml/100l surfactant spot spray aug-sept
hormone type herbicide – use with extreme caution near sensitive crops - refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping. seedlings or suppression only. use higher rates on larger plants and lower rates on seedlings. slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
biological control agents
Horehound plume moth (Pterophorus spilodactylus) suppression only. Clear wing moth (Chamaesphecia mysiniformis) suppression only.Consult your regional nRm board.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 60
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 1.2l/ha surfactant boom spray
non crop. treat seedlings or fresh growth of adult plants. slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 80ml/100l surfactant spot spray Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2-3l/ha penetrant boom spray
seedlings and young plants only. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l /100lpenetrant or a double wetter
spot spray
Young plants only. slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (540g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
Roundup® powermax + ally®
m,b 500ml + 5g/100l penetrant spot spray
slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered (under general weeds)
manual Removal manual Removal
Grub individual plants, ensuring the complete removal of the root system from the soil. plough infested area, ensuring plants are turned over with roots completely removed from the soil. follow up control on any new growth.
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 2.1l/ha surfactant boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. seedlings only.
Registered
Horsetail (Equisetum spp.) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa and obtain advice.
manual removalGrub individual plants
Report to nRm authorities first. Grub and follow up with inspections after 6 and 12 months; horsetail has rhizomes that may be 2 metres deep.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 61
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Innocent weed (Cenchrus incertus and C. longispinus)
fluazifop-p (212g/kg) fusilade WG® a 1.24l/ha boom spray dec-Jan Grass selective. If growing amongst broadleaf crops or pastures. Registered
fluazifop-p (212g/kg) fusilade WG® a 2.4l/ha spot spray dec-JanCitrus crops – refer to label. Grass selective. If growing amoungst broadleaf crops or pastures.
Registered
glufosinate-ammonium (200g/l)
basta® n 500ml/100l surfactant spot spray dec-Jannature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 800ml-1l/100l surfactant spot spray dec-Jannon selective avoid contact with desirable plants. use higher rates on larger plants. follow up treatment will be required.
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster®duo m 1l/100l surfactant spot spray dec-Jan non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
Grazing dec-Jan stop seed set.
manual Removal Grub individual plants
dispose securely to avoid dropping burrs. follow up in the next season or after summer rains.
trifuralin (480g/kg) trifuralin 480® d
1.2l ha (light and medium soils) 1.7l/ha (heavy soils)
boom spray dec-JanCrops. pre emergent herbicide. spray before seed set. spray from 6 weeks to just before sowing takes place.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 62
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Khaki weed (Alternanthera pungens)
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 650ml/100l spot spray soil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Registered
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 320-560ml/ha surfactant boom spray fallow. Registered
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 600ml/ha surfactant boom spray non-crop. spray at rosette stage. Registered (Wa only)
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 9ml/15l surfactant spot spray non-crop. spray at rosette stage. Registered (Wa only)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/1l Cut stump providing the burrs are not mature. Cut plants off at the crown of the roots and apply immediately to the fresh cut on the roots. Zero weed wand or pain brush application is useful.
Registered (under general weeds)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l spot spray Won’t kill the root system, ongoing treatment required. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered (under general weeds)
manual removal Grub individual plants
ensure the complete removal of the tuber & root system. dig beside the root 100mm down or more.destroy any burrs found.
Lagarosiphon (Lagarosiphon major) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa.
manual removal dredge plants out of water and dispose by composting
seek advice from the regional nRm authority first. monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 63
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Leafy elodea (Egeria densa) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa.
manual removal monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Lincoln weed (Diplotaxis tenuifolia)
2,4-d (475g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
surpass®475 + Roundup® I, m 145ml + 1l/100l surfactant spot spray July-septhormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
2,4-d (475g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
surpass®475 + ally® I 145ml + 7g/100l none spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 1.7l/ha surfactant boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 115ml/100l surfactant spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 64
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean® b 15-20g/ha surfactant boom spray
use lower rate for pre emergent treatment and higher rates post crop and weed emergence. Wheat, barley, oats, triticale and cereal rye. do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean® b 20g/100l surfactant spot spray do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation. Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + ally® m,b800ml + 5-7g/100l
none spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500 I 700ml/ha surfactant boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. apply at rosette stage. pre harvest knock down.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 7g/ha surfactant boom spray In crop – cereals only. spray seedlings. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 7g/100l surfactant spot spray In crop – cereals only. spray seedlings. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l) + mCpa (500g/l)
ally® + mCpa 500® b, I 7g + 2.1l/ha surfactant boom spray
non crop areas. for rates within crops refer to label. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. hormone type herbicide – use with caution near sensitive crops. do not spray if spray drift is likely.
Registered
Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) Wons
manual removal Cut stems and grub out the tubers at their base.
Grub individual plants and monitor regrowth.
picloram (43g/kg) gel Vigilant herbicide Gel® I3-5cm thick layer of gel
none Cut stump anytime Cut stump and apply gel immediately. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 65
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
May or hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted none Cut stump peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b 800l + 10g/100lpenetrant + surfactant (spray oil)
spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (240g/l) + picloram (120g/l)
access® I 1l/60l diesel noneCut stump/ basal bark
anytime medium to large trees. Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel none Cut stump nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 170ml/100l penetrant spot spray nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) Wons aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa and obtain advice.
triclopyr (240g/l) + picloram (120g/l)
access® I 1l/60l diesel none basal bark anytimesuitable for shrubs and small trees. for smaller plants and shrubs spray the trunk from the ground up to 30cm. for large trees spray from the ground up to 100cm.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 66
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
triclopyr (240g/l) + picloram (120g/l)
access® I 1l/60l diesel none Cut stump anytimesuitable for large trees. apply herbicide immediately after cutting the stump.
Registered
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l)
Grazon extra® I 350ml/100l surfactant spot sprayspring -summer
do not spray plants bearing pods. Registered
Mexican feathergrass (Nassella tenuissima) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa and obtain advice.
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 1.5-3l/ha surfactant boom spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 100-300ml/100l surfactant spot spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m1.5-3l + 300-500ml/ha
surfactant boom spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 67
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m150-300ml + 270ml/100l
surfactant spot spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.4l/ha surfactant boom spray Will give varied results – suppression only. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m800ml/100l water
surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.6l/10l water surfactant Wiper non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Muskweed (Myagrum perfoliatum)
seek advice Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority and obtain advice.
Noogoora burr complex (Xanthium strumarium sp. agg.)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 68
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I
Rate depends on crop type and crop stage – refer to label
boom spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping – refer to label
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 560ml-1.7l/ha Refer to label boom spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non-agricultural areas.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 17-22ml/10l surfactant spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. spray seedlings only.
Registered
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1l/100l
spot spray – do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) Roundup® m 1.5-2.5l/ha surfactant boom spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. fallow or prior to planting a crop or pasture.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) Roundup® m 1l/100l surfactant spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 69
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + ally® m,b 1l + 7g/100l surfactant spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate-trimecium (480g/l)
touchdown® m 700ml/100l surfactant spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Can be used within orchards, vineyards and established trees provided a directed or shielded spray or wiper is used. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
mCpa (340g/l) + dicamba (80g/l)
banvil®m I 2.8-4l/ha none boom spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. use higher rates on larger plants or plants in late flower.
Registered
mCpa (340g/l) + dicamba (80g/l)
banvil®m I 190-270ml/100l none spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. use higher rate on late flowering or larger plants.
Registered
mCpa (750g/l) agritone®750 I 1.35l/ha surfactant boom spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. spray young seedlings only.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 5 or 7.5g/100l surfactant spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
seedlings or before early flowering. use higher rate when plants are beyond early flowering or add glyphosate. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered (nsW only)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 70
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Nutgrass or sedge nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 10ml/1l none
spot spray – do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1/100 surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
methyl bromide (1000g/kg) fumigant
methyl bromide 1000® fumigant
8a100g/square meter
none fumigant dangerous gas, use with caution. Registered
msma (800g/l) daconate® Z12l/ha (in 500l of water)
none boom spray non-crop. Repeat application will be required. Registered
msma (800g/l) daconate® Z 1l/100l none spot spray Repeat application will be required. Registered
Olive (Olea europaea) – excluding cultivated trees
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m neat none Cut stump effective on smaller plants only.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted to 1:1 none drill and fill peR 13371 (exp.2017)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 71
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) + triclopyr (600g/l)
Roundup® + Garlon® m, I 333ml + 33ml/1l penetrant Cut stump Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b800ml + 10g/100l
penetrant + surfactant (spray oil)
spot spray follow up control may be required. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster®duo m 1l:1l noneCut stump/ drill and fill
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 15g/100l surfactant spot spray soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel none basal bark plants up to 5cm basal diameter. Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel none Cut stump nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I undiluted none drill and fill nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 170ml/100l spot spray nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) Wons aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa and obtain advice. monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved
triclopyr (240g/l) + picloram (120g/l)
access® I 1l/60l diesel none basal bark anytimesuitable for shrubs and small trees. for smaller plants and shrubs spray the trunk from the ground up to 30cm. for large trees spray from the ground up to 100cm.
Registered
triclopyr (240g/l) + picloram (120g/l)
access® I 1l/60l diesel none Cut stump anytimesuitable for large trees. apply herbicide immediately after cutting the stump.
Registered
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l)
Grazon extra® I 350ml/100l surfactant spot sprayspring -summer
do not spray plants bearing pods. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 72
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) aW
ReportReport occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa. not yet known to occur in sa.
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 40ml/100l surfactant spot sprayRosette stage
Registered
manual removal Grub individual plants
Inform your regional nRm office. monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 5g/100l surfactant spot spray soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.Registered (nsW only)
Perennial ragweed (Ambrosia spp.)
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 8.8l/ha surfactant boom spray non-crop. Registered
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 600ml/100l surfactant spot spray non-crop. Registered
manual Removal Grub individual plants
obtain advice from your regional nRm authority.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 73
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Perennial thistle (Cirsium arvense)
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 650ml/100l surfactant spot spray soil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops. apply during budding stage.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 250ml/100l surfactant spot spray pastures and fallow. treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) + mCpa (500g/l)
lontrel® + mCpa 500® I 50ml + 1l/ha surfactant boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. barley, oats, triticale, wheat – 4-5 leaf onwards. spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) + mCpa (500g/l)
lontrel® + mCpa 500® I50 or 70ml + 1-1.5l/ha
surfactant boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. pastures and fallow. treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. use higher rates on rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster®duo m 1l/100l surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 700ml to 1.4l/ha spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. seedlings.
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 2l/ha spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Well developed plants.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 74
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Pheasant’s eye (Adonis microcarpa)
bromoxynil (200g/l) + liquid hydrocarbon (616g/l)
bromicide®200 C 700ml-1.4l/ha boom spray pastures, wheat, barley, cereal, rye, oats, triticale. use higher rates for plants with more than 4 leaves.
Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg) broadstrike® b 25g/ha surfactant boom spray Cropping. Registered
Pink pampas grass (Cortaderia jubata)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.5l/100lsurfactant or penetrant
spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
manual removal large plants need machinery such as a bobcat to grub them out.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 75
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Plumerillo (Jarava plumosa) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 1.5-3l/ha surfactant boom spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 100-300ml/100l surfactant spot spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m1.5-3l + 300-500ml/ha
surfactant boom spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 76
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m150-300ml + 270ml/100l
surfactant spot spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.4l/ha surfactant boom spray Will give varied results – suppression only. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m800ml/100l water
surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.6l/10l water surfactant Wiper non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
manual removal Grub individual plants
Inform your regional nRm office and obtain advice. monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Poison buttercup (Ranunculus sceleratus)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1l/100l none
spot spray – do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
mCpa (340g/l) + dicamba (80g/l)
banvil®m I 470ml/100l surfactant spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
mCpa (340g/l) + dicamba (80g/l)
banvil®m I 470ml/15l surfactant spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 77
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana) aW
ReportReport occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa. not yet known to occur in sa but established in the eastern states.
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1l/100l none
spot spray – do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
When actively growing at or beyond the early bloom stage of growth but before autumn change of color
ensure thorough coverage is achieved.Registered (as general woody weeds)
manual removal Grub individual plants
Inform your regional nRm authority. ensure all parts of the plant are removed from the site and destroy by burning or deep burial. monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
picloram (43g/kg) gel Vigilant herbicide Gel® I undiluted none Cut stump
When actively growing at or beyond the early bloom stage of growth but before autumn change of colour
apply a 5mm layer of gel. ensure all parts of the plant are removed from the site and destroy by burning or deep burial.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 78
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Sagittaria (arrowhead) (Sagittaria graminea) Wons
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa.
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup® biactive m 10ml/1l none spot spray summer
spray at month intervals when actively growing. apply herbicide to individual mats only – do not broadcast spray over water. Confirm Id prior to spraying. seek advice from an nRm officer. undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Registered (under general weeds)
Salvation Jane (Echium plantagineum)
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 1-1.7l/ha boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. pastures and non-agricultural areas. Refer to label.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) using spray-Graze
2,4-d amine 625 I 560ml/ha boom spray
march-may (from first rains in autumn to the end of autumn)
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. pastures. seek advice.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 79
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
biological control agents
Pollen beetle (Meligethes planiusculus) suppression only. Leaf-mining moth (Dialectica scalariella) suppression only. Crown weevil (Mogulones larvatus) suppression only. Flea beetle (Longitarsus echii) suppression only. Root weevil (Mogulones geographicus) suppression only.Consult your regional nRm board.
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean® b 15g/ha boom spray Crops and pastures. Refer to label. do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l boom spray
sept-april When actively growing and before seed set
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.prior to sowing a crop or pasture.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l spot spray
sept-april When actively growing and before seed set
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + ally® m,b800ml + 10g/100l
surfactant spot spray adult plants. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I700ml-4l/ha refer to label
surfactant boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. pastures – refer to label
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) using spray-Graze
mCpa 500® I 500ml/ha boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
mCpa (750g/l) agritone®750 I 270ml/100l surfactant spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 10g/100l surfactant spot spray early in the season. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l) + mCpa (500g/l)
ally® + mCpa 500® b, I 7g + 1l/100l surfactant spot spray soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. hormone type herbicide – use with caution near sensitive crops. do not spray if spray drift is likely.
Registered
terbutryn 275g/l + mCpa (160g/l)
agtryne ma® C,I 300-500ml/ha boom spray
pasture – sub clover based pastures with either rye grass, phalaris, cocksfoot). use higher rates when weeds are at the 2 leaf stage. some reduction of clover may occure. Refer to label. Cereal crops – refer to label.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 80
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Salvinia (Salvinia spp.) Wons aW
ReportReport occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa. salvinia is usually found only as a deliberately grown water plant in sa.
diquat (200g/l) Reglone® l 400ml/100l surfactant spot spray
seek advice from your regional nRm authority. apply as an overall spray to wet foliage thoroughly. Clear water is necessary for best results. use the higher rate for heavy infestations or deep or dirty water. Repeat applications 7-14 days later may be necessary for control of dense infestations.
Registered
manual removal
dredge or skim plants out of the water and dispose by composting or drying
seek advice from your regional nRm authority. monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
orange oil (55.2g/kg) + surfactants (195g/kg)
Water Clear® 1l/100l none spot spray
spray on free floating plants. Within artificial impoundments and enclosed bodies of water. do not use in natural water bodies or streams where it will reach natural water bodies. do not use in dams holding water for human consumption.
Registered
Senegal tea plant (Gymnocoronis spilanthoides) aW
Report Report to your local nRm authority or biosecurity sa and seek advice. not known to occur in sa.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 81
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) aW
ReportReport occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa. serrated tussock is not currently known to occur in sa.
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 1.5-2l/ha surfactant boom spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 100-200ml/100l surfactant spot spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m1.5-2l + 250-420ml/ha
surfactant boom spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 82
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m150-200ml + 270ml/100l
surfactant spot spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.24-3.2l/ha surfactant boom spray
use the lower rate on infertile lightly textured soils; use the higher rate on fertile basalt soils. suppression only if serrated tussock plants are not actively growing with long green leaves. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m560-1000ml/100l water
surfactant spot spray use the lower rate on infertile lightly textured soils; use the higher rate on fertile basalt soils. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.6l/10l water surfactant Wiper non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
manual removal Grub individual plants.
prior to flow seed set
monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) Wons
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 650ml/100l spot spray sept-Jansoil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops.
Registered
fluroxypyr (333g/l) starane®advanced I 300ml/100l spot spray sept-Jan follow up treatment of regrowth is critical for best control. Registered
glyphosate (540g/l) Roundup® powermax m 6l/ha surfactant boom spray sept-Janseed suppression only. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (540g/l) Roundup® powermax m 1.35l/100l penetrant spot spray sept-Janseed suppression only. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
manual Removal manual Removal excavate soil to the depth of the root system, and remove plants. permission to excavate may be required.
mowing/slashing mowing/slashing Carry out slashing before berry formation. Repeat as required throughout.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 83
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea)
(2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)) + 2,4-d amine (625g/l)
tordon®75-d + 2,4-d amine 625
I300ml + 375ml/ha
boom spray
soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. suppression only
Registered
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 650ml/100l spot spray soil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops. suppression only. follow up spray with glyphosate.
Registered
2,4-d (475g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
surpass®475 + Roundup® I, m 1.1l + 1l/ha surfactant boom spray nov-Jan
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. fallow or non crop situations.
Registered
2,4-d (475g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
surpass®475 + Roundup® I, m 120ml + 1l/100l surfactant spot spray nov-Janhormone type treatment - use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
bromoxynil (200g/l) + diflufenican(25g/l) + liquid hydrocarbon (416g/l) + n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (150g/l)
Jaguar® C,f 1l/ha boom spray Wheat, barley triticale, cereal rye crops and clover and/or lucern based pasture. suppression only.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 300ml/ha spot spray nov-Jan Cereals only – Canola. Will provide control until harvest only. Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) + mCpa (500g/l)
lontrel® + mCpa 500® I 500ml + 1l/ha boom spray nov-Jan
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cereals only – barley, oats, triticale, wheat. spray when rosettes are 5-15cm. Will provide control until harvest only.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + ally® m,b 1l + 7g/100l surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 7g/ha surfactant boom spray soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 84
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Slender thistle (Carduus tenuiflorus)
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 50 or 70l/ha boom spray pastures Rosette stage to early flowering Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 250ml/100l surfactant spot spray pastures and fallow. treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) + mCpa (500g/l)
lontrel® + mCpa 500® I50 or 70ml + 1-1.5l/ha
surfactant boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards) when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm. In pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. use higher rates in pastures only when rosettes are larger than 30cm diameter.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 1l/ha boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non crop areas or fallow. spray young plants only.
Registered
Soldier thistle (Picnomon acarna)
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 300ml/ha surfactant boom spray barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5leaf stage) and canola. spray rosettes up to 10cm diameter (4-8 leaf).
Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 250ml/100l surfactant spot spray pastures and fallow. treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 85
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
clopyralid (300g/l) + mCpa (500g/l)
lontrel® + mCpa 500® I200ml + 700ml/ha
surfactant boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Wheat, barley oats, triticale – apply to crop at tillering stage after the crop has 5 leaves and before the crop commences jointing.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 700ml-2.1l/ha boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.Grass pastures – use low rate on seedlings and higher rates on adult plants (prior to flowering).use 100 liters of water for best results. If clover present do not exceed 600ml/ha.Crops – refer to label.
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 75ml/100l surfactant spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) - spray Graze technique
mCpa 500® I 600ml/ha boom spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. pastures. seek advice.
Registered
Soursob (Oxalis pes-caprae)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1.2l/ha boom spray July-sept non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l surfactant spot sprayJuly-sept appy at flowering
apply at flowering. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 5 or 10g/ha surfactant boom spraymay-July before flowering
use higher rates for dense stands. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 5g/100l surfactant spot spraymay-July before flowering
use higher rates for dense stands. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.not for home garden use.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 86
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare)
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 250ml/100l surfactant spot spray treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) + mCpa (500g/l)
lontrel® + mCpa 500® I50-70ml + 1-1.5l/ha
surfactant boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards)-refer to label. spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm. pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. use higher rates on rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.
Registered
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I
280-560ml/ha for seedlings. 560ml-1.1l/ha for young mature plants
surfactant boom spray
Grass pastures, perennial grass seed crops, direct drilling, conservation tillage, no till fallow, minimum tillage and between cropping applications. use 110-280l of mixture/ha. apply when thistles have at least 3-5 true leaves. do not treat thistles beyond the rosette stage. use higher rates on larger plants.
Registered
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I
40ml/100l for seedlings. 76ml/100l for young mature plants
surfactant spot spray Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1.6-2.4l/ha surfactant boom spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 600ml/100l surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
mCpa (340g/l) + dicamba (80g/l)
kamba m® I 190-270ml/100l spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. use higher rates on larger plants
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500 I 700ml-2l/ha surfactant boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. apply at Rosette stage. do not exceed 1.5l/ha within sub clover seed crops. use higher rates on larger plants. Refer to label.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 87
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1.5-2l/100l none
spot spray - do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
oct-Jansuitable for use near waterways - refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m undiluted to 1:4 none Cut stump oct-Jan apply to cut stump immediately.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/l) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/l)
Roundup® + brush-off® m,b800ml-1l + 10g/100l
penetrant spot spray oct-Jannon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (540g/l) Roundup® powermax m 1-1.35l/100l surfactant spot spray oct-Januse higher rates for plants larger than 1.5m. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
manual removal oct-Jan Grub individual plants.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 15g/100l penetrant spot spray oct-Jan soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (300g/l) + picloram (100g/l)
Grazon ds® I 350ml/100l penetreant spot spray oct-Jan for plants up to 1.5m tall. Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel nonebasal bark or cut stump
oct-Jannature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 1l/30l diesel none Cut stump oct-Jandiesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/l) Garlon® I 170ml/100l penetrant spot spray oct-Jannature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
peR 12932 (exp.2016)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 88
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Texas needlegrass (Nassella leucotricha)
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 1.5-3l/ha surfactant boom spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 100-300ml/100l surfactant spot spray
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) tussock™ J 500ml/10l surfactant Wiper
a slow working residual. apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m1.5-3l + 300-500ml/ha
surfactant boom spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. use higher rate if the weed is dense. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/l) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
tussock® + Roundup® J,m150-300ml + 270ml/100l
surfactant spot spray
apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. apply to fresh foliage. slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.4l/ha surfactant boom spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 89
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m800ml/100l water
surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
peR 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.6l/10l water surfactant Wiper non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 9792 (exp.2015)
Three corner jack (Emex australis)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered (under general weeds)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 5-10g/ha surfactant boom spray
established pastures – refer to label. apply up to 6 leaf stage. use higher rates for dense infestations. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered (Wa only)
terbutryn 275g/l + mCpa (160g/l)
agtryne ma® C,I 1.5l/ha surfactant boom spray Cereal crops only. apply at the 1-4 leaf stage.
Registered
Three cornered garlic (Allium triquetrum)
CultivationCultivation and pasture improvement.
on arable land it can be controlled over 3-4 years of repeated cultivations. In pastures prevent seed production by mowing, slashing or heavy grazing of flowering stems. Combine this with pasture improvement.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 90
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100lsurfactant or penetrant
spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/l)
Weedmaster®duo m 1l/3l noneWiper sponge or brush
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 10g/400l/ha surfactant boom spray soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.peR 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
brush-off® b 2.5g/100l surfactant spot spray soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.not for home garden use.
peR 13371 (exp.2017)
Three-horned bedstraw (Galium tricornutum)
carfentrazone-ethyl (400g/kg) + mCpa (500g/l)
affinity® + mCpa 500® G,I 50g + 500ml boom spray Cereals – post emergent. Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg) broadstrike® b 25g/ha surfactant boom spray post emergent. 6 whorls up to 10cm high.
Registered
imazethapyr (700g/l) spinnaker® b 70-100g/ha surfactant boom spray In faba beans and field peas – pre and post emergent. Refer to label.
Registered
Toetoe (Cortaderia richardii) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 91
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 10-13ml/1lsurfactant (if away from from waterways)
spot spray sept-mayfor best results apply after flowering. use higher rate for plants over 1m. for easier access slash or burn plants and allow to regrow to 1m.
Registered
Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum)
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 150-300ml/100l surfactant spot spray soil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops. Rosette to pre flowering.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 560ml-1.7l/ha boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. spray at rosette stage. use higher rates for larger plants. pastures, non agricultural areas and conservation tillage (direct drilling, surface sowing or fallow maintenance). pasture legumes including lucerne, clovers and medics may be damaged unless well protected by grasses. spot spraying is preferred.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 2,4-d amine 625 I 95ml/100l spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. spray at rosette stage.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 50 or 70l/ha boom spray pastures – Rosette stage to early flowering. Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) lontrel® I 250ml/100l surfactant spot spray pastures and fallow. treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Registered
clopyralid (300g/l) + mCpa (500g/l)
lontrel® + mCpa 500® I50-70ml + 1-1.5l/ha
surfactant boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards). Refer to label. spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm. pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. use higher rates on rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 92
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m
800ml-1l/ha – less than 12cm diameter rosettes 1-1.6l/ha –greater than 12cm diameter rosettes
boom spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. use higher rates on larger plants. prior to sowing a crop, fallow, non agricultural areas.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 1l/100l spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. peR 13371 (exp.2017)
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 700ml-1.5l/ha boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. spray seedlings only. use lower rates for seedlings and higher rates for larger plants. use 2l/ha for well developed plants.
Registered
mCpa (500g/l) mCpa 500® I 100-133ml/100l spot spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. spray seedlings only. use lower rates for seedlings and higher rates for larger plants.
Registered
Water caltrop (Trapa natans) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa. not currently known to occur in australia.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 93
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Water dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides)
glyphosate (360g/kg) Roundup biactive® m 1l/100l
spot spray – do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
this species is not listed specifically on any registered herbicide label. Roundup biactive® covers weeds in general and is suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered (under general weeds)
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Wons aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa.
diquat (200g/l) Reglone® l 400ml/100l surfactant spot spray
seek advice from a local nRm authority. apply as an overall spray to wet foliage thoroughly. Clear water is necessary for best results. use the higher rate for heavy infestations or deep or dirty water. Repeat applications 7-14 days later may be necessary for control of dense infestations.
Registered
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 10-13ml/1l
surfactant (if away from waterways). none (if near or within waterways)
spot spray – do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
apply when actively growing, at or beyond the early bloom stage. monitor site until eradication has been achieved. use higher rate on dense infestations. suitable for use near waterways - refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 94
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
manual removal
skim plants off the water and dispose by drying or composting
seek advice from the local nRm authority first. monitor site until eradication has been achieved.
Water soldier (Stratiotes aloides) aW
Report Report occurrences to your regional nRm authority or biosecurity sa. not yet known to occur in australia.
manual removal
skim plants off the water and dispose by drying or composting
seek advice from your regional nRm authority first. monitor site until eradication has been achieved.
Wild artichoke (Cynara cardunculus)
2,4-d (300g/l) + picloram (75g/l)
tordon®75-d I 125ml/100l surfactant spot spray soil residual. do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. do not apply near susceptible crops. use double rate at flowering.
Registered
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 1.6l/ha surfactant boom spray spray prior to flowering. Registered
dicamba (500g/l) kamba 500® I 100ml/100l surfactant spot spray spray prior to flowering. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 95
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 2.4l/ha surfactant boom spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. apply at rosette stage.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 400ml/100l surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. apply at rosette stage.
Registered
manual Removal Grub plants manual Removal ensure that the root system is removed to a depth of 150mm.
mCpa (250g/l) mCpa 250 I 2.1l/ha surfactant boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. non crops areas, fallow, rights of way. apply at rosette stage. Crop and pasture rates – refer to label
Registered
mCpa (250g/l) mCpa 250 I 140ml/100l surfactant spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. apply at rosette stage.
Registered
Willows (Salix spp.) Wons
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m undiluted none Cut stump suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Cut stump and apply herbicide immediately.
Registered
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m 1-1.3l/100l none
spot spray – do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
for plants less than 2m tall. add a penetrant of applying away from waterways. use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup biactive® m undiluted none stem inject suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. basal diameter 0-25cm 1ml/cut, basal diameter 25-60cm 2ml/cut.
Registered
manual Removal Remove by hand or machinery
picloram (43g/kg) gel Vigilant herbicide Gel® I 3-5mm thick layer none Cut stump Cut stump and apply herbicide immediately. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 96
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE gROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMINg COMMENTS LEgAL STATUS
Yellow burrweed (Amsinckia spp).
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 24-d amine 625 I 0.56-1.7l/ha boom spray
hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. pastures and non-agricultural areas. pasture legumes including lucerne, clover and medics may be damaged unless well protected by grasses. spot spraying is preferred. use lower rates on seedlings and higher rates on larger plants.
Registered
2,4-d amine (625g/l) 24-d amine 625 I 73ml/100l spot spray hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg) broadstrike® b 25g/ha surfactant boom spray Crops and pastures – refer to label. Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 800ml-1l/ha surfactant boom spray
non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. prior to sowing a crop or pasture with full soil disturbance by cultivations or sowing with a tyned implement. use higher rates late in the season or when treating under cold/overcast conditions.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® m 800ml/100l surfactant spot spray non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
manual removal manual Removal hand pull individual plants. ensure plant is not seeding.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
ally® b 5 or7g/100l surfactant boom spray use higher rate for larger weeds or dense infestations. soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
terbutryn 275g/l + mCpa amine (160g/l)
agtryne ma® C,I 1l/ha boom spray Cropping – refer to label comments. Registered
triasulfuron (750g/kg) logran®750WG b 30g/ha boom pre emergent control within wheat and other cereal crops – refer to label. Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 97
biosecurity sa, primary Industries and Regions south australia. alert Weeds fact sheets (various). urrbrae, south australia. Viewed may 2012, www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity/weeds/sa_alert_weeds/sa_alert_weed_list
biosecurity sa, primary Industries and Regions south australia (2009). Branched Broomrape On Farm Management Handbook. urrbrae, south australia. Viewed april 2012, www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/branched_broomrape/broomrape_management
environment protection authority (2005). Guidelines for Responsible Pesticide Use. adelaide , south australia. Viewed June 2012, www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Water/Guideline/guide_pesticides.pdf
environment protection authority (2007). Safe and Effective Herbicide Use: A handbook for near-water application produced by the environment protection authority. adelaide, south australia. Viewed June 2012, www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Water/Other/pesticide_water.pdf
Ivory, s. and mantel, s. (2013) A Guide to Biological Control in South Australia. south australian Research and development Institute. pdf available at www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity/weeds/biological_control_of_weeds
kondinin Group (2010). Field Crop Herbicide Guide 8. perth, Western australia.
nsW department of primary Industries (2011). Noxious and Environmental Weed Control Handbook, A Guide To Weed Control In Non-Crop, Aquatic and Bushland Situations 5th Edition. Grafton, new south Wales. Viewed June 2012 , www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/123317/Noxious-and-environmental-weed-control-handbook.pdf
south australian murray-darling basin natural Resources management board, pest plants facts sheets (various). murray bridge, south australia. Viewed may 2012, www.samdbnrm.sa.gov.au/Land/PestAnimalPlantControlProgram/PestPlantIdentification.aspx
Weeds society of Queensland Inc. (2011). Weeds of southern Queensland 3rd edition. toowoomba, Queensland.
australian pesticides and Veterinary medicines authority – Registered products and permit searches: www.apvma.gov.au
biosecurity sa – primary Industries and Regions sa – Weed identification and weed information: www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity
environment protection authority – Information regarding safe herbicide use: www.epa.sa.gov.au
natural Resources adelaide and mount lofty Ranges – Weed identification and information: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au
natural Resources alinytjara Wilurara – Weed identification and information: www.awnrm.sa.gov.au
natural Resources eyre peninsula – Weed identification and information: www.epnrm.sa.gov.au
natural Resources kangaroo Island – Weed identification and information: www.kinrm.sa.gov.au
natural Resources northern and Yorke – Weed information: www.nynrm.sa.gov.au
natural Resources south australian arid lands – Weed identification and information: www.saalnrm.sa.gov.au
natural Resources south australian murray-darling basin – aquatic and other weed identification and information: www.samdbnrm.sa.gov.au
natural Resources south east – Weed identification and information: www.senrm.sa.gov.au
Weed management society of south australia Inc. – Weed identification and information: www.wmssa.org.au
Weeds australia – the national weed website: www.weeds.org.au
Weedsmart – Information on herbicide resistance: www.weedsmart.org.au
RefeRenCes
useful WebsItes
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 98
ImaGe CRedItsAfrican feathergrass – © matt baker and tasmanian herbarium – ‘australian plant Image Index (apII)
African lovegrass – usda-nRCs plants database
African lovegrass – Joseph m. ditomaso, university of California – davis, bugwood.org
Alkali sida – Joseph m. ditomaso, university of California – davis, bugwood.org
Arrowhead (plant(s) – troy evans, Great smoky mountains national park, bugwood.org
Athel pine – ben shepherd
Bellyache bush (flower) – tony pernas, usdI national park service, bugwood.org Bellyache bush (leaf) – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Bathurst burr (flowerhead) – John m. Randall, the nature Conservancy, bugwood.org
Bathurst burr (leaf shape) – Robert Videki, doronicum kft., bugwood.org
Bifora (flowers, fruit, infestation, plant) – thomas meyer
Blackberry (fruit) – kate blood
Bladder campion – R.a. howard @ usda-nRCs plants database
Broad-kernel espartillo (habit) – ximena nazal m., Chile, www.viverosangabriel.cl
Broad-kernel espartillo (seed head) – ximena nazal m., Chile, www.viverosangabriel.cl
Bulbil watsonia (cormels) – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Bulbil watsonia (flower heads) – kate blood
Cane needlegrass (seedhead) – J.miller © Centre for australian national biodiversity Research
Catsclaw creeper – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Chilean needlegrass (seed heads) – Charles Grech
Chilean needlegrass (habit) – Jenny Conolly
Coolatai grass (plant) – paul Gillen
Cutleaf mignonette – Robert Videki, doronicum kft., bugwood.org
Dodder – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Eurasian watermilfoil – barry Rice, sarracenia.com, bugwood.org
Field bindweed ( flower/s) – norman e. Rees, usda agricultural Research service – Retired, bugwood.org Field bindweed (infestation) – norman e. Rees, usda agricultural Research service – Retired, bugwood.org
Field garlic (flower & seedhead) – ohio state Weed lab archive, the ohio state university, bugwood.org
Fireweed – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Gamba grass – nathan march, Qdaff
Horehound – John m. Randall, the nature Conservancy, bugwood.org
Horsetail – ohio state Weed lab archive, the ohio state university, bugwood.org
Lagarosiphon – Robert Videki, doronicum kft., bugwood.org
Lagarosiphon (plant) – Rohan Wells, national Institute of Water and atmospheric Research, bugwood.org
Leafy elodea (plant) – Robert Videki, doronicum kft., bugwood.org
Leafy elodea (structure) – Robert Videki, doronicum kft., bugwood.org
Lincoln weed (habit) – adrian harvey
Lincoln weed (flowers) – adrian harvey
Madeira vine – the nature Conservancy archive, the nature Conservancy, bugwood.org
May or Hawthorn (flower/s) – Robert Videki, doronicum kft., bugwood.org
May or Hawthorn (fruits) – piero amorati, ICCroce – Casalecchio di Reno, bugwood.org
Mesquite (flowers) – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Mexican feather grass – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Muskweed – andrea moro, luirig.altervista.org/pics
Noogoora burr complex – Jan samanek, state phytosanitary administration, bugwood.org
Nutgrass – Charles t. bryson, usda agricultural Research service, bugwood.org
Olive – piero amorati, ICCroce – Casalecchio di Reno, bugwood.org
Parkinsonia – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Parthenium – Charles t. bryson, usda agricultural Research service, bugwood.org
Parthenium – QdeedI
Perennial ragweed – howard f. schwartz, Colorado state university, bugwood.org
Pheasant’s eye – math knight, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:adonis-microcarpa001.jpg
Plumerillo – ximena nazal m., Chile, www.viverosangabriel.cl
Poison buttercup – Carey minteer, university of Georgia, bugwood.org
Primrose willow – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Senegal tea plant (flower/s) – Robert Videki, doronicum kft., bugwood.org Senegal tea plant (stem/s) – Robert Videki, doronicum kft., bugwood.org
Skeleton weed – steve dewey, utah state university, bugwood.org Skeleton weed (leaf) – Joseph m. ditomaso, university of California – davis, bugwood.org
Slender thistle – eric Coombs, oregon department of agriculture, bugwood.org
Soldier thistle – Javia martin
Soursob (flower/s) – barry Rice, sarracenia.com, bugwood.org Soursob (foliage) – barry Rice, sarracenia.com, bugwood.org
Spear thistle – steve dewey, utah state university, bugwood.org
Sweet briar – Robert Vidéki, doronicum kft., bugwood.org
Texas needle grass – larry allain
Three horned bedstraw – Chris evans, Illinois Wildlife action plan, bugwood.org
Three cornered garlic (plant(s) – Joseph m. ditomaso, university of California – davis, bugwood.org
Toe toe (flowerhead) – J.s. peterson @ usda-nRCs plants database Toe toe (plant) – J.s. peterson @ usda-nRCs plants database
Water caltrop (infestation) – John m. Randall, the nature Conservancy, bugwood.org
Water dropwort – erin stockschlaeder, fairfax County park authority, bugwood.org
Water hyacinth (flower) – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Water hyacinth (swollen leaf base) – forest & kim starr, starr environmental, bugwood.org
Water soldier – R.a. howard, usda-nRCs plants database
Willow – Richard Webb, self-employed horticulurist, bugwood.org
Yellow burrweed – paul Gillen
all other images belong to Biosecurity SA, Weeds & pest animals, (pIRsa) www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity/weeds