WEED IDENTIFICATION

TRI-CO. YOUNG FARMERS

MARCH 7, 2002

Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office

June 2002

Original Power Point Created by Joey Wells

WHAT IS A WEED?

A weed is a plant out of place.

WHAT EFFECTS DO WEEDS HAVE ON US TODAY?

WEEDS LOWER THE YIELD OF CROPS -

• COMPETE FOR WATER, NUTRIENTS, LIGHT, AND SPACE.– ONE WILD MUSTARD PLANT USES AS

MUCH N & P AS TWO OAT PLANTS– ONE PIGWEED PLANT MAY USE AS

MUCH WATER AS A CORN PLANT

WEEDS LOWER THE QUALITY OF CROPS -

• WEEDS AFFECT THE QUALITY OF HAY AND GRAIN USED FOR LIVESTOCK– MILK WILL TASTE LIKE WILD GARLIC

OR BITTER SNEEZEWEED IF EATEN– WEEDS CAN STAIN THE LINT OF

COTTON

WEEDS INTERFERE WITH CROP HARVEST -

• CAUSES DELAYS AND GREATER HARVEST LOSS.

• GRAIN MAY NEED DRYING IF HEAVILY INFESTED BY WEEDS

THE LIFE CYCLE OF WEEDS

THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF WEEDS BASED ON THEIR

LIFE CYCLE

• SUMMER ANNUALS

• WINTER ANNUALS

• BIENNIALS

• PERENNIALS

SUMMER ANNUALS

• GERMINATE IN THE SPRING AND DIE IN THE FALL AFTER THE FIRST FROST

• SEEDS MATURE AND SCATTER• MOST LIE DORMANT UNTIL SPRING• EXAMPLES – MORNING GLORY,

PIGWEED, COCKLEBUR, AND CRABGRASS

WINTER ANNUALS

• GERMINATE IN THE FALL OR WINTER

• PRODUCE SEED IN THE EARLY SUMMER AND THEN DIE

• SEEDS LIE DORMANT DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS

• EXAMPLES – WILD MUSTARD, CHICKWEED, AND HENBIT

BIENNIALS

• PRODUCE VEGETATIVELY FROM SEED THE FIRST SEASON

• BECOME DORMANT OVER THE WINTER

• PRODUCE FLOWERS AND SEED THE SECOND SEASON

• EXAMPLES – MUSK THISTLE, WILD CARROT, AND COMMON MULLEIN

PERENNIALS

• LIVE FOR THREE OR MORE YEARS• MOST PRODUCE SEED EACH YEAR

AFTER ESTABLISHMENT• DIVIDED INTO THREE CLASSES ON

THE BASIS OF REPRODUCTION– SIMPLE PERENNIAL– BULBOUS PERENNIAL– CREEPING PERENNIAL

SIMPLE PERENNIAL

• REPRODUCE PRIMARILY BY SEED

• EXAMPLE - DANDELION

BULBOUS PERENNIAL

• PROPAGATE BY BULBS OR BULBLETS AS WELL AS BY SEED

• EXAMPLES – WILD ONION AND WILD GARLIC

CREEPING PERENNIAL

• PROPAGATE BY MEANS OF RHIZOMES (UNDERGROUND STEMS), STOLONS (ABOVE GROUND STEMS), OR SPREADING ROOTS OR TUBERS, AS WELL AS BY SEED.

• EXAMPLES – JOHNSONGRASS > RHIZOMES AND SEED; BERMUDA GRASS > RHIZOMES, STOLONS, SEED

CARPETWEED

REDROOT PIGWEED

SPINY AMARANTH

POISON IVY

HONEYVINE MILKWEED

BUTTERFLY MILKWEED

TRUMPETCREEPER

JAPANESE HONEYSUCKLE

CORN COCKLE

HEARTLEAF DRYMARY

MOUSEEAR CHICKWEED

COMMON CHICKWEED

COMMON LAMBSQUARTERS

ASIATIC DAYFLOWER

HEMP DOGBANE

BRISTLY STARBUR

COMMON YARROW

COMMON RAGWEED

GIANT RAGWEED

MAYWEED CHAMOMILE

WHITE HEATH ASTER

SPANISHNEEDLES

CORNFLOWER

BLESSED THISTLE

ECLIPTA

ANNUAL FLEABANE

HORSEWEED

DOGFENNEL

HAIRY GALINSOGA

CUDWEED

BITTER SNEEZEWEED

CAMPHORWEED

PRICKLY LETTUCE

CAROLINA FALSE DANDELION

GROUNDSEL

GOLDENROD

SOWTHISTLE

DANDELION

COMMON COCKLEBUR

DICHONDRA

FIELD BINDWEED

DODDER

BIGROOT MORNINGGLORY

TALL MORNINGGLORY

CYPRESSVINE MORNINGGLORY

SMALLFLOWER MORNINGGLORY

WILD MUSTARD

SHEPHERDSPURSE

SWINECRESS

VIRGINIA PEPPERWEED

CITRONMELON

WILD CUCUMBER

BURCUCUMBER

YELLOW NUTSEDGE

PURPLE NUTSEDGE

VIRGINIA COPPERLEAF

WOOLLY CROTON

TROPIC CROTON

SPOTTED SPURGE

REDSTEM FILAREE

CAROLINA GERANIUM

BROOMSEDGE

BROADLEAF SIGNALGRASS

BERMUDAGRASS

CROWFOOTGRASS

LARGE CRABGRASS

BARNYARDGRASS

GOOSEGRASS

LITTLE BARLEY

FIELD SANDBUR

TORPEDOGRASS

TEXAS PANICUM

VASEYGRASS

ANNUAL BLUEGRASS

FOXTAIL

JOHNSONGRASS

SMUTGRASS

HENBIT

FLORIDA BETONY

PARTRIDGE PEA

SICKLEPOD

SHOWY CROTALARIA

FLORIDA BEGGARWEED

KUDZU

HEMP SESBANIA

WINTER VETCH

WILD GARLIC

ROUNDLEAF GREENBRIAR

PRICKLY SIDA

CUTLEAF EVENINGPRIMROSE

PRICKLYPEAR

YELLOW WOODSORREL

MAYPOP PASSIONFLOWER

COMMON POKEWEED

BRACTED PLANTAIN

BUCKHORN PLANTAIN

BROADLEAF PLANTAIN

KNOTWEED

PENNSYLVANIA SMARTWEED

RED SORREL

REDVINE

CURLY DOCK

BROADLEAF DOCK

EASTERN BRACKENFERN

COMMON PURSLANE

BUTTERCUP

BLACKBERRY

POORJOE

FLORIDA PUSLEY

WITCHWEED

COMMON MULLEIN

JIMSONWEED

SMOOTH GROUNDCHERRY

HORSENETTLE

SILVERLEAF NIGHTSHADE

BLACK NIGHTSHADE

WILD CARROT

PROSTRATE VERVAIN

BLUE VERVAIN

PEPPERVINE