Week 1 Stress

8/8/2019 Week 1 Stress

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FEM3105 (STRESS & COPING) 3(3+0)FEM3105 (STRESS & COPING) 3(3+0)

GROUP 2 M2-4; W4

Instructor: ZAINAL MADONDept. of Human Dev. & Family Studies

03-8946-7760

[email protected]



This course requires:This course requires:

at least 80% attendance

full concentrations active participations

proactive & innovative minds

positive ATTITUDE &behaviour

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Assessments:Assessments:

1. Test 1 (6th week) = (15%)

2. Individual assignments (15%)

Self analysis = Due: 2nd

week Article / Instrument analysis : Due Week 7

3. Group assignment (Due: 12th

Week)(15%)

4. Quiz = (15%; minimum 5 qz)5. Final exam = (40%)

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WHAT IS STRESS?WHAT IS STRESS?

Define stress ² write down youranswer

Think about WHAT normally stressedyou out.

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In general, people have their own understanding of In general, people have their own understanding of what is stress / copingwhat is stress / coping

y What is life?

y Philosophically, life is a journey with a purpose

y We encounter / interact / deal with people, places,

things, and events in life, in which help us obtainour goals

y Along the way we may become stressful

y

´Stress is a gift; it is about how we interact withthe worldµ ² Girdano, Dusek & Everly 2010

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STRESSFUL?STRESSFUL?

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Pressure

Anger

Strain

Under the

weather

Uptight

Being down

Anxiety

NervousnessDepressed

Upset

Tension

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HOW STRESSFUL ARE YOU

TODAY?

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WHAT IS STRESS?WHAT IS STRESS?

For next class:

Q ² find the best definition of stress. Properlycite the source and what do you think of thatdefinition (i.e why do you think it is a good

definition?

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Why do we need to studyWhy do we need to study

STRESS & COPING?STRESS & COPING?

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Why do we need to study STRESS?:Why do we need to study STRESS?:

The world is changing; change is inevitable

Interactions between & within familymembers / community or larger system may

induce various reactions Systemic approach acknowledged theinteractional effect of one unit of a systemonto the others

SO WHAT?

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Why do we need to study STRESS?:Why do we need to study STRESS?:

Various ́ modernµ illnesses are known to bepsychosomatic (physical symptoms, but may be

mentally/emotionally related)

Addressing the root cause may help to prevent,cure (or improve the situation)

Modern living development in various areasincluding challenging life demands, thusproduced modern ́ illnessµ

´Behaviour modification therapyµ may beneeded; to change by choice

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Define this picture:Define this picture:

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WHAT IS STRESS?:WHAT IS STRESS?:

Various definitions « (why?) Dictionary: .. A physical, chemical or

emotional factor that causes bodily ormental tension & may be a factor indisease causation ² Merriam Webster(1998)

A troubling situation, event or thought

(Anderson, 1978) A troubling event (Holmes, 1979)

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A condition in which there is great

discrepancy between the demands made

on an organism & the organism·s capablityto respond (Caplan, 1981)

Tindakbalas minda & fizikal yg terhasil drpd

permintaan (atau cabaran) mengikutsesuatu keadaan atau tempat; melibatkan

perasaan subjektif awalnya yg lama

kelamaan menjadi kacau apabila

cabaran/permintaan bertambah (Hatta)

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.. Is how a person appraises an event & adapts

to it (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985)

Any situation perceived as threatening one·s

well-being & difficult to handle (Weiten &Lloyd, 1994)

A state of tension that is created when aperson responds to the demands & pressures

that came from work, family & other external

sources, as well as those that are generatedfrom self-imposed demands, obligations & self

criticism (http://www.stressfree.com)

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1. Stress as Response (i.e physicalresponse such as headache; knot intummy, rashes etc)

2. Stress as Stimulus (outside force thatputs demands on oneself = stress ispressure/my BOSS is stress/stress is

having too much to do)

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3. Stress as a Transaction (an exchangebetween stimulus, one·s perception of it & the response it causes) i.e stress

is the muscle tension I get when Ithink about public speaking

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4. Stress as a holistic phenomenon(stress as a part of a larger whole ² part of individual·s physical, social,

spiritual, emotional & intellectual well-being) i.e stress is being a student orstress is feeling helpless in trying to

control one·s life

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STRESS IS«STRESS IS«

A holistic transactionbetween the individual & a

stressor that results in thebody·s mobilization of a

stress response (Blonna, R.2005)

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Holistic transaction

stress appraisal process involve potentialstressor, individual, & the environment;

influenced by one·s level of well-being &ability to cope with stressor at thatparticular moment, within the specific

environment

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A StressorAny stimulus appraised by the individual as

threatening or capable of causing harm or lossIs the ́ causeµ of the stress reaction; may be events,thoughts or demands2 types: processive & systemic stressors

Processive = elements in the environment perceivedby the organisms potential danger; do not causedanger directly, but are processed in the brain(cerebral cortex).The processed info is then sent via the limbic system

(brain that relate to emotion) in the hypothalamus,where they activate the supreme centers of theautonomic system; thus results in the fight or flight(confront or avoid)

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Systemic stressor = causes disturbance in

the organism·s homeostasis & the tissuenecrosis, hypotension or hypoxia

Often both types occur simultaneously;usually accompanied by pain / intensive

emotions

Stressor = Events or life changes that

brings about changes in family system(Pauline Boss, 1998)

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A Stress ResponseA set of physiological adaptations by the body tomaintain homeostasis in the face of threat, harm or

stress

*** The above definition acknowledged theimportance of one·s perception & coping in theappraisal of potential stressor Stress does not occurin vacuum (level of well-being + environmental

factors)

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Stress as a holistic phenomenon (stressas a part of a larger whole ² part of individual·s physical, social, spiritual,

emotional & intellectual well-being)

i.e stress is being a student or stressis feeling helpless in trying to control

one·s life

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Stress never occurs in vacuum«Stress never occurs in vacuum«

Macroenvironment Micro

environment

Physical

Spiritual

Cognitive

Emotional

Social

Environmental/occupational

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The web versionThe web version«http://www.isma.org.uk «http://www.isma.org.uk

Stress is:"The adverse reaction people have to

excessive pressures or other types of

demand placed on them."

Pressures may come from many differingsources

y when their combined effect is overwhelming,

stress occurs.

y This means that stress is not good for you.

y Stress is an unhealthy state of body or mind

or both.

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EUSTRESS vs DISTRESSEUSTRESS vs DISTRESS

y

Eustress is POSITIVEstress (or curative)

y Certain amount of stressis needed to motivate

human-beings

y

Distress is unpleasant ordisease producing stress

The eus & dis refer to the stressor, not the

impact of the stressor

Both can be equally taxing to the body

Stress is cumulative in nature

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