Week 2: The beginnings of journalism. American and Cypriot press: Comparative analysis

7/27/2019 Week 2: The beginnings of journalism. American and Cypriot press: Comparative analysis

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COMM-125 Introduction to Journalism

Section 1- Language of instruction English

Wednesdays 15:00-18:00

Venue: NEWTON Amphitheatre

Lecture no. 2

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The first American

newspaper, entitled:

Publ ick Occurrences

Both Forre ign and

Domest ick,

was published on

September 25, 1690,in Boston, Massachusetts


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by Richard Pierce (publisher and

owner) and

Benjamin Harris (editor),

who had previously published anewspaper in London.

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The paper was intended to be published

monthly,

"or, if any Glut of Occurrences happen,

oftener",

contained four six by ten inch pages, and

filled only three of them.

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No second edition was printed,

as the paper was shut down by the

British colonial authorities on

September 29th, 1690.

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The first Cypriot newspaper, entitled:

-Cyprus,

was published on

August 29, 1878, in Larnaka

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by Theodoulos F. Konstantinidis

(publisher, owner and editor)

who had previously published one

newspaper, with the name Cairo, and

one magazine with the title Efterpi, in

Alexandria Egypt, where he lived and

worked as a school teacher.

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Theodoulos F. Konstantinidis(1847-1900)


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The paper was intended to be

published once a week, i.e.

, as a weekly journal of

agriculture and commerce,

contained four 4730cm four-column

pages and was bilingual (2 Greekpages and 2 English ones).

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Due to the obvious differences

between the two issues,

like the subheading and the fact thatthe page numbers were not in

sequence,

you get the impression that they were

two different papers in the package of

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Even though the number of issues

published still remains unknown,

yet the paper was bought off by the

English company Henry S. King & Co.

and

finally closed due to financial

difficulties.

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Similarities:

Ferguson and Patten, in their co-

publication Journalism Today, say the

following on p. 10: In those [first] days,

newspapers that attempted to criticize

the government were guilty of sedition[treason], the stirring of rebellion.

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So during the first steps of the

American press/journalism there was

no freedom of expression, at least tothe extent that exists today.

There was also censorship.

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The same applied in the Cypriot case.

So this is the first similarity,

by the same oppressor:

the British colonial

government/administration

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Another similarity is the language.

Old Anglo-Saxon English on the one

hand (publick, foreign, domestick.

oftener) and

old, literary (katharevoosa) Greek

()

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A third similarity is that the press in

both countries, at its beginnings,

was inciting rebellion,

which brings us to the biggest, if notthe only, difference between the two:

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In America the press incited a rebellion

for FULL independence

In Cyprus, the Greek language press,

incited a rebellion for independence

from one administration (the

English/British) and become part(unify) of another administration (the

Greek)

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The press voices for FULL

independence (autonomy) of Cyprus at

the time were marginal.

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The first paper in the old Turkish

(Ottoman) language with Arabic

alphabet with the name mit (Hope),

was published in Larnaka in 1880

by the Armenian Alexan Sarafian

(owner) and Henry S. King & Co.(publisher).

It circulated only five issues.

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The second newspaper was Dik-El-

Shark (Rooster of the East), which

was published also by Sarafian on 16

June 1889,

while the first newspaper with a Turkish

owner, under the name Sadet (Issue),was published in Nicosia on July 11

1889.

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It was a weekly and the owner of it was

Kasap Ali Mehmet Emin Efendi.

After that came Zaman (Time), a

prominent, influential and important

Turkish Cypriot newspaper.

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The first Greek language Cypriot

magazine (Efterpi) was published in

Larnaka,

by Telesforo Maskalki, of Italian origin

Theodoulos F. Konstantinidis was the

editor of the magazine on November15 1881.

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It consisted of four pages and had the

size of 25X17cm.

It was a fortnight magazine (every two

weeks-15days).

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Returning to the history of American

press, the early newspapers carried

little actual news.

They were filled largely with essays,

letters, editorials and a fewadvertisements.

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Then in 1833 Benjamin Day founded

the New York Sun, filled it with news,

and sold it for only a penny.

Days staff covered the police beat,

wrote about tragedies and natural

disasters, and toned down theopinions. Thus was born the Penny

Press.

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Technological advances in the

nineteenth century, which is known as

the century of industrial revolution,

likethe telegraph (1838), the telephone

(1876) and the wireless (1896), altered

both the production, as well as the

dissemination process of the

journalistic product.

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The late nineteenth century saw an era

most journalists would rather forget,

the age ofYellow Journalism.

The term refers to an unethical,

irresponsible brand of journalism given

to hoaxes, altered photographs,screaming headlines, scoops, frauds

and endless promotion of newspapers

themselves.

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Yellow journalism

derives from the

name of the Yellow

Kid, a cartoon

character that

appeared in 1890s.

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The most notable of yellow journalists

were William Randolph Hearst,

publisher of the New York Journaland

Joseph Pulitzer, publisher of the New

York World.

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During the so called Muckraking period

of social consciousness and regretting,

Joseph Pulitzer decides to pursuit a

career in academia.

Knowing what his newspaper did, he

gives money and his will to ColumbiaUniversity in New York City to launch a

journalism school in order to create

public-spirited educated journalists.

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It w i l l be the ob ject of the co l lege to

make better journal is ts, who wi l l

make better newspapers, which w i l l

bet ter serve the publ ic, the Polishorigin owner and editor of The World

said. This U-turn move by Pulitzer was

the reason why the most prominent

journalistic prize, not only in the US,but the whole world (established in

1917) was given his name!

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The advent of radio, of TV and the

Internet later on,

marked and is still marking

the history of journalism worldwide.

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Week 2: The beginnings of journalism. American and Cypriot press: Comparative analysis

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