Week 2 - Verb Tenses

8/3/2019 Week 2 - Verb Tenses

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Session 2ENGLISH VERB TENSES

V Minh Huyn

ULIS VNU



Expressing time with verbs

Understanding the meanings of verb tenses

Applying the correct verb tenses

Dealing with irregular verb forms



A flatbed truck?

A sentence?



IDEAIDEA IDEA

Sentences

Verbs



Simplifying Matters:

The Tenses

Past Present Future

Simple

Progressive

Simple

Progressive

Simple

Progressive

It shows actions or states of

being at a point in time, but

it doesn¶t always pin down a

specific moment.

The other form is called

progressive. It shows actions

or a state of being in progress



Present Tense: Present tense tells

you what is going on right now

Present Simple

shows action or a

state of being that is

occurring now, thatis generally true, or

that is always

happening

Oll ie attendswrest l ing matches

every Sunday .

Present

Progressive

often implies a

process

Oll ie is pl aying hide-

and-seek with hisdog Spot.



Present Tense: Present tense tells

you what is going on right now

Unit 1 Activity 4 p.8

Match the sentences (1-6) with the uses

of the present simple and presentprogressive (a-f)

Answers:

1. e 2. c 3. d

4. b 5. f 6. a



Past Tense tells you what

happened before the present time Past Simple

often shows whathappened in thepast more generally

Gull iver went to thestore and bought c l othes for all his

l itt l e friends.

Past Progressive

often implies a process

may pinpoint action or astate of being at a

specific time or occurring in the past ona regular basis.

W hi l e Gull iver wasshopping, his friendswere pl anning their revenge.

Gull iver was shopping unti l he was dropping,despite his mother¶sstrict credit l imit.



Past Tense tells you what

happened before the present time


Work in pairs: Student A & Student B

Situation: Yesterday A & B were in ashop. Something unusual happened

Student A: Write the first half of 4sentences, using the past progressive

Student B: Write the second half of 4sentences, using the past simple

Combine your halves and see what youhave



Past Tense: ATTENTION!!!

So I go to the restaurant looking for

Cindy because I want to tell her about Grady¶s date with Eleanor. I

walk in and I see Brad Pitt! So I went

up to him and said, ³How are the

kids?´

mix past and present tenses in the same story



Future Tense talks about what has

not happened yet

Future Simple

You won¶t find much

difference between

these two.

T he actor wi ll pl ay Haml et with a great deal of shouting.

Future Progressive

The progressive

gives you slightly

more of a sense of being in the middle

of things.

T he actor wi ll be pl aying Haml et witha great deal of shouting.



Future Tense talks about what has

not happened yet


Work in pairs

Play the role of a fortune teller andmake predictions about the future of your partner

Use wi ll/ won¶t or going to / not going to

Say (only nice things!) about your futurecareer, love-life, luck, money situation,etc.

Include at least one surprise



Perfecting Verbs: Present

The two present perfect forms (Present

Perfect and Present Perfect

Progressive) show actions or states of

being that began in the past but are still

going on in the present.

These forms are used whenever any

action or state of being spans two timezones ² past and present.




Present Perfect

Roger and his friends

have spent almost

every penny of theinheritance.

Lulu¶s mortal enemy,

Roger, has pleaded

with her to become a

professional tattooist.

Present PerfectProgressive

Roger has been

studying marbleshooting for fifteen years

without learning any

worthwhile techniques.

Lulu and her mentor Lola have been counting

sheep all night.



Using Present Perfect Tense

Correctly

I have gone to the school cafeteria every day

for six years, and I have not yet found one

edible item.

Bertha has frequently called Charles, but

Charles has not called Bertha back.

This mixture of present (has, have) andpast is a clue to its use: present perfect

tense ties the past to the present.





Choose the rules which explain why

sentence 1b and 2b are wrong Answers:

1. (i) explains why 1b is wrong

2. (iv) explains why 2b is wrong



Perfecting Verbs: Past

Past Perfect and Past Perfect

Progressive places an action in the

past in relation to another action in the

past.

A timeline is set. The timeline begins

some time ago and ends at some point

before NOW. At least two events are on the timeline




Past Perfect

After she had sewn up

the wound, the doctor

real ized that her watchwas missing!

T he watch had ticked

for ten minutes before

the nurse discovered its

whereabouts.

Past Perfect

Progressive

T he patient had been

considering a l awsuit but changed his mind.

T he doctor had been

worrying about a

pending l awsuit, but her

patient dropped his

case.





Decide whether the speaker emphasize

the length of the action in sentence (i) or

(ii)

Example:

( i) By the time I got home they had eaten all the cake.

( ii) By the time I got home they had beeneating for two hours.

=> Answer : ( ii)





Answers:

a.(i)

b. (ii)



Perfecting Verbs: Future

Future Perfect and Future Perfect

Progressive talk about events or states of

being that have not happened yet in relation

to another event even further in the future.

A ppl eby wi ll have eaten the entire piece of fruit by the time the bell rings at the end of

recess. In other words, these forms create another

timeline, with at least two events or states of

being on it.




Future Perfect

When Appleby finally

arrives at grammar class, the teacher

will have already

outlined at least 504

grammar rules.

Future Perfect

Progressive

When the clocks strikes

four, Appleby will have

been chewing for 29

straight minutes without

swallowing even one bite.

By the time he swallows, Appleby¶s teacher will have

been explaining the virtues

of digestion to her class for

a very long time.





Talk to as many people in the class aspossible about what they think they will

have done by the time they are 40 Ask future perfect questions and note

down the answers

Examples:

W hat do you think you wi ll have done by the time you are 40?

Do you think you wi ll have got married by

the time you are 40?



Putting It in Order: Sequence of

Tenses

Case 1: Simultaneous events ² main verbs

Case 2: Simultaneous events ² verbals

Case 3: Events at two different times in the

past

Case 4: More than two past events, all at

different times

Case 5: Two events in the future

Case 6: Different times, different verb forms



Case 1: Simultaneous events ²

main verbs

If two actions take place at the same time (or

nearly the same time), use the same tense for

each verb.

Maya swiped a handkerchief and daintily blew

her noise.

Maya will be in court tomorrow, and the judge will

rule on her case.

Maya is extremely sad about the possibility of a

criminal record, but she remains hopeful.




verbals

Some verb forms don¶t act as the official

verb in the sentence; in fact, they don¶t

act as verbs at all, even though they

give you some information about an

event.

These verb forms are called verbals.




verbals

Swiping a handkerchief, Maya daintily

blows her nose.

Swiping a handkerchief, Maya daintilyblew her nose.

Swiping a handkerchief, Maya will

daintily blow her nose.



Case 3

Everything in the past happened at

exactly the same moment, right?

Unfortunately NOT



Case 3: Events at two different

times in the past

Maya had already swiped the handkerchief

when she discovered the joys of honesty.



Case 3: Events at two different

times in the past

After the song had been played at least

twelve times, Michael shouted, ³Enough!´

Event 1: The song is played twelve times

Event 2: Michael loses it



Quiz

Which sentence tells you about events

that happened at different times?

A. Slipping the judge a fifty-dollar bill,

Maya hoped for mercy.

B. Although she had slipped the judge

only one fifty-dollar bill, Maya hoped

for mercy.



Case 4: More than two past events,

all at different times

Maya had baked a cake and had inserted a

sharp file under the icing before she began

her stay in jail.



Quiz

Identify the events in this sentence and

put them in order .

Where patriots had fought and wise

founders had written a constitution, a

fast-food catfish restaurant stood.



Answer

Events 1 and 2: People with a better

idea fight the old government and write

a plan for a new government.

Event 3: In the free and successful

society that results, someone builds a

restaurant after suing the landmarks

preservation commission for the right totear down a historic building.



Case 5: Two events in the future

Ratrug will have completed all 433 college

applications before they are due.



Quiz

Which sentence is correct?

A.

Shakey will have tossed the saladtonight.

B. Shakey will have tossed the salad out

the window before anyone has a

chance to taste it.



Case 6: Different times, different

verb forms

Which sentence shows two events

happening at the same time, and which

shows two events happening at different

times?

A. Running up the clock, the mouse chatted

with his friends.

B. Having run up the clock, the mouse chatted

with his friends.



Homework

Activities and Practice exercises of units

1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 18 and 24 (Dean¶s

English Grammar Lessons)

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Week 2 - Verb Tenses

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