Infancy Piagets Sensory Sub-stages # 1 to 4 1) Reflexive
schemes / (0- 1 mos.) - Centering around the infants own
body(Reflexes: sucking, rooting & grasping) 2) Primary circular
reactions / (1- 4 mos.)- Repeated movements, centering around
infants body & objectsby chance 3) Secondary circular reactions
/ (4-8) - Infants repeat actions that include objects in their
environment; focus on reactions from the object & reactions of
others in the environment 4) A childs ability to relate 2 actions/
(8-12 mos.) Intentional behaviormoving Piagets hand out of the way
to get a desired object.
(Bowlby) Attachment The emotional bond between an infant and
their primary caregiver Phases of attachment Phase 1 (Birth 2
mos.): Indiscriminate Social Responsiveness Phase 2 (2-7 mos.):
Discriminate Social Responsiveness
Slide 5
Phase 3 (8-24 mos.): Focused Attachment Attachment is connected
to an infants emotional & physical development Wariness of
strangers- will cry and retreat to the mother in the presence of a
stranger. Separation protest (anxiety) - the infant will cry &
look for the mother when they are separated.
Slide 6
Mary Ainsworth (strange situation)separation anxiety
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHP_NikTkao Time: 3 min. 50
seconds
Slide 7
What happens when an infant does not develop a healthy
attachment? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TDogqEmKSE Attachment
styles: - Secure - Insecure - Avoidant/Ambivalent -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DH1m_ZMO7GU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DH1m_ZMO7GU
Slide 8
Small Group Discussion How does culture influence the
attachment process? Provide examples of your own
Slide 9
Emotions Fear is not shown until around 9 mos. (mobile/ depth
perception); visual cliff
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6cqNhHrMJA 2:36 Anger is exhibited
around 6 mos. Shame begins to be displayed around 18 mos.
Slide 10
Getting Ready for the next Topic Small Group Discussion Think
of a child that you knowhis/her behavior, how he/she responds to
the world, or people in the environment. Q: So, what is the reason
for the childs personality? Considering a childs personality, what
may be some concerns about the parent-child relationship,
Slide 11
Think of two (or three different children that you know) that
are 6-12 years old. How are they different? Why are they different?
Do the child(rens) parent(s) treat them differently because of the
child(rens) respective personality? Knowing about Temperament will
help answer these questions.
Slide 12
Temperament The aspect of personality, which includes emotional
expressiveness & responsiveness to environmental stimulation Is
meant to describe the behavioral style, reflecting
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgXwCqzh9B8 8:25 Predictions based
on stability of temperament are more accurate Stability of
temperament style (beyond 24 mos.) relies on: 1) childs ability to
make effortful control; 2) the childs experience
Slide 13
Thomas & Chess Goodness of fit 9 dimensions of temperament
3 main categories were identified
Slide 14
9 dimensions of temperament Activity- refers to how active a
child is Intensity- refers to the energy level of a childs response
Sensitivity- refers to how much stimulation is needed to evoke a
childs response
Slide 15
Adaptability- refers to how much time a child takes to adjust
to changes/intrusions/restrictions/transitions, etc. Approach
-Withdrawal- refers to a childs response to new things: food,
person, toy or place Persistence - refers to a childs tendency to
continue an activity until it is finished
Slide 16
Distractability- refers to how easily a child is drawn away
from an activity he or she is involved in Rhythmicity- refers to
the predictability of a childs sleep- wake cycle, hunger/eating
pattern, & elimination pattern Mood- refers to a childs
tendency to be smiling and cheerful as opposed to unsmiling &
thoughtful
Slide 17
3 Temperament Categories: The easy child- 40 % of sample The
difficult child- 10 % of sample The slow-to-warm-up child- 15 % of
sample 35 % of sample: did not fit any of the categories