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A SEMINAR PRESENTATION A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ONON MAGNETO HYDRO MAGNETO HYDRO

DYNAMICS (MHD) DYNAMICS (MHD) SYSTEMSYSTEM

ContentsContents1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Need of MHDsNeed of MHDs3.3. Principle Of MHD Power GenerationPrinciple Of MHD Power Generation4.4. Types of MHD SYSTEMTypes of MHD SYSTEM5.5. Open Cycle MHD SystemOpen Cycle MHD System6.6. Closed Cycle MHD SystemClosed Cycle MHD System7.7. Diffrence between Open Cycle and Diffrence between Open Cycle and

Closed Cycle MHD SystemClosed Cycle MHD System8.8. Advantages OF MHD SystemAdvantages OF MHD System9.9. Disadvantages of MHD SystemDisadvantages of MHD System10.10. ApplicationsApplications11.11. ConclusionConclusion

IntroductionIntroduction Magneto HydroDynamic (MHD) system is a Magneto HydroDynamic (MHD) system is a

non- conventional source of energy which is based non- conventional source of energy which is based upon Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, upon Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states that energy is generated due to the which states that energy is generated due to the movement of an electric conductor inside a movement of an electric conductor inside a magnetic field. magnetic field.

Concept given by Michael Faraday in 1832 for the first time.

MHD System widely used in advanced countries. Under construction in INDIA.

Need of MHDsNeed of MHDs

At present a plenty of energy is needed to At present a plenty of energy is needed to sustain industrial and agricultural production, sustain industrial and agricultural production, and the existing conventional energy sources and the existing conventional energy sources like coal, oil, uranium etc are not adequate to like coal, oil, uranium etc are not adequate to meet the ever increasing energy demands. meet the ever increasing energy demands. Consequently, efforts have been made for Consequently, efforts have been made for harnessing energy from several non-harnessing energy from several non-conventional energy sources like conventional energy sources like Magneto Magneto Hydro Dynamics(MHD) System.Hydro Dynamics(MHD) System.

Principle Of MHD Power Principle Of MHD Power GenerationGeneration

Faraday’s law of electromagnetic inductionFaraday’s law of electromagnetic induction : : When an electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, an emf is When an electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, an emf is induced in it, which produces an electric current .induced in it, which produces an electric current .

Lorentz ForceLorentz Force on the on the charged particle (vector),charged particle (vector),

F = q(v × B) F = q(v × B) where,where, v = velocity of the particle v = velocity of the particle

(vector)(vector) q= charge of the particle q= charge of the particle

(scalar)(scalar) B = magnetic field (vector)B = magnetic field (vector)

Comparison between a Turbo Comparison between a Turbo generator and a MHD generatorgenerator and a MHD generator

Types of Types of MHDMHD SYSTEMSYSTEM

(1)Open cycle System(1)Open cycle System

(2)Closed cycle System (2)Closed cycle System

(i)Seeded inert gas systems (i)Seeded inert gas systems

(ii) Liquid metal systems(ii) Liquid metal systems

OPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEMOPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEM

HYBRID MHD STEAM PART HYBRID MHD STEAM PART OPEN CYCLEOPEN CYCLE

CLOSED CYCLE MHD CLOSED CYCLE MHD SYSTEMSYSTEM

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN CYCLE AND CLOSED CYCLE CYCLE AND CLOSED CYCLE

SYSTEM SYSTEM Open Cycle SystemOpen Cycle System Working fluid after generating Working fluid after generating

electrical energy is discharged electrical energy is discharged to the atmosphere through a to the atmosphere through a stack .stack .

Operation of MHD generator is Operation of MHD generator is done directly on combustion done directly on combustion products .products .

Temperature requirement : Temperature requirement : 2300˚C to 2700˚C.2300˚C to 2700˚C.

More developed.More developed.

Closed Cycle SystemClosed Cycle System Working fluid is recycled to the Working fluid is recycled to the

heat sources and thus is used heat sources and thus is used again.again.

Helium or argon(with cesium Helium or argon(with cesium seeding) is used as the working seeding) is used as the working fluid. fluid.

Temperature requirement : about Temperature requirement : about 530˚C.530˚C.

Less developed.Less developed.

NEED FOR FURTHER NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCHRESEARCH

The MHD channel operates on extreme conditions of The MHD channel operates on extreme conditions of temperature, magnetic and electric fields .temperature, magnetic and electric fields .

So, numerous technological advancements are needed So, numerous technological advancements are needed prior to commercialization of MHD systems .prior to commercialization of MHD systems .

Search is on for better insulator and electrode Search is on for better insulator and electrode materials which can with stand the electrical, thermal, materials which can with stand the electrical, thermal, mechanical and thermo-chemical stresses and mechanical and thermo-chemical stresses and corrosion. corrosion.

ADVANTAGES OF ADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEMMHD SYSTEM

Conversion efficiency of about 50% .Conversion efficiency of about 50% . Less fuel consumption.Less fuel consumption. Large amount of pollution free power generated .Large amount of pollution free power generated . Ability to reach full power level as soon as started. Ability to reach full power level as soon as started. Plant size is considerably smaller than Plant size is considerably smaller than

conventional fossil fuel plants .conventional fossil fuel plants . Less overall generation cost.Less overall generation cost. No moving parts, so more reliable .No moving parts, so more reliable .

DISADVANTAGES OF DISADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEMMHD SYSTEM

Suffers from reverse flow (short circuits) of Suffers from reverse flow (short circuits) of electrons through the conducting fluids around the electrons through the conducting fluids around the ends of the magnetic field. ends of the magnetic field.

Needs very large magnets and this is a major Needs very large magnets and this is a major expense. expense.

High friction and heat transfer losses.High friction and heat transfer losses. High operating temperature.High operating temperature. Coal used as fuel poses problem of molten ash Coal used as fuel poses problem of molten ash

which may short circuit the electrodes. Hence, oil which may short circuit the electrodes. Hence, oil or natural gas are much better fuels for or natural gas are much better fuels for MHDs. Restriction on use of fuel makes the MHDs. Restriction on use of fuel makes the operation more expensive. operation more expensive.

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

Power generation in space craft.Power generation in space craft.

Hypersonic wind tunnel experiments.Hypersonic wind tunnel experiments.

Defense application.Defense application.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

The MHD power generation is in advanced stage today The MHD power generation is in advanced stage today and closer to commercial utilization. Significant progress and closer to commercial utilization. Significant progress has been made in development of all critical components has been made in development of all critical components and sub system technologies. Coal burning MHD and sub system technologies. Coal burning MHD combined steam power plant promises significant combined steam power plant promises significant economic and environmental advantages compared to economic and environmental advantages compared to other coal burning power generation technologies. It will other coal burning power generation technologies. It will not be long before the technological problem of MHD not be long before the technological problem of MHD systems will be overcame and MHD system would systems will be overcame and MHD system would transform itself from non- conventional to conventional transform itself from non- conventional to conventional energy sources. energy sources.

THANK YOU !!THANK YOU !!