Welcome and Introduction to:Welcome and Introduction to: VOED 6513 VOED 6513

History and Principles of History and Principles of Vocational EducationVocational Education

Dr. David M. AgnewDr. David M. Agnew

Associate Professor Associate Professor

Arkansas State UniversityArkansas State University

HistoryHistory

Main Entry: his·to·ryMain Entry: his·to·ry Pronunciation: 'his-t(&-)rEPronunciation: 'his-t(&-)rE Function: nounFunction: noun Inflected Form(s): plural -riesInflected Form(s): plural -ries Etymology: Latin historia, from Etymology: Latin historia, from

Greek, inquiry, history, from histOr, Greek, inquiry, history, from histOr, istOr knowing, learned; akin to istOr knowing, learned; akin to Greek eidenai to know.Greek eidenai to know.

What is History?What is History?

Webster’s definitionsWebster’s definitions– An account of what has An account of what has

happened, especially to people, happened, especially to people, country, etc. country, etc.

– All recorded past eventsAll recorded past events– the branch of knowledge that the branch of knowledge that

deals systematically with the deals systematically with the past. past.

– A known or recorded pastA known or recorded past

What is History?What is History?….….ContinuedContinued

A narrative of events; a story. A narrative of events; a story. A chronological record of events, as of the A chronological record of events, as of the

life or development of a people or life or development of a people or institution, often including an explanation institution, often including an explanation of or commentary on those events.of or commentary on those events.

History is a methodical record of important History is a methodical record of important events which concern a community of events which concern a community of men, usually so arranged as to show the men, usually so arranged as to show the connection of causes and effects, to give connection of causes and effects, to give an analysis of motive and action etc.an analysis of motive and action etc.

Is History Important?Is History Important?

Is it worth our time to look back?Is it worth our time to look back? Will knowing history affect the future?Will knowing history affect the future? Will we become confused with the Will we become confused with the

past?past? Will knowing history help us make Will knowing history help us make

better decisions? better decisions? Would we be better off not knowing Would we be better off not knowing

the past?the past?

YesYes NoNo

MaybeMaybe

Usefulness of any knowledge Usefulness of any knowledge depends on what you “do with it “. depends on what you “do with it “.

History can become an invisible History can become an invisible barrier if we are not careful.barrier if we are not careful.

What do the great What do the great thinkers and leaders thinkers and leaders

throughout history say throughout history say about history?about history?

Marcus Tullius Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero Roman statesman 106-43 BCRoman statesman 106-43 BC

History is the History is the witness that witness that testifies to the testifies to the passing of time; it passing of time; it illumes reality, illumes reality, vitalizes memory, vitalizes memory, provides guidance provides guidance in daily life, and in daily life, and brings us tidings of brings us tidings of antiquity. antiquity.

ShakespeareShakespeare

There is a history in There is a history in all men’s lives. all men’s lives.

Napoleon Napoleon

"History is the "History is the version of past version of past events that events that people have people have decided to agree decided to agree upon." upon."

Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826Third President, 1801-1809Third President, 1801-1809

If a nation expects If a nation expects to be ignorant and to be ignorant and free, in a state of free, in a state of civilization, it civilization, it expects what never expects what never was and never will was and never will be. be.

Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau (1817-(1817-1862)1862)

"Books are the carriers "Books are the carriers of civilization. Without of civilization. Without books, history is silent, books, history is silent, literature dumb, literature dumb, science crippled, science crippled, thought and thought and speculation at a speculation at a standstill."standstill."

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

Fellow Citizens, we cannot Fellow Citizens, we cannot escape historyescape history

(Upon the subject of (Upon the subject of education) I can only say education) I can only say that I view it as the most that I view it as the most important subject which we important subject which we as a people can be engaged as a people can be engaged in. That every man may in. That every man may receive at least, a moderate receive at least, a moderate education and thereby be education and thereby be enabled to read the enabled to read the histories of his own…. histories of his own….

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.1841 –1935. U.S. Supreme Court 1841 –1935. U.S. Supreme Court

JudgeJudge

"A page of history is "A page of history is worth a pound of worth a pound of logic." logic."

““Young man, the Young man, the secret of my success secret of my success is that at an early age is that at an early age I discovered that I I discovered that I was not God. was not God. Oliver Oliver

Wendell Holmes, JrWendell Holmes, Jr..

Sir Winston ChurchillSir Winston ChurchillBritish Prime Minister during British Prime Minister during WWIIWWII

"For my part, I consider "For my part, I consider that it will be found much that it will be found much better by all parties to better by all parties to leave the past to history, leave the past to history, especially as I propose to especially as I propose to write that history myself." write that history myself."

History will be kind to me, History will be kind to me, for I intend to write it. for I intend to write it.

H. G. Wells (1866-1946) H. G. Wells (1866-1946) AuthorAuthor

"Human history "Human history becomes more and becomes more and more a race between more a race between education and education and catastrophe.“catastrophe.“

Best known for THE TIME Best known for THE TIME MACHINE (1895), one of the MACHINE (1895), one of the first modern science fiction first modern science fiction stories, THE INVISIBLE MAN stories, THE INVISIBLE MAN (1897), and THE WAR OF THE (1897), and THE WAR OF THE WORLDS (1898). WORLDS (1898).

Harry S Truman (1884-Harry S Truman (1884-1972)1972)

"Men make history, and "Men make history, and not the other way around. not the other way around. In periods where there is In periods where there is no leadership, society no leadership, society stands still. Progress stands still. Progress occurs when courageous, occurs when courageous, skillful leaders seize the skillful leaders seize the opportunity to change opportunity to change things for the better.things for the better.

Lyndon Baines Johnson,Lyndon Baines Johnson, 1908 –1908 –19731973

Thirty-Sixth President, 1963-1969Thirty-Sixth President, 1963-1969

On the subject of On the subject of history….The history….The knowledge of knowledge of which gives which gives dimension to the dimension to the present, direction present, direction to the future, and to the future, and humility to the humility to the leaders of men. leaders of men.

Albert CooperAlbert Cooper

"A true history of human events "A true history of human events would show that a far larger would show that a far larger proportion of our acts as the proportion of our acts as the results of sudden impulses and results of sudden impulses and accident, than of the reason of accident, than of the reason of which we so much boast." which we so much boast."

Robert Heinlein, The Robert Heinlein, The Notebooks of Lazurus Notebooks of Lazurus

LongLong

"A generation which ignores "A generation which ignores history has no past and no future."history has no past and no future."

John GardnerJohn GardnerWWII Vet. Former Secretary of HEW, Author, etc.WWII Vet. Former Secretary of HEW, Author, etc.

"History never looks like history when "History never looks like history when you are living through it.“ you are living through it.“ quoted by Bill Moyersquoted by Bill Moyers

““We don't even know what skills may be needed in the We don't even know what skills may be needed in the years ahead. That is why we must train our young people years ahead. That is why we must train our young people in the fundamental fields of knowledge, and equip them in the fundamental fields of knowledge, and equip them to understand and cope with change. That is why we to understand and cope with change. That is why we must give them the critical qualities of mind and durable must give them the critical qualities of mind and durable qualities of character that will serve them in qualities of character that will serve them in circumstances we cannot now even predict."circumstances we cannot now even predict." John Gardner, "Excellence "" John Gardner, "Excellence ""

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1882-Franklin D. Roosevelt 1882-19451945

Thirty-Second President 1933-1945Thirty-Second President 1933-1945

Books cannot be Books cannot be killed by fire. killed by fire. People die but People die but books never die. books never die. No man and no No man and no force can abolish force can abolish memory…….memory…….

Armstrong WilliamsArmstrong Williams

We need such reminders every We need such reminders every now and again to keep us now and again to keep us grounded in reality and keep the grounded in reality and keep the most important events of our most important events of our history from becoming footnotes history from becoming footnotes in our memoryin our memory..– The unforgettable power of' `Beloved' Relevancy: 93; The unforgettable power of' `Beloved' Relevancy: 93;

(The Washington Times ) Armstrong Williams; 10-17- (The Washington Times ) Armstrong Williams; 10-17-19981998

Jack HandeyJack HandeyAuthor/Humorist Author/Humorist

Many people think that history is a dull Many people think that history is a dull subject. Dull? Is it "dull" that Jesse James once subject. Dull? Is it "dull" that Jesse James once got bitten on the forehead by an ant, and at got bitten on the forehead by an ant, and at first it didn't seem like anything, but then the first it didn't seem like anything, but then the bite got worse and worse, so he went to a bite got worse and worse, so he went to a doctor in town, and the secretary told him to doctor in town, and the secretary told him to wait, so he sat down and waited, and waited, wait, so he sat down and waited, and waited, and waited, and waited, and then finally he and waited, and waited, and then finally he got to see the doctor, and the doctor put got to see the doctor, and the doctor put some salve on it? You call that dull? some salve on it? You call that dull?

The Devil's Dictionary -- The Devil's Dictionary -- 19111911

HISTORY, n. An account mostly false, of HISTORY, n. An account mostly false, of events mostly unimportant, which are events mostly unimportant, which are brought about by rulers mostly knaves, and brought about by rulers mostly knaves, and soldiers mostly fools. Ambrose Bierce soldiers mostly fools. Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914) (1842-1914)

Henry FordHenry Ford

"History is more or less "History is more or less bunk." bunk."

In the 1940s Ford was sued for patent rights infringement by Harry Ferguson and was forced to pay the largest settlement every paid for stealing a patent.

Ford has a better Ford has a better IdeaIdea

Misc… QuotesMisc… Quotes The past is always a rebuke to the present. The past is always a rebuke to the present.

Robert Penn WarrenRobert Penn Warren History is the record of encounters between History is the record of encounters between

character and circumstance. character and circumstance. Donald CreightonDonald Creighton History is not history unless it is the truth. History is not history unless it is the truth.

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln History is lies agreed upon.History is lies agreed upon. When a person dies a library of information dies When a person dies a library of information dies

with them.with them. All law and the enforcement requires a knowledge All law and the enforcement requires a knowledge

of history.of history. Progress in Research is based upon a record of the Progress in Research is based upon a record of the

past. past. The future ani’t what it used to be.The future ani’t what it used to be.

Subject: Freshmen ClassSubject: Freshmen Class

Just in case you weren't feeling too old Just in case you weren't feeling too old today, this will certainly change things. today, this will certainly change things. Each year, the staff at Beloit College in Each year, the staff at Beloit College in Wisconsin puts together a list to try to Wisconsin puts together a list to try to give the faculty a sense of the mindset give the faculty a sense of the mindset of that year's incoming freshmen. of that year's incoming freshmen. Here's this year's list: Here's this year's list:

1 The people who are starting college 1 The people who are starting college this fall across the nation were born in this fall across the nation were born in 1980.1980.

Freshman Class of 1999 Freshman Class of 1999 continued ....continued ....

2. They have no meaningful recollection 2. They have no meaningful recollection of the Reagan Era and did not knowof the Reagan Era and did not know he had ever been shot. he had ever been shot.

3. They were prepubescent when the 3. They were prepubescent when the Persian Gulf war was waged.Persian Gulf war was waged.

4. Black Monday 1987 is as significant to 4. Black Monday 1987 is as significant to them as the Great Depression.them as the Great Depression.

5. There has been only one Pope. They 5. There has been only one Pope. They can only really remember one presidentcan only really remember one president

Freshman Class of 1999 Freshman Class of 1999 continued....continued....

6. They were 11 when the Soviet Union 6. They were 11 when the Soviet Union broke apart and do not remember the broke apart and do not remember the Cold War.Cold War.

7. They have never feared a nuclear war. 7. They have never feared a nuclear war. "The Day After" is a pill to them, not a "The Day After" is a pill to them, not a movie.movie.

8. They are too young to remember the 8. They are too young to remember the space shuttle blowing up, and Tiananmen space shuttle blowing up, and Tiananmen Square means nothing to them.Square means nothing to them.

9. Their lifetime has always included AIDS9. Their lifetime has always included AIDS

Freshman Class of 1999 Freshman Class of 1999 continued....continued....

10. They never had a Polio shot, and likely do 10. They never had a Polio shot, and likely do not know what it is.not know what it is.

11. Bottle caps have not only always been 11. Bottle caps have not only always been screw off, but have always been plastic. They screw off, but have always been plastic. They have no idea what a pull-top can looks like.have no idea what a pull-top can looks like.

12. Atari pre-dates them, as do vinyl albums.12. Atari pre-dates them, as do vinyl albums. 13. The expression "you sound like a broken 13. The expression "you sound like a broken

record" means nothing to them.record" means nothing to them. 14. They have never owned a record player.14. They have never owned a record player.

Freshman Class of 1999 Freshman Class of 1999 continued....continued....

15. They have likely never played Pac 15. They have likely never played Pac Man and have never heard of Pong.Man and have never heard of Pong.

16. Star Wars look very fake to them, 16. Star Wars look very fake to them, and the special effects are pathetic.and the special effects are pathetic.

17. There have always been red M&Ms, 17. There have always been red M&Ms, and blue ones are not new. What do and blue ones are not new. What do you mean there used to be beige ones?you mean there used to be beige ones?

18. They may have heard of an 8-track, 18. They may have heard of an 8-track, but chances are they probably never but chances are they probably never have actually seen or heard one.have actually seen or heard one.

Freshman Class of 1999 Freshman Class of 1999 continued....continued....

19. The Compact Disc was introduced 19. The Compact Disc was introduced when they were 1 year old.when they were 1 year old.

20. As far as they know, stamps have 20. As far as they know, stamps have always cost about 32 cents. (Accurate always cost about 32 cents. (Accurate until recently.)until recently.)

21. They have always had an answering 21. They have always had an answering machine.machine.

22. Most have never seen a TV set with 22. Most have never seen a TV set with only 13 channels, nor have they seen a only 13 channels, nor have they seen a black-and-white TV.black-and-white TV.

Freshman Class of 1999 Freshman Class of 1999 continued....continued....

23. They have always had cable.23. They have always had cable. 24. There have always been VCRs, but 24. There have always been VCRs, but

they have no idea what BETA is.they have no idea what BETA is. 25. They cannot fathom not having a 25. They cannot fathom not having a

remote control.remote control. 26. They were born the year that 26. They were born the year that

Walkmen were introduced by Sony.Walkmen were introduced by Sony. 27. Roller-skating has always meant 27. Roller-skating has always meant

inline for them.inline for them.

Freshman Class of 1999 Freshman Class of 1999 continued..continued..

28. The Tonight Show has always been 28. The Tonight Show has always been with Jay Leno.with Jay Leno.

29. They have no idea when or why 29. They have no idea when or why Jordache jeans were cool.Jordache jeans were cool.

30. Popcorn has always been cooked in 30. Popcorn has always been cooked in a microwave.a microwave.

31. They have never seen Larry Bird 31. They have never seen Larry Bird play, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is a play, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is a football player.football player.

Freshman Class of 1999 Freshman Class of 1999 continued....continued....

32. They never took a swim and 32. They never took a swim and thought about Jaws.thought about Jaws.

33. The Vietnam War is as ancient 33. The Vietnam War is as ancient history to them as WWI, WWII, or even history to them as WWI, WWII, or even the Civil War.the Civil War.

34. They have no idea that Americans 34. They have no idea that Americans were ever held hostage in Iran.were ever held hostage in Iran.

35. They can't imagine what hard 35. They can't imagine what hard contact lenses are.contact lenses are.

Freshman Class of 1999 Freshman Class of 1999 continued....continued....

36. They don't know who Mork was or 36. They don't know who Mork was or where he was from.where he was from.

37. They never heard the terms: 37. They never heard the terms: "Where's the beef?", "I'd walk a mile for a "Where's the beef?", "I'd walk a mile for a Camel," or "de plane, de plane!”Camel," or "de plane, de plane!”

38. They do not care who shot J.R. and 38. They do not care who shot J.R. and have no idea who J.R. is.have no idea who J.R. is.

39. The Titanic was found? I thought we 39. The Titanic was found? I thought we always knew where it was.always knew where it was.

Freshman Class of 1999 Freshman Class of 1999 continued...continued...

40. Michael Jackson has always been 40. Michael Jackson has always been white.white.

41. Kansas, Chicago, Boston, America, 41. Kansas, Chicago, Boston, America, and Alabama are places, not groups.and Alabama are places, not groups.

42. McDonald's never came in 42. McDonald's never came in styrofoam containers.styrofoam containers.

43. There has always been MTV.43. There has always been MTV.

What does that have to What does that have to do with us???????do with us???????

There are things that I think other people There are things that I think other people know…. But they don’t!!!know…. But they don’t!!!

I base my actions on my experience and I base my actions on my experience and knowledge… but others sometimes do not knowledge… but others sometimes do not understand the background for my understand the background for my decisions.decisions.

When we see the big picture we are more When we see the big picture we are more likely to understand….But without history I likely to understand….But without history I (we) can only see part of reality. The part (we) can only see part of reality. The part which we experience first hand.which we experience first hand.

The question posed at the The question posed at the beginning of this beginning of this

presentation presentation

YES

Is History Is History Important?Important?

The only good histories are those The only good histories are those that have been written by the that have been written by the persons themselves who persons themselves who commanded the affairs whereof commanded the affairs whereof they write. -they write. -Michael de MontaigneMichael de Montaigne

It takes a great deal of history to It takes a great deal of history to produce a little literature. produce a little literature. - -HawthorneHawthorne

In books lies the soul of the whole Past In books lies the soul of the whole Past Time: the articulate audible voice of Time: the articulate audible voice of the past, when the body and material the past, when the body and material substance of it has altogether vanished substance of it has altogether vanished like a dream. - "Happy are the like a dream. - "Happy are the people whose annals are blank in people whose annals are blank in history books" history books" Thomas CarlyleThomas Carlyle

People will not look forward to posterity People will not look forward to posterity who never look backward to their who never look backward to their ancestors. -ancestors. -Edmund BurkeEdmund Burke

To understand a science it is To understand a science it is necessary to know its history. necessary to know its history. - -Auguste Auguste Isidore ComteIsidore Comte

The progress of thought. The progress of thought. - -Alfred North WhiteheadAlfred North Whitehead

A people’s memory.A people’s memory. --Isaac PeretzIsaac Peretz