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Welcome
Ni Hao. My name is (insert name here). I work for some institution. It is over there. I am here today to talk to you about how to improve your presentation skills. Over the next hour, I plan on reviewing 384 slides with you.
If you are still reading this, then you are no longer listening to me. This is a problem because you came to hear ME speak. If you wanted to read a bunch of slides, then why waste time listening to me. Maybe you liked it when your parents read to you. Maybe you like the cool colors and fonts I’m now using. Maybe you thought this was a laser show.
Regardless, STOP reading and start listening to me. Otherwise it will get really hard as the fonts change and get smaller. I bet you really wish that you could read this.
If It Works, It’s Good
• These are suggestions, not rules
• You can ignore everything here and still give a great presentation
90 second rule
• The first 90 seconds of any presentation are crucial.
• The audience is evaluating you and forming an impression.
Know Your AudienceFirst and most important rule: KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE
Different audiences need different types of talks
Fellow experts Technical jargon OK, Details good
Briefing for Colleagues Some jargon OK, less detailed
General Audience Minimal jargon, “Big Picture” only
Know what style is appropriate for your intended audience
Photos• First and most important rule: KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE
• Offer handouts…..after the presentation
• Offer papers, patents, slides, etc
• Offer information about YOU
• Contact me at – [email protected]
Visual Aids
• You are the primary visual aid
• Remember the word “Visual”
• Keep it simple
• Do not talk to the screen!
Reading Is Bad
The practice of putting huge blocks of text on a slide and then reading every single word to the audience probably accounts for half of the problems people have with PowerPoint. Most people in the audience will be able to read the text faster than you can say it out loud. Those who can’t will be so busy reading it that they’ll tend to miss what you’re saying.
Keep words on slides to a minimum
This goes double for math/equations
Slide Structure – Good
• Use 1 - 2 slides per minute
• Use key words and phrases
• Include 4 - 5 points per slide, OR……
Slide Structure – Good
• Helps audience concentrate
• Prevents audience from reading ahead
• Keeps your presentation focused
Slide Structure - Bad
This page contains too many words for a presentation slide. It is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your audience to read and for you to present each point. Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it looks much more complicated. In short, your audience will spend too much time trying to read this paragraph instead of listening to you
Bad Example– Hydrocracking works by first saturating aromatic rings and
then cracking the saturated ring systems. This generally results in reduced aromaticity in products. The more aromatic rings coupled together (fused) on a molecule the greater the hydrogen consumption during saturation.
– Aromatic type analysis will provide operations and/or optimization with insight into the ease of processing and impact, operating temperature, hydrogen consumption, and expected conversion, thus enabling feed stock optimisation.
– The carbon in aromatic cores relative to that in aliphatic chains and rings informs the degree of crackability and product slate qualities.
– Due to the complex interactions between saturation, cracking, ring opening and isomerisation, process models used in unit optimisation and LP’s require a good understanding of feedstock aromaticity.
Equation 1
Equation 2
Equation 3
Equation 4
First set of equations
Even more equations
Another Bad Example
Another Bad Example• And even more, this time with a reference
(xxxx), JFM, xxx, 213-241, and color
2
2 2
0.5 0.5c CO H
20.5 0.5c CO OH H O H
=1
kK p pr
K p p p
b
K
2d g pF =3 d U V f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM( - )( )
3
10= 0.7f
(1- )
( )
2 3
1 3 0.5=
1 0.681 8.48 8.16f
(1- ) (135/ 64)(1- ) l n(1- )+17. 14(1- )
( )(1- ) (1- ) (1- )
for ε<0.6
for ε>0.6.
b = 0~0.1, indicating the activity of the catalyst
Slide Design
Keep Background Images Simple
Complicated background images make text disappear
Use solid colors, or simple patterns
Use animation sparingly
Slide Structure - Bad
• No distracting animation
• Don’t go overboard with animation
• Be consistent with animation
Slide Design1) Text Is Still Bad
2) Use high-contrast fonts and colors
Certain colors are nearly invisible on some backgrounds
Be aware of or sensitive to people with visual impairments, like colorblindness
Don’t use complicated fonts or tiny little text
An A4 printout should be readable from ~3 meters
Fonts - Good
• At least a 24-point font
• Use different size fonts
– main points
– secondary points
• Use a standard font
Fonts - Bad
• If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written
• CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT IS DIFFICULT TO READ
• Don’t use a complicated font
Font Color - Bad• Using a font color that does not contrast with the
background color is hard to read
• Using color for decoration is distracting and annoying.
• Using a different color for each point is unnecessary
– Using a different color for secondary points is also unnecessary
• Trying to be creative can also be bad
Background & Fonts - Good
• Attractive but simple
• Words should contrast with the background
• Be consistent throughout presentation
• Emphasize a point
– But only use this occasionally
Background - Bad
• Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or difficult
to read from
• Always be consistent with the background that you
use
Example - Bad
1. Improvement of catalyst for syngas to bijou in one-step synthesis
Non-X-based catalysts
The active temperature could match that of something
Could synergistically catalyze reaction with something
2. Improvement of process of syngas to bijou via beer
The roles of metal in ZX-zeolite
The roles of X2 in feed gases
Mechanism of some formation over something with some atmosphere
Improve performance & stability of reactions
Spelling and Grammar
• Proof your slides for:
– speling mistakes
– use of of of repeated words
– grammatical errors
• Have someone else proof your slides
Graphs - Good
• Use graphs rather than just charts and words
– Data in graphs is easier to comprehend & retain than raw
data
– Trends are easier to visualize in graph form
• Always title your graphs
• Label your axis clearly
• Don’t put everything into one graph
Graphs - Bad
• Remember your significant digits
Milk and Cream 0.36301710
Grapes 0.26508730
Nursery Products 0.20874470
Lettuce 0.13700040
Graphs - GoodAnnual flash gas production by unit
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2001 2002 2003 2004
kscf
h
Aromatics Unit 2IsomerizationUltraformer 4Ultraformer 3
Note that average flash gas production is greater than available compressor capacity
Available compressor
capacity
Graphs - Bad
20.4
27.4
90
20.4
30.6
38.6
34.631.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
January February March April
Blue Balls
Red Balls
•Minor gridlines are unnecessary•Font is too small•Colors could show more contrast•Title is missing
12 103
226
303
14770
723
Academicians Professors
Associate Professors Senior Technical / Admin
Technical / Admin Postdoc.
Students
254295 300 284 275 253 253
476 498 520476
515 502470
730793 820
760790
755723
0
200
400
600
800
1000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
M.S Ph.D Total
Staff Members(total = 1899)
15 AcademiciansGraduate
Students
Keep it simple
Good pre-read
• Compressor reliability
– 170J – works well but can’t use
all available capacity
– 149J – just spent $1m and it is
still having problems
– J2 – poor design, will never
work well
• Flash gas production
– More production than
compressor capacity
– Actual production is unknown
due to unmetered spills to fuel.
Historic availability and maintenance cost of flash gas compressors
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2001 2002 2003 2004
% a
vaila
bilit
y
ULC 170J flash gas compressor ULC 149J flash gas compressor Isom J 2 flash gas compressor
$1.7
k
$31k
$950
k
$16k
$103
k
$114
k
$47k
$7k
$120
k
$0.7
k
$81k
$26k
Note that the availability of the 149J flash gas compressor has dropped off while its maintanence costs have increased
dramatically
Annual flash gas production by unit
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2001 2002 2003 2004
kscf
h
Aromatics Unit 2IsomerizationUltraformer 4Ultraformer 3
Note that average flash gas production is greater than available compressor capacity
Available compressor
capacity
Good presentation
Historic availability and maintenance cost of flash gas compressors
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2001 2002 2003 2004
% a
vaila
bilit
y
ULC 170J flash gas compressor ULC 149J flash gas compressor Isom J 2 flash gas compressor
$1.7
k
$31k
$950
k
$16k
$103
k
$114
k
$47k
$7k
$120
k
$0.7
k
$81k
$26k
Note that the availability of the 149J flash gas compressor has dropped off while its maintanence costs have increased
dramatically
41
Good pre-read
Current Opportunity/ Situation
Current Opportunity/ Situation
• During certain market periods, opportunities exist to lock-in margins associated with incremental crude runs
– Play significant deviations
– Reduce risk given historical sharpness of margin declines
• Several refining business units over the past 12 months have locked-in the crude to product spread
– Refinery 1
– Refinery 2
• Multiple trading benches are requesting clarity regarding when is it appropriate to lock in incremental refining margins
– Implications:
Higher crude runs can mean significant portion is converted to diesel
G/D flexibility can result in increased diesel output
• During certain market periods, opportunities exist to lock-in margins associated with incremental crude runs
– Play significant deviations
– Reduce risk given historical sharpness of margin declines
• Several refining business units over the past 12 months have locked-in the crude to product spread
– Refinery 1
– Refinery 2
• Multiple trading benches are requesting clarity regarding when is it appropriate to lock in incremental refining margins
– Implications:
Higher crude runs can mean significant portion is converted to diesel
G/D flexibility can result in increased diesel output
NYH AND WEST COAST 3:2:1 CRACK SPREAD(1992-2002)
-300%
-200%
-100%
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
600%
Jan-
92
Jul-9
2
Feb
-93
Sep
-93
Apr
-94
Nov
-94
Jun-
95
Jan-
96
Aug
-96
Mar
-97
Oct
-97
Apr
-98
Nov
-98
Jun-
99
Jan-
00
Aug
-00
Mar
-01
Oct
-01
May
-02
CR
AC
K S
PR
EA
D M
EA
SU
RE
D IN
ST
AN
DA
RD
DE
VIA
TIO
NS
FR
OM
AV
ER
AG
E
LA NYH
Favorable market conditions
2 standard deviation moves
2 standard deviation moves
Nano scale
Big aspect ratio
Chemically stable
Electrically/thermal conductivity
Flexible
Impermeable Nano Lett. 2008; 8:2458
Science 2012;335:442
Example – Too much
Break this up into multiple slides
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.40.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0 EG Linear Fit of Sheet1 B
mi/m
s
Ai/A
s
y=0.02682+2.68618x R2=0.9992
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.81.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0 EE Linear Fit of Sheet1 B
mi/m
s
Ai/A
s
y=-0.52746+2.3977x R2=0.9995
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
1
2
3
4
5
6 DME Linear Fit of Sheet1 B
mi/m
s
Ai/A
s
y=-0.01007+2.86941x R2=0.9997
Example – Too much, too small
Your conclusion
• Should be effective and strong
• Summarize the main points
• Chance to give opinion
Questions??
• End your presentation with a simple question
slide
• Invite your audience to ask questions
• Provides a visual aid during question period
• Avoids ending a presentation abruptly
And finally. . . .
• DO NOT READ YOUR SLIDES!
• Use your slides as Talking Points (keep it simple)
• Allow time for Q/A at the end of your
presentation