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Welcome to Ancient Greece
Religion
Politics
Economics
Social Structures
Geography
Achievements
800-700 BC:
Monarchies begin to be replaced by Aristocratic Republics
621 BC: Draco's code of law - Athens.
546 BC: Persian invasion and conquest of Greek territories through out Asia Minor
507 BC:Cleisthenes' democratic constitution.
776 BC: Date of the first Olympic games.
600 BC: Coin currency introduced
566 BC:
Panathenaic festivals established
490 BC
First Persian invasion of Greece, the Battle of Marathon.
480 BC Second Persian invasion of Greece, Spartans are defeated at Thermopylae, Athens is occupied by the Persians. The Persians are finally defeated at Salamis.
The founding of the Delian League.
431 - 404 BC The Peloponnesian
War 404 BC
Athens Surrenders to Sparta
336-323 BC
Alexander the Great’s reign
About 450 BC,
Sophocles wins more awards for plays than any other playwright
443 - 429 BC Pericles is leader of Athens during the Golden Age
Massive public building program and construction of Parthenon
430 BC
Plague in Athens
411 BC
Revolts in Athens
323-148 BC: Greek City States remain relatively independent; however, warfare between rival leagues continues
200-196 BC: First Roman victories over Greece
146 BC:Corinth destroyed by Rome
86 BC: Athens sacked by Rome
About 300 BC:Euclid wrote The Elements
About 200 BC:Winged Victory (Nike) created
Religion: Gods in our
image PolytheisticExplained occurrences in NatureGods – human form, emotions, behaviorsInterfered in lives of mortalsWorship and sacrifices intended to keep gods happy for survival and prosperity
www.fairfield.k12.ct.us/Rogerludlowe/crogerludlowe03/webquests/mythweb/Godspic.bmp
Family Tree of Greek Gods
www.greekgodsyogurt.com/html/img/tree.jpg
Read the Greek Creation Myth here and then return
AchievementsArts
Three periods of art in Ancient Greece: Archaic about 1000 BC – 450 BC
Simplest style, clean lines
Classical about 450 BC – 330 BC More complex, more natural poses
Hellenistic about 330 BC – 30 BC Most ornate of all, used more outside of Greece
www.crystalinks.com/greekart.html
AchievementsArchitecture -
Columns
Doric: earliest style, no decoration, plain squared topsIonic: middle style, narrower at top, curled on each side at topCorinthian: last style, most ornate
http://threes.com/cms/images/stories/history/greek.jpg
AchievementsArchitecture -
Acropolis The Acropolis hill – “Sacred Rock” – last line of defense in time of crisis
Fortified citadel on hill above city
Added to over time
Original buildings made of wood
Destroyed by fire and war and rebuilt
http://www.acropolis-greek-parthenon.com/
AchievementsArchitecture -
Acropolis Then
http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Arts/Parthenon.htm This link includes a visual timeline of the Acropolis
AchievementsArchitecture - Acropolis
Now
http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Arts/Parthenon.htm
Achievements: Architecture -
ParthenonTemple to Athena – patron of Athens
Columns are Doric and curve at top to create illusion
Dimensions created to house statue of Athena
http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Arts/Parthenon.htm
Achievements In Math, Show Your
WorkGeometry:
Euclid’s Elements13 VolumesEach volume has definitions, postulates and then theoremsEvery statement is proven, no matter how obviousIncludes circles, tangents, plane geometry, prime numbers, perfect numbers
Before Euclid any mathematician could have his own postulatesEuclid’s work helped standardize mathematics
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Euclid's_postulates.png
www.crystalinks.com/euclid.html
Achievements Sculpture- Kouros
Archaic period
Statues not intended to represent individuals – represent an ideal
Kouroi always young men, standing nude
Depicts motion, one leg and/or one arm forward
Archaic smileThe Calf-Bearer
http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Arts/Parthenon.htm
AchievementsSculpture: Nike
Hellenistic period
White marble, represented prow of ship
Posed ready to “deliver shout of victory”
Noted for “naturalistic pose and rendering of figure’s draped garments, depicted as if rippling in strong sea breeze…”
Nike, Winged Victoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winged_Victory_of_Samothrace
Achievements Theater/Drama
Theater not purely for entertainment; part of state religious festivalOriginally chorus of 12 men and one actor3 tragedians chosen to present 4 plays each as part of competition“’tragedy’ refers to tragic drama: … in which a central character called a tragic hero suffers some serious misfortune which is not accidental and therefore meaningless, but is significant in that the misfortune is logically connected with the hero's actions. Tragedy stresses the vulnerability of human beings whose suffering is brought on by a combination of human and divine actions, but is generally undeserved with regard to its harshness. “
http://www.greektheatre.gr/constr.html
http://picasaweb.google.com/shankar.nandini/AthensGreece#5211586780202029922http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/netshots/tragedy.htm
AchievementsDrama: Aeschylus
Aeschylus: first of the three most prize winning Greek playwrights
Also a soldier and actor
First to introduce second actor to plays; allowed for more characters to be introduced and greater variation in plot
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/drama/p/Aeschylus.htm http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/RM/OrestesMei.jpg
AchievementsDrama: Sophocles
Sophocles earned about 20 awards for first place in dramatic competitionsReduced the importance of the Chorus by adding a third actorInvented skenographia (scene painting) to illustrate the background
Oedipus gouges out his eyes after discovering the true nature of his crime.
http://www.come-and-hear.com/editor/oedipus.jpg
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/drama/p/Sophocles.htm
AchievementsDrama: Euripides
Last of the three Great Tragedians
Focused on mythological themes and heroes
First to write roles for strong female characters
First to introduce intrigue and comedy into plays
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3504131.ece
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/medeaeuripides/p/Euripides.htm
Politics: Democracy
City-States – PoliMonarchy
Warrior Aristocracies, often led by tyrant
Democracy (Please follow the following three links and return)
Draco’s Code of Laws
Solon’s reforms
Cleisthenes First democracy about 500 BC
Assembly of male citizens
www.crystalinks.com/greekcities.html
Draco’s Code of LawsAround 620 BC Draco, the
lawgiver, wrote the first known written law of Ancient Greece. Draco was an Athenian lawgiver whose harsh legal code punished both trivial and serious crimes in Athens with death--hence the continued use of the word draconian to describe repressive legal measures. Today the word draconian means harsh or severe. Draco's laws were shockingly severe, so severe that they were said to have been written not in ink but in blood. Solon succeeded him in about 594 BC
http://oghs.euhsd.k12.ca.us/staff/burtnowski/rise.html Back
Solon’ Reforms
Solon's great contribution to the future good of Athens was his new code of laws. The first written code at Athens, that of Draco, was still in force.. Solon revised every statute except that on homicide and made Athenian law altogether more humane. His code, though supplemented and modified, remained the foundation of Athenian statute law until the end of the 5th century, and parts of it were embodied in the new codification made at that time
http://oghs.euhsd.k12.ca.us/staff/burtnowski/rise.html Back
Economics: Living Wage
5th and 4th centuries BC, Greece had most advanced economy in known worldSome historians believe it was the most advanced pre-industrial economy of its timeAverage daily wage of Greek worker – about 12 kg of wheatAverage daily wage of Egyptian worker – about 3.75 kg of wheat during about same time
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/ancientgreece
Social: Changeable Social
StatusIn Athens:
Family ties did not confer social privilegesFour social classes, based on wealthEarn more money, could change classWomen and slaves could own property but had no political rightsSlaves could earn freedomPublicly owned slaves
In Sparta:Spartan kings came from one of two familiesAll male citizens equal after completion of educationSlaves had no power or statusHelots – slaves who were captured in war, treated harshly
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/ancientgreece