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Addendum EIA Report for Amendment in Environmental Clearance for the Proposed Installation of Crushing, Conveying & Other Associated Facilities and Mining Equipment/ Machineries for Production of 3.15 MTPA Bauxite from South Block Mining Lease of Panchpatmali Mines at Damanjodi Village, Koraput District, Odisha

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad TC-1

Table of Contents _______________________________________________________________ Chapter # Title Page # _______________________________________________________________ Table of Contents TC-1 List of Figures TC-3 List of Tables TC-4 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the Report AR-3 1.2 Identification of Project and Project and Proponent AR-4 1.3 Brief description of the Project AR-5

1.4 Scope of the Study AR-11

2.0 Project Description 2.1 Type & Size of the Project AR-12 2.2 Resources and Requirements AR-15 2.3 Process Description AR-19

3.0 Baseline Environmental Status 3.1 Land Use Studies AR-27

3.2 Ambient Air Quality AR-32 3.3 Water Quality AR-42 3.4 Noise Level Survey AR-46 3.5 Demography and Socio-Economics AR-51 3.6 Ecology and Biodiversity AR-55 3.7 Traffic Density Survey AR-65

4.0 Anticipated Impacts Assessment 4.1 Impacts on Topography and Climate AR-67 4.2 Impacts on Air Quality AR-67 4.3 Impact on Water Resources and Quality AR-71

4.1 Impact on Noise Levels AR-71

4.2 Impact on Socio - Economic Aspects AR-76

4.3 Impacts on Flora and Fauna AR-77

5.0 Environment Management Plan

5.1 Air Pollution Management AR-81

5.2 Water Pollution Management AR-81

5.3 Noise and Vibrations AR-82 5.4 Solid Waste Management AR-84 5.5 Land Reclamation Measures AR-85 5.6 Soil Erosion Management AR-87 5.7 Mine Safety AR-87 5.8 Greenbelt Development AR-87



Table of Contents (contd...) _______________________________________________________________ Chapter # Title Page # ______________________________________________________________

6.0 Environmental Monitoring Program

6.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures AR-91 6.2 Monitoring and Reporting Procedure AR-91 6.3 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures AR-93 6.4 Occupational Health and Safety AR-94

7.0 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan 7.1 Identification of Hazards AR-95 7.2 Disaster Management in Open Cast Mines AR-95 7.3 Storage of Fuels and Explosive Materials AR-97 8.0 Project Benefits 8.1 Corporate Social Responsibility AR-99 8.2 Employment AR-99 8.3 Anticipated/Expected Impact on Socio-Economics AR-99

9.0 Final Proposal AR-105

Annexures

Annexure-I Existing EC of South Block Annexure-II Existing EC of Aluminium Plant Annexure-III Conveyor Belt Annexure-IV Forest Clearance – Stage-II Annexure-V Environmental Standards Annexure-VI Ambient Air Quality Levels

Annexure-VII Methodology for Sampling and Analysis Annexure-VIII Demography Details



List of Figures _______________________________________________________________ Figures # Title Page # _______________________________________________________________ 1.1 Index Map AR-7 1.2 Study Area Map AR-8 1.3 Study Area Map (Google Image) AR-9 2.1 Layout of the South Block AR-14

2.2 Water Balance AR-18 2.3 Process Flow Diagram of Bauxite Handling AR-24 2.4 Cable Belt Conveyor Corridor AR-25 3.1 Satellite Imagery AR-30 3.2 Land use/Land Cover Map Based on Satellite Data AR-31 3.3 Air Quality Sampling Locations AR-36 3.4 Water Sampling Locations AR-44 3.5 Noise Monitoring Locations AR-48 3.6 Terrestrial Sampling Locations in the Study Area AR-58 3.7 Ecology Study Photographs AR-61 4.1 GLCs Isopleths for PM AR-70 4.2 Noise Contours AR-75 5.1 Organization Structure of Environment Management AR-80 8.1 CSR Photograhs AR-102



List of Tables

_______________________________________________________________ Tables # Title Page # _______________________________________________________________

1.1 Capacity and Location of Various Units of NALCO AR-4 1.2 Environmental Setting of the Plant Site AR-10

2.1 Details of South Block Mining Lease AR-12 2.2 Breakup of Present Land Requirement (Pre-mining) AR-15 2.3 Breakup of Present Land Requirement (Post-mining) AR-15 2.4 Water Requirement for the Proposed Project AR-16 2.5 Manpower Requirement for the Proposed Project AR-16 2.6 List of Equipments for Mining AR-22 2.7 List of Equipment for Crusher Plant AR-23 2.8 Major Changes in Equipments Sizing Details AR-23

3.1 Landuse / Land Cover Classification System AR-27 3.2 Landuse Breakup of the Study Area AR-29

3.3 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations AR-32 3.4 Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring AR-34 3.5 Monitored Parameters and Frequency of Sampling AR-35 3.6 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results AR-39 3.7 Water Sampling Locations AR-42 3.8a Ground Water Quality AR-45 3.8b Surface Water Quality AR-46

3.9 Details of Noise Monitoring Locations AR-49 3.10 Noise Levels [dB (A)] in the Study Area AR-50 3.11 Ambient Noise Standards AR-51

3.12 Distribution of Population AR-52 3.13 Distribution of Population by Social Structure AR-53 3.14 Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates AR-54 3.15 Occupational Structure AR-55 3.16 List of Ecological Sampling Locations AR-56 3.17 List of Forest Blocks in the Study Area AR-57 3.18 List of Flora Recorded along the Conveyor Belt AR-59 3.19 List of Fauna Recorded along the Conveyor Belt AR-63 3.20 List of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton AR-64 3.21 Traffic Density AR-66 3.22 Recommendations on Traffic Capacity AR-66 4.1 Emission Factors for Crusher Operation AR-69 4.2 Details of Cable Conveyor AR-72 4.3 Predicted Incremental Noise Levels AR-74 5.1 Suggested Species for Plantation AR-88 5.2 List of Species Suggested to Control Dust Pollution AR-88 5.3 List of Species Suggested to Absorb SO2 Pollution AR-89 5.4 List of Species suggested to Noise Pollution AR-89 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Implementation Schedule AR-91 6.2 Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters AR-92 6.3 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures AR-94


VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad AR-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

M/s. National Aluminum Company Limited (NALCO), a Government of India Enterprise and a Navratna Company, under the administrative control of Ministry of Mines, Government of India owns and operates a large integrated Mines-Alumina-Aluminium Complex in India.

Due to adherence to revised IBM guideline for threshold limit of Alumina & Silica in bauxite, available alumina content in bauxite has gone down, resulting in increase in bauxite specific consumption to a level of 3.2 T/T. However, as existing refinery streams are designed considering a specific consumption of 3.0 T/T, existing plant & machineries are not capable of handling higher mud load on account of higher specific bauxite consumption. Accordingly, plant capacity needs to be limited to total annual bauxite consumption of 6.825 MTPA. On the other hand, due to improved technology considered for the 5th stream, bauxite specific consumption is expected to remain in the range of 3.135 to 3.15 T/T. Hence, considering capacity of 5th stream as 1.0 MTPA, total annual bauxite consumption works out to (6.825 + 3.15) or 9.975 MTPA. NALCO is planning to set up the 5th Stream in its Alumina Refinery at Damanjodi village, Koraput district, Odisha, as a part of the expansion programme (3rd phase expansion). The capacity of this Stream will be 1.0 million tons per annum (MTPA). The total capacity after expansion will increase from 2.275 MTPA to 3.275 MTPA. This 5th stream refinery expansion project, being the interlinked project of proposed south block ML.

After 3rd phase expansion of NALCO's refinery complex, total bauxite requirement of refinery complex will be around 9.975 MTPA. Presently, 6.825 MT bauxite is being raised per annum from Central and North Block Mining lease of NALCO's captive mine at Panchpatmali. Hence, to cater the bauxite requirement of refinery complex after addition of 5th, stream under 3rd phase expansion, additional 3.15 MT bauxite is required per annum. For this purpose, South Block Mining lease of NALCO's Panchpatmali mine has been identified for sourcing additional 3.15 MT of bauxite per annum. Bauxite from the lease area of the South Block Mining Lease will be utilized for the captive purpose by NALCO. It is hereby noted that the EC (Environment Clearance) is already available for raising of bauxite of 3.15 MTPA capacity from South Block mining lease of Panchpatmali Mine. So, there is no need for any additional bauxite production over the approved EC quantity from Panchpatmali Mines. Hence, the present proposal is for additional transportation of 3.15 MTPA bauxite produced from South Block mining lease of Panchpatmali Mine to Alumina Refinery. Other equipment/ machineries to be installed are covered in the existing EC conditions. Presently, bauxite from Panchpatmali mine is being transported to NALCO's refinery complex by existing overland conveyor. It is not possible to transport additional 3.15 MTPA bauxite by the existing overland conveyor. Hence, a new overland conveyor is envisaged for transportation of mined out bauxite from South Block Mining Lease to NALCO's refinery complex. Proposed overland conveyor will be routed along NALCO's existing conveyor corridor, in the land already in possession of Nalco.



The proposed bauxite mine will be developed by NALCO for captive purpose. Hence, there is no such demand-supply gap. The proposed project is a mining project, where bauxite will be exclusively produced for captive use only and hence, there is no export possibility. It is estimated that the total direct employment generation from the proposed mining expansion project will be about 234 personnel. Besides, there will be approx. 1000 nos. indirect employment, to be deployed through contractual temporary basis.

Before commencement of mining in Central & North Block mining lease and south block mining lease of Panchpatmali, M/s. Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited, Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India has estimated the geological reserve of bauxite as 310 million tonne (MT) with cut-off grade of Al2O3 at (+) 40% and silica content at (-)5%. Later on in 1992, M/s Coralis, France re-estimated the reserve based on the prevailing cut-off grade as per IBM circular. NALCO has mined out approx. 100 MT of bauxite since 1986-87 till 2014-15 and transported to Alumina refinery for captive use.

The balance Geological Reserve (GR) of Panchpatmali Hill Central and North Block Mining Lease as on 30/06/2015 at old cut-off grade of Alumina (+)20% and Silica (-)4% stands at 125 MT. Similarly, the mineable reserve of Panchpatmali Hill Central and North Block Mining Lease stands at 100 MT at old cut-off grade of Alumina (+)20% and (-)4%.

The balance geological reserve of bauxite in south block mining lease as on 30/06/2015 at old cut-off grade of Alumina (+)20% and Silica at (-)4% stands at 73.92 MT. The mineable reserve stands at 58.28 MT. The balance geological reserve of bauxite in central & north block as on 30/06/2015 at new cut-off grade (IBM circular of 2009) of Alumina (+)20% and Silica (-)7% stands at 153.06 MT. As per this IBM circular on revised cut-off grade, the Mining Lease is left with 134.36 MT of bauxite for future Mining.

The balance geological reserve of bauxite in south block mining lease as on 30/06/2015 at new cut-off grade (IBM circular of 2009) of Alumina (+)20% and Silica (-)7% stands at 91.69 MT. MR of South Block Mining Lease is 82.05 MT as per the revised IBM guideline. Mining of bauxite is yet to be done from South block since inception.

Hence the total quantity of bauxite reserve available in both Central and North Block Mining Lease and South Block Mining Lease stands at 216.41 MT as per revised IBM guideline dated 16/10/2009. Thus @ 9.975 MTPA bauxite consumption w.e.f. 2020-21, it is expected that the total life of Panchpatmali Mines will be up to 2038-39.

As per NALCO’s application for grant of ML over Pottangi Bauxite Deposit (80 MT GR) in the year 1992 and reservation of the deposit in favour of Central PSU (NALCO) by Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India, New Delhi vide gazette of India publication of April 2007 valid for 10 years, the bauxite from the Pottangi deposit shall be sourced as feedstock for the expanded capacity of the Alumina Refinery.



Thus with the combined deposit from Panchpatmali and Pottangi, the expanded refinery plant shall sustain till 2045-46.

1.1 Purpose of the Report As per Environment Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006, new projects or activities, or the expansion or modernization of existing projects proposed in any part of India shall obtain prior environmental clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF & CC). It has been planned that the entire quantity of 3.15 MTPA will be sourced from the virgin South Block Mining Lease of NALCO's Panchpatmali mine. The existing Environmental Clearance (EC) vide MOEF, Govt. of India, New Delhi order no. J-11015/78/2010-IA-II (M) dated 28th February 2011 for mining in South Block Mining Lease stands at 3.15 MTPA. However, bauxite production from the South Block has been proposed to be commenced from the year 2019-2020 as indicated in the letter granting the above EC is given in Annexure-I.

The mining infrastructure and other new facilities, apart from the proposed overland conveyor, will be installed within the existing south block mining lease area of NALCO. The alignment of the proposed overland conveyor will be finalized during engineering stage. However, it is confirmed that the new overland conveyor corridor will come up in the acquired land patch and no additional private or Govt. or forest land acquisition/alienation/diversion is envisaged. NALCO submitted updated Form-I application (Proposal No.– IA/OR/MIN/9518/2010) for EC amendment to the above referred existing EC for installation of new overland conveyor system for transportation of 3.15 MTPA bauxite and change in mining equipment / machineries sizing of South Block mining lease in Panchpatmali Bauxite mines of M/s. National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO) located at Damanjodi village, Koraput Tehsil, Koraput District, Odisha. This bauxite will be fed to the upcoming 5th stream of existing Alumina refinery plant, for which EC has been granted by MoEF&CC vide Letter F. No. J-11011/65/2008-IA.II (I) dated 12th April 2017 is given in Annexure-II. According to Nalco’s earlier EC proposal, “the bauxite to be mined from south block ML shall be crushed down and the crushed ore shall be conveyed through a dedicated conveyor system and loaded to existing cable belt conveyor through existing transfer hopper for transportation up to refinery plant”.

However, in the EC amendment proposal, “a new overland conveyor system of capacity 1800 Tonne per Hour (TPH) is envisaged for transportation of crushed bauxite from south block to Alumina Refinery. The proposed conveyor will be routed through the existing conveyor corridor, within the land area under possession by Nalco.” Besides, there are certain changes in equipment sizing, which shall be deployed for mining operation.

The aforesaid application was considered by MOEF&CC (File No. J-11015/78/2010-IA.II (M)) in 18th EAC meeting held on 29th May 2017. The case was presented before EAC (Non-coal Mining) members on 29th May’2017, wherein the committee desired the project proponent to conduct an EIA addendum study to assess the impact of the crusher & conveyor system and prepare a mitigation / management plan.



1.2 Identification of the Project and Project Proponent National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO), a Government of India Enterprise and a Navratna Company under the administrative control of Ministry of Mines, owns and operates a large integrated Mines-Alumina-Aluminium complex in India. It has multi-location operations as follows: Panchpatmali Mines and Alumina Refinery, Damanjodi, District Koraput, Odisha; Aluminium Smelter and Captive Power Plant, District Angul, Odisha; and Port Handling Facilities, Visakhapatnam and Andhra Pradesh (for alumina export

and caustic soda import).

The Greenfield Alumina-Aluminium complex was set up with an initial installed capacity of 0.8 million tonne per annum (MTPA) of alumina and 0.230 MTPA of metal. The alumina refinery was based on bauxite from Panchpatmali bauxite deposits, the smelter and a coal-based captive power plant located in Angul. The project was initiated in 1987 with technology supplied by Aluminium Pechiney, France (now Rio Tinto Alcan). The 1st phase expansion of the integrated complex was started in 1997 which included capacity augmentation of the two alumina plant streams, and addition of another line for the refinery as well as the smelter. The implementation of 2nd phase expansion of the integrated complex started in October 2004. The 2nd phase included addition of another line 4th in the refinery as well as smelter, and is now operational. The plant capacities and associated mines and location of various units of the complex after expansion are given in Table-1.1.

TABLE-1.1 CAPACITY AND LOCATION OF VARIOUS UNITS OF NALCO

Sr. No

Unit Capacity Location

After Phase-I

Expansion

After Phase-II

Expansion

After Up-Gradation of

M&R

1 Bauxite mines

4.8 MTPA 6.3 MTPA 6.825 MTPA Panchpatmali, Koraput district, Odisha

2 Alumina refinery

1.575 MTPA 2.1 MTPA 2.275 MTPA Damanjodi, Koraput district, Odisha

3 Aluminium smelter

0.345 MTPA 0.460 MTPA - Angul, Odisha

4 Captive power plant

960 MW 1,200 MW - Angul, Odisha

Source: PFR Further, capacities of bauxite mines and 4th stream of alumina refinery have been augmented through de-bottlenecking. As a part of the future 3rd phase expansion programme, NALCO is proposing expansion by addition of 5th stream in its alumina refinery at Damanjodi based on Panchpatmali bauxite deposits and subsequently on Pottangi Bauxite Deposit. After 3rd phase expansion of NALCO refinery complex, total bauxite requirement of



refinery complex will be around 9.975 MTPA, which has been arrived at based on the following:

Original bauxite specific consumption was 3 T/T of alumina; Revised bauxite consumption due to degradation of quality on adhering to

latest IBM guideline is considered as 3.2 T/T of alumina; Specific bauxite consumption for the 5th stream is 3.15 T/T; Maximum bauxite which can be consumed in existing 4 streams is 6.825 MT;

and Bauxite requirement for the 5th stream is 3.15 MT.

Hence, total bauxite consumption after 3rd phase expansion will be 9.975 MTPA (6.825 + 3.15). EC is already available for raising 6.825 MTPA bauxite from North Block and Central Block and 3.15 MTPA from South Block of NALCO's captive mine at Panchpatmali. Accordingly, EC is required only for additional transportation of 3.15 MTPA bauxite with installation of about 11 KM long overland conveyor, change in crusher and other equipment / machineries capacity.

1.3 Brief Description of the Project 1.3.1 Nature of the Project

The proposed project is classified as “Category-A” type of the project under 1(a) Schedule by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi as per the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006.

1.3.2 Location of the Project The present proposal is installation of overland conveyor for transportation of bauxite and change in mining equipment/ machineries for sizing of production of 3.15 MTPA bauxite in mining lease area of 528.262 ha in South block lease of Panchpatmali bauxite mine located at Damanjodi village, Koraput district, Odisha state. The index map of the project site is shown in Figure-1.1. Similarly, the study area showing topographical features within 10 km radius from the project site boundary and Google image are shown in Figure-1.2 and Figure-1.3 respectively.

1.3.3 Cost of the Project

The estimated cost for the proposed project is Rs. 1207.1 Crores. The anticipated capital expenditure for the pollution control measures is Rs. 65.0 Crores with a recurring budget of Rs. 1.0 Crore.

1.3.4 Need of the Project For alumina/aluminium, the most commercially available ore is bauxite, as it has the highest content of the base metal. India is the fifth largest bauxite reserves with deposits of about 3 billion tonne. India with its abundant supply of quality bauxite and low cost labour has established itself as a low cost producer of primary aluminium which is produced by electrolysis of alumina in aluminium



smelter. As per demand supply analysis of alumina, the domestic as well as global scenario strongly favours creation of new capacities in alumina. In this background, NALCO has a uniquely advantageous position and is planning alumina refinery expansion by addition of 5th stream in its alumina refinery at Damanjodi. Bauxite from the lease area of the south block of Panchpatmali mines will be utilized for the captive purpose by NALCO.

1.3.5 Implementation Schedule

The overall implementation schedule for the installation & commissioning of proposed infrastructures such as new overland conveyor, crusher etc. are estimated as 47 months from the date of obtaining amended EC.

1.3.6 Rehabilitation and Resettlement This mining project of Panchpatmali South Block to cater the additional requirement of bauxite for the Alumina Refinery does not entail displacement of any human settlement. Hence, there are no issues relating to Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R).



FIGURE-1.1 INDEX MAP OF SHOWING THE LOCATION OF ML AREA

Project Site



FIGURE-1.2

STUDY AREA MAP OF THE 10 KM RADIUS



FIGURE-1.3 GOOGLE MAP OF THE 10KM RADIUS



1.3.5 Environmental Setting of the Proposed Project Site The environmental setting of the proposed project site (south block) is given in Table-1.2.

TABLE-1.2

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROJECT SITE

Sr. No. Particulars Details

1 Project Location Damanjodi Village, Koraput District, Odisha State

2 Project Coordinates Mine lease area of proposed south block

Longitude Latitude

18° 46’ 32.60” N 82° 57’42.69” E

18° 49’ 04.71” N 82° 59’51.65” E

3 Elevation above MSL 880 m to 1366 m

4 Topo sheet Numbers 65 J/13, J/14 and 65 N/1, N/2

5 Site-specific Climatic Conditions (one month Monsoon season-2017)

Maximum temp: 34.2 oC Minimum temp: 24.6oC Total rainfall: 180 mm Predominant wind direction: SW

6 Nearest Highway NH-26 (15 km, NW)

7 Nearest Railway Station Damanjodi (20 km, NW)

8 Nearest Airport Visakhapatnam (200 km, S)

9 Nearest town/city, district headquarters along with distance in km

Nearest town- Sunabeda (30 km, WSW) Headquarter- Koraput (60 km, W)

10 Surface Water Bodies Muran River (4.2 km, W) Jhanjabati Nadi (4.4 km, E) Karandi River (10.2 km, SW) Kolab Reservoir (12.3 km, WSW)

11 Ecologically sensitive zones, including National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Elephant / Tiger Reserve (existing as well as proposed), Migratory routes etc.

Nil within 10 km radius

12 Protected/Reserve Forests

Reserve Forests Hatimali RF (6.1 km, NNW) Baghamundi RF (9.5 km, N) Protected Forests Burha Panasa PF (4.6 km, E) Kotraghati PF (5.9 km, N) Pindamali PF (6.1 km, E) Jhankarapabili PF (8.8 km, NNE) Samana PF (9.5 km, E)

13 Historical Places Nil within 10 km radius

14 Defense Installations Nil within 10 km radius. However, HAL at Sunabeda is 30 km, WSW.

15 Seismic Zone Zone-II as per IS:1893 (Part-1) 2002

16 List of other Industries Nalco Aluminum refinery plant (4.2 km, WSW)



1.4 Scope of the Study With a view to assess the environmental impacts arising due to the proposed project, M/s. National Aluminum Company Limited (NALCO) have retained the services of M/s. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad to prepare Environmental Management Plan(EMP) and Amendment report for various environmental components, which may be affected and to suggest mitigation measures for the adverse impacts. Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out for one month representative sample during 1st June 2017 to 30th June 2017.

1.4.1 Study Area for EIA The study area for the EIA study is covered within 10 km from the project site boundary.

1.4.2 Details of the Study The scope of study broadly includes: To conduct literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area; To undertake environmental monitoring so as to establish the baseline

environmental status of the study area; To identify various existing pollution loads due to various activities in the

ambient levels; To predict incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the

proposed project activities; To evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in

the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies;

To prepare an EMP outlining the measures for improving the environmental quality and scope for environmentally sustainable development; and

To identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored.

1.4.3 Methodology of the Study Reconnaissance survey was conducted by the consultants along with concerned

officials and sampling locations were identified on the basis of:

Predominant wind directions in the study area as recorded by India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Koraput;

Existing topography, location of surface water bodies like ponds, canals and rivers;

Location of villages, towns and sensitive areas; Areas which represent baseline conditions; and Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental

attributes.



2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Type & Size of the Project

The proposed project involves installation of overland conveyor of capacity 1800 TPH in distance 11.0 km (approx.) from South Block Mining Lease to Alumina Refinery plant premises and crusher plant of capacity 1100 TPH & other mining equipment/machineries for production of 3.15 MTPA bauxite from South block lease of Panchpatmali bauxite mine having total lease hold area of 528.262 ha located at Damanjodi village, Koraput district, Odisha state. The details of south block mining lease is given Table-2.1. The layout of proposed project is shown in Figure-2.1. The conveyor belt alignment are given in Annexure-III.

TABLE-2.1

DETAILS OF SOUTH BLOCK MINING LEASE

Sr. No. Description Details

1 ML Area 528.262 ha (Forest land – 189.552 ha, Non-Forest land (both private & Govt.) – 338.710 ha)

2 Geological Reserve

91.43 Million Tonnes (as per IBM new circular dated 16/10/2009 for new cut Off Grade of + 20% Al

2O

3 and -7%

SiO2)

3 Mineable Reserve

87.645 Million Tonnes (as per IBM new circular dated 16/10/2009 for new cut Off Grade of + 20% Al

2O

3 and -7%

SiO2)

4 Total Quarry area

335.436 ha

5 Gradient of seams

2° to 6°

6 Average stripping ratio (Bauxite : Overburden)

1: 0.127 Tonne per Tonne

7 Grade of Ore Average Composition: Al2O3 – 42.37%, SiO2 – 3.88%

8 Total Forest land involved

189.552 ha

9 Stage of FC granted

110.30 Ha (MoEF letter no. 8-330/1983-FC (Pt-I) dated 20/07/11) is given in Annexure-IV. For balance 79.252 ha, Stage-I FC is in process.

10 Earlier EC EC granted for production of 3.15 MTPA bauxite vide MoEF letter no. J-11015/78/2010-IA. II (M) dated 28/02/2011 is given in Annexure-I.

11 Earlier CTE CTE issued by SPCB, Odisha for production of 3.15 MTPA bauxite vide OM no. 16699/IND-II-NOC-5333 dated 06/10/2010. The validity of CTE has been extended for a further period of 5 Years by OSPCB vide OM no. 16733/IND-II-NOC-6041 dated 21/11/2016.

12 Earlier CTO The consent to operate from SPCB, Odisha has been obtained vide order no. 18083/IND-I-CON-6387 dated 24/12/2016, which is valid till 31/03/2018.

13 Wild life clearance

Obtained from PCCF, Bhubaneswar vide letter no. FWL- 09/11/2010 for total ML area with deposit of Rs. 10.43 Crore in CAMPA Account, MoEF & CC, GoI.

14 Lease deed validity

Transfer of lease in favour of Nalco – vide letter dated 24/03/1983.



Sr. No. Description Details

Expiry of original lease deed – vide letter dated 19/07/2009 1st renewal of mining lease by DoS&M, GoO valid up to 31/03/2020 – vide letter dated 25/05/2015. NALCO has applied for extension of the lease up to 19/07/2029. i.e. 50 years from the original grant of lease on 20/07/1979.

15 Approval of Mining Plan

Approved by IBM for 3.15 MTPA bauxite production vide letter no. MS/FM/58-ORI/BHU/2014-15/1717 dated 27/08/2015. Revised Mining plan along with final mine closure plan approved by IBM vide letter no. MSM/FM/14-ORI/BHU/2016-17/532 dated 05/01/2016.

16 Water drawl permission

Permission for drawl of surface water from Jholaguda streams up to 0.4 MGD is available vide letter No. 10455, Dtd.16-11-1999. Permission for another 0.1 MGD has been granted in principle by EIC, DoWR, GoO. This quantity will be sufficient to meet water requirement of existing central & north block and south block mining operation.



FIGURE-2.1 LAYOUT OF PROPOSED SOUTH BLOCK MINE



2.2 Resources and Requirement

2.2.1 Land Use The proposed activities will be carried out within the existing mine lease area of 528.26 ha and no additional land is required for the proposed project. The land use break-up is given in Table-2.2.

TABLE-2.2 BREAK UP OF PRESENT LAND REQUIREMENT (PRE-MINING)

Sr. No Present Land Use Category Area (Ha)

1 Infrastructure (conveyor, 33 kV transmission line, water supply office, work shop etc.)

52.339

2 Roads 20.0

3 Greenbelt 66.2

4 Others (safety zone in and around mines) 10.94

Total 149.479

The post mining land use details are given in Table-2.3.

TABLE-2.3

BREAK UP OF PRESENT LAND REQIREMENT (POST-MINING)

Sr. No Present Land Use Category Area (Ha)

1 Mining 335.436

2 OB dump 2.0

3 Mineral storage 2.0

4 Infrastructure (crushing, screening, repair shop, mine general office etc.)

54.839

5 Road connectivity 20.0

6 Greenbelt 102.547

7 Effluent treatment plant 0.50

8 Safety zone 10.940

Total 528.262

2.2.2 Raw Material Requirement

There is no requirement of any raw material. Panchpatmali bauxite mine of NALCO is a captive source of bauxite for its alumina refinery at Damanjodi. Mined out bauxite will be crushed in the primary crusher at the mine site and will be transported to the alumina refinery by a new overland conveyor.

2.2.3 Water Requirement

The total water requirement for the proposed project (including for production of 3.15 MTPA bauxite mining) will be 700 cum/day, out of which 585 cum/day will be raw water and 115 cum/day will be filtered water. For this purpose, raw water will be drawn from Jholaguda natural stream, which the recommendation of Department of Water Resources, Govt. of Odisha is available for allocation of 0.929 CUSEC (0.5 MGD ≈ 2273 KLD) of water drawl. The water requirement at



South Block, a new intake pump house adjacent to the existing intake water reservoir and existing intake pump house is envisaged to be built, and raw water shall be drawn from existing reservoir. The break-up of water requirement for various consumers is given in Table-2.4. The water balance diagram is given in Figure-2.2.

TABLE-2.4 WATER REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Sr. No Consumer Raw Water (KLD)

Filtered Water (KLD)

1 Mines road sprinkling 525 -

2 Industrial use - 75

3 Horticulture 60 -

4 Drinking and sanitation - 40

Total 585 115

Grand Total 700

2.2.4 Manpower

The total manpower requirement for the proposed project will be about 234 persons details are given in Table-2.5.

TABLE-2.5 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Admin

Department

Manage

ment

Engineers Supevis

ory

Highly

Skilled

Staff

Skilled

Staff

Semi-

Skilled

Staff

Office

Staff

Total

on

Pay

Roll

Administration 7 2 1 0 3 0 7 20

Work management 3 4 3 3 5 1 2 21

Maintenance and

service

0 7 6 2 36 42 0 93

Production 0 4 3 6 61 26 0 100

Total 10 17 13 11 105 69 9 234

Indirect employment opportunities for people from nearby villages will be created in the form of contractual work. There will be wide variety of contractual work like transportation, sanitation, supply of goods and services to the project and other community members.

2.2.5 Power Requirement The power requirement is estimated as 4.43 MW for production of 3.15 MTPA of bauxite and the same shall be sourced from captive power plant units through existing 33 kV overhead transmission lines. The estimated overall power requirements of the mine as follows:

Annual energy consumption, kWh x 106 : 15.65 15-min. maximum demand, MW : 4.41 1-min. peak demand, MW : 4.63



The total power requirement of existing Panchpatmali bauxite mine, existing conveying system, proposed bauxite mine at South Block ML area and new conveying system as well as other proposed facilities to come up for additional mining etc. will be met from the following sources:

i. Existing 33 kV overhead transmission line-1 & 2 coming from Central Distribution Sub-station (CDS) at Alumina Refinery plant, Damanjodi.

ii. To meet the additional power requirement along with existing loads, the

existing transformers will be replaced by two (2) no. new 132/33 kV (or 220 /33 KV), 12.5 MVA transformer in both the feeders. Associated CBs, CTs, protection, metering, etc. will also be replaced for the above feeders, as required.



FIGURE-2.2 WATER BALANCE

2.3 Process Description



The South Block of Panchpatmali bauxite mine will be a fully mechanized opencast mine. Based on the morphology of the block, trench method of mining operation is proposed. This method consists of digging a service road and a number of nearly parallel and slightly ascending trenches with staggered faces and floors at progressively lower levels. Each set of trenches spreads out, wherever possible on either side of Central Axis. A peripheral barrier/safety zone of 7.5 m width will be maintained around periphery of the bauxite deposit along the edge of the plateau. The bauxite will be crushed with the help of a primary crusher before transporting the same through a new overland conveyor to the alumina refinery at Damanjodi.

2.3.1 Basis of Design The basis considered for calculations with regard to different aspects of mining operation and subsequent crushing and transportation of bauxite are indicated below: Bauxite requirement: 3.15 MTPA Average stripping ratio (Bauxite: Over Burden (OB): 1:0.127 ton/ton)

Basis of equipment selection: The capacity of mining in South Block will be 3.15 MTPA Bauxite and 0.4 MTPA OB. Equipment are selected based on the above capacity of the mine. Working duration: The annual effective working hours for mining and crushing plant have been computed on the basis of following assumptions:

Annual shutdown of fifteen (15) days per year.

Weekly shutdown of half (1/2) shift per week amounting to total thirteen (13)

days of shutdown annually.

Two (2) days off annually due to IR and other related issues, like safety week celebration etc.

Annual working days will be 330.

There will be eight (8) months dry days and 4 months monsoon days at a ratio of 2:1.

Two operating shifts per day, each of 8 hours duration.

Effective working hours at 12 per day during dry season whereas, during monsoon, the effective crusher capacity would be 70% of that of the dry season.

Based on the above assumptions, the annual effective working duration work out to approximately 3564 hours.



Average raising rate: Considering the above working hours, the average raising rate of excavated material works out to about 997 tons per hour (TPH) comprising about 885 tons of bauxite and approximately 112 tons of overburden/waste. The average throughput rate of the crushing plant comes to about 885 TPH.

However, as desired by NALCO, crushing plant with rated capacity of 1100 TPH is proposed to be provided based on the experience of present operation. The design capacity of the crushing plant will be at least 25%-33% over and above the rated capacity.

Bulk Density and Specific gravity of bauxite and OB are as follows:

Bulk density of bauxite: 1.5 t/cum Specific gravity of bauxite: 2.1 Bulk density of OB: 2.1 t/cum Specific gravity of OB: 3

Feed ore characteristics for crushing plant: The feed ore characteristics considered for selection of equipment of the crushing plant are as follows:

Top size, mm: 1600 (1% to 2%) Moisture content, per cent: 7 to 13, average 10 Bulk density, tons/cum: 1.5 Specific Gravity: 2 Angle of repose, degree: 35 to 37 Uniaxial compressive strength, mpa: 80 to 100 Hardness, Mohs scale: 2.5 to 3.5

Material quality structure: The material is soft, porous, and friable, pitted and earthy having clay intercalations, fine to medium grained, having indistinct/imperfect cleavage. Mineral composition: Mostly gibbsite, in association with minerals like goethite, kaolinite, boehmite etc.

Average chemical composition:

Al2O3, %: 42.37

SiO2, %: 3.88

Excavation of Overburden:

The overburden consists of top soil and laterite. The average thickness of top soil is about 0.8 m and that of lateritic overburden is 2.0 m. The following sequence will be followed for excavation of top soil and overburden:

a) Removal of top soil with the combination of Dozers and Wheel Loaders and transportation of the same to a designated place for reclamation of the mined out area at a later stage.

b) Excavation of hard laterite will be done by mainly drilling and blasting, and partly with ripper dozers.

c) Loading of overburden into the dumpers by wheel loaders. d) Hauling of lateritic overburden (OB) to mine out areas for back-filling.



In the initial stages of excavation, only overburden (Top soil + Laterite) will be excavated, and it will be stacked at suitable places which will be rehandled later for backfilling of the mined out area in South Block. About 4.00 m to 6.00 m height benches will be maintained for overburden dump yard.

NALCO through its actual mining experience has observed, drilling/blasting to be a more effective method for excavation of 40 per cent of its overburden layers. The remaining 60 per cent of thin layers are generally ripped with rippers.

Mining of Bauxite: The mineralization being quite uneven, mining of bauxite will be done in two stages to minimize the loss/dilution. The first slice of bauxite shall be taken as top bauxite and the next slice shall be taken as bottom bauxite. Top bauxite, being relatively harder, will be loosened by deep hole drilling and blasting. However, selective mining process shall be adopted for excavation of the bottom slice/bottom bauxite. The detail process of mining is described below:

i) Excavation of Top bauxite layers:

The excavation of relatively hard Top Bauxite layer consists of the following steps: a) Drilling of 150 mm dia. blast holes b) Charging the holes with booster and ANFO Explosives and Blasting.

c) Loading of blasted ores into the dumpers by wheel loaders.

d) Hauling of ore to the primary crusher using dumpers. The average height of the top bauxite bench will be maintained at about 8 m.

ii) Excavation of bottom slice/bottom bauxite:

The stepwise processes to be involved are as follows: a) Selective mining with hydraulic backhoes

b) Hauling of ore to primary crusher using dumpers.

Thus, the entire bauxite layer will be removed in two layers as indicated above.

As such, around 40 per cent of bauxite will be mined by deep hole drilling and blasting and the remaining 60 per cent will either be ripped or simply scooped by backhoes from the bottom layers.

Equipment selection will be based on the deposit characteristics and simulation studies at different stages of activities.

Dump Re-handling (for the purpose of recovery of mineral) At the initial stages, only overburden will be excavated to expose bauxite and it will be dumped in the suitable places at South Block. After initial OB removal, bauxite excavation will start and gradually mined out area will be created after the complete excavation of bottom bauxite. The overburden will be dumped directly in



the mined out area without dumping at any other places inside the mine. Thus the lateritic overburden which shall be excavated from the trenches will be simultaneously dumped in the mined out area for backfilling and the top soil shall be spread over the backfilled area. The area shall be further levelled by dozers and plantation shall be carried out over the reclaimed area. This shall be a continuous process till the end of life of the mine.

Equipment/Machineries to be deployed

As discussed above, opencast mechanized method of mining will be adopted for mining at South block of Panchpatmali mine. The list of mining equipment proposed to be deployed for mining is presented in Table-2.6.

TABLE-2.6 LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR MINING

Sr. No. Description Quantity

1 Backhoe Hydraulic Excavator, 6.3 cu m. 2

2 Front End Loader, 13.5 cu m. 2

3 Dumper, 55 ton 6

4 Dumper, 100 ton 6

5 Crawler mounted Drill with Compressor, 150 mm dia 4

6 Ripper Dozer, 890 HP 2

7 Crawler Dozer, 443 HP 2

8 Wheel Dozer, 498 HP 1

9 Motor Grader, 160 HP 1

10 Backhoe Hydraulic Excavator, 3 m3 2

11 Diesel Tanker, 10 KL 2

12 Water Sprinkler, 28 KL 2

13 Vibratory Compactor 1

14 Explosive Van, 9 ton 2

15 ANFO Mixer cum Charger, 5 ton 2

16 Vacuum Suction Drill- ED 2000 Series 2

17 Fire Tender 2

18 Tyre mounted Diesel Generator Set 7

19 Ambulance Van 1

2.3.2 Crusher

A primary crushing plant of 1100 TPH (rated) capacity will also be installed at the South block. An r.o.m hopper of 250 tonnes capacity will be provided above the primary crusher for dumping of bauxite by hauling units. An articulated rock breaker will be provided in the r.o.m hopper to break the boulders that are lodged inside the hopper discharge chute. This will be helpful in breaking the bridging of hopper openings to lodging of multiple smaller boulders. The crushed product will be conveyed by belt feeder and the same will be stored in a 250 tonnes capacity surge hopper equipped with an apron feeder at the bottom of hopper. The material from the transfer hopper will be fed to the overland conveyor with the help of a belt conveyor system. Bauxite feeding facility from new crushing plant to existing over land conveyor is also envisaged under the proposed material handling system. All the chutes must be made with smooth profile, lined with



non-sticky abrasion resistant material and designed considering maximum moisture content and for a flow rate of 120% of design capacity. The list of equipment for crushing plant is given in Table-2.7. The process flow diagram of Bauxite handling is shown as Figure-2.3.

TABLE-2.7 LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR CRUSHING PLANT

Sr. No. Items Quantity (Nos)

1 Heavy duty apron feeder, 1100 TPH (rated) 2

2 Vibrating Grizzly, 1100 TPH (rated) 1

3 Toothed double roll crusher, 1100 TPH (rated) 1

4 Belt conveyors system (1800 TPH rated capacity) lot

5 Belt scale 1

6 Suspended magnet 2

7 E.O.T crane, 40/5 ton 1

8 Mechanical hoist, 2 ton/3 ton 2

9 Rack and pinion gate 1

10 Flap gate 2

11 Articulated rock breaker 1

2.3.3 Overland Conveyor

A new overland conveyor system of capacity 1800 tons per hour (TPH) is envisaged for transportation of crushed bauxite from South Block to Alumina refinery. Proposed conveyor will be routed through the existing conveyor corridor, within the land area under possession by Nalco. The conveyor belt alignment are given in Annexure-III. The cable belt conveyor corridor is shown as Figure-2.4. The list of major change in equipments sizing with respect to existing and proposed project is given in Table-2.8.

TABLE-2.8

MAJOR CHANGE IN EQUIPMENTS SIZING DETAILS

Sr. No. Machineries / Equipment Existing Proposed

1 Ripper Dozer 510 HP (2 nos.) 850 HP (2 nos.) 410 HP (3 Nos.)

890 HP (3 nos.)

2 Wheel Dozer 485 HP (2 nos.) 498 HP (2 nos.)

3 Hydraulic Excavator 6.5 m3 (2 nos.) 3 m3 (3 nos.)

3 m3 (2 nos.)

4 Dumpers 50 T (16 nos.) 55 T (13 nos.)

55 T (6 nos.) 100 T (6 nos.)

5 Loader 8.7 m3 (10 nos.) 13.5 m3 (4 nos.)

6 Primary Crusher 900 TPH 1100 TPH

7 Explosive van 10 T (3 nos.) 9 T (3 nos.)

8 Diesel Tanker 9 KL (2 nos.) 10 KL (2 nos.)

9 Motor Grader 280 HP (2 nos.) 240 HP (1 no.)

160 HP (1 no.) 145 HP (1 no.)

10 Water Sprinkler 28 KL (5 nos.) 28 KL (3 nos.)



FIGURE-2.3 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF BAUXITE HANDLING



FIGURE-2.4(A) CABLE BELT CONVEYOR CORRIDOR



FIGURE-2.4(B)

CABLE BELT CONVEYOR CORRIDOR (CONTD…)



3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

A regional background to the baseline data is being presented at the very outset, which will help in better appreciation of micro-level field data generated from 1st June 2017 to 30th June 2017 for one month representative sample. Applicable Environmental Standards are presented in Annexure-V.

3.1 Land Use Studies Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play important roles for identifying sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the ecological balance in the development of the region.

3.1.1 Objectives

The objectives of land use studies are: To determine the present land use pattern; To analyze the impacts on land use due to mine activities in the study area;

and To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis

growth of mine activities in the study area and its associated impacts. 3.1.2 Land use based on Remote Sensing

Present land use based on remote sensing satellite imageries were collected and interpreted for the 10 km radius study area for analyzing the land use pattern of the study area. Based on the satellite data, land use/ land cover maps have been prepared. Land use/Land Cover Classification System

The present land use / land cover maps were prepared based on the classification system of National standards. For explanation for each of the land use category the details as given in Table-3.1 are considered.

TABLE-3.1 LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Sr. No. Level-1 Level-2

1 Built-up Land Town/cities

Villages

Institution/Industry/Godown etc.

Plotted Area/Layout

2 Agriculture Land Crop Land

Plantations

Fallow

3 Forest Evergreen/Semi evergreen

Deciduous

Forest Plantation

4 Wastelands Rocky/Stony Waste



Sr. No. Level-1 Level-2

Land with /without scrubs

Saline/sandy & Marshy/swampy

5 Water Bodies River/Stream

Lake/Reservoir/Tanks

6 Others Orchard/Other Plantation

Shifting cultivation

Salt Pans, Snow covered/Glacial

Barren/Vacant Land

Data Requirements

IRS Resourcesat-2 L4FMX was acquired for 26th December 2015 and was used for the mapping and interpretation. Besides, other collateral data as available in the form of maps, charts, census records, other reports and especially topographical survey of India maps are used. In addition to this, ground truth survey was also conducted to verify and confirm the ground features. Methodology The methodology adopted for preparation of landuse/land cover thematic map for this project is monoscopic visual interpretation of IRS Resourcesat-2 L4FMX satellite image. The various steps involved in the study include mapping of landuse/landcover details based on image characteristic identification, pre-field interpretation, ground truth collection and post field interpretation.

Prefield Interpretation The False Colour Composite (FCC) of IRS Resourcesat-2 L4FMX satellite data used for pre-field interpretation work. Taking the help of topo-sheets, geology and geomorphology and by using the image elements the features are identified and delineated the boundaries roughly. Each feature is identified on image by their image elements like tone, texture, colour, shape, size, pattern and association. A tentative legend in terms of land cover and land use, physiography and erosion was formulated. The sample areas for field check are selected covering all the physiographic, land use/land cover feature cum image characteristics.

Ground Truth Collection A traverse plan was made to cover as many representative sample areas as possible to observe the broad land use features. The observations were adjusted according to field conditions on the maps already made. Post Field Interpretation The base maps of the study area were prepared, with the help of Survey of India Topo-sheets. Preliminary interpreted land use and the land cover features boundaries from IRS Resourcesat-2 L4FMX (5 m resolution) False Colour Composite were modified in light of field information and the final thematic details were transferred onto the base maps. The final interpreted and classified thematic map was catrographed. The cartographic map was coloured with standard colour



coding and detailed description of feature with standard symbols. All the classes noted and marked by the standard legend on the map. Final Output

The final output would be the land use/land cover map and numerals were given different colour code for each category as shown in map. Area estimation of all features of Land use/Land cover categories was noted. The thematic map and land use pattern is shown in Figure-3.1 and Figure-3.2. The details of the land use in 10 km radial study area are given in Table-3.2.

TABLE 3.2

LAND USE BREAK UP OF THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Level-I Level-II Area (Hectares) Area (%)

1 Built-up Land

1.1 Settlements 6.79 0.34

1.2 Industry/Institutional Land 84.14 4.26

2 Forest Protected/Reserved 2.1 Dense/Open Forest 0.36 0.02

2.2 Degraded Scrub Land 0.00 0.00

2.3 Forest Blank 0.93 0.05

3 Agricultural land

3.1 Plantation 2.02 0.10

3.2 Irrigated/Double Crop 0.51 0.03

3.3 Other Agriculture Land/Single Crop 106.49 5.40

3.4 Fallow Land 47.26 2.40

4 Waste Land 4.1 Land with/without Scrub 1153.00 58.42

4.2 Rocky/Stony/Barren Land 495.48 25.11

4.3 Quarry/Mining Land 71.98 3.65

5 Water Body 5.1 Stream/River/Canal 0.00 0.00

5.2 Tank/Reservoir/Pond 4.25 0.22

6 Others

6.1 Red Mud/Ash Pond 0.00 0.00

Total 1973.21 100.00

Observations Built-up-land: The total build-up-land constitutes 4.6% of total study area. Forest Land: 0.07% of land is occupied by forest land Agricultural land: The part of the study are is occupied by agricultural land

which constitutes about 5.93% of the total area of 1973.2 ha. Waste Land: 87.18% of land is waste land Water Body: 0.22% of land is covered by water body.



FIGURE-3.1 SATELLITE IMAGERY



FIGURE-3.2 LAND USE PATTERN BASED ON SATELLITE DATA



3.2 Air Quality

The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 km radius around the mine site forms the baseline information. The various sources of air pollution in the region are industrial, traffic, urban and rural activities. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the mine operation.

This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The results of monitoring carried out during study period are presented in Annexure-VI.

3.2.1 Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey 3.2.1.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance programme has been based on the following considerations:

Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis; Topography of the study area; Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status;

and Representatives of likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at eight locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. Table-3.3 gives the details of environmental setting around each monitoring station. The location of the selected stations with reference to the mine boundary is given in the same table and shown in Figure-3.3.

TABLE-3.3 DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

Location Code Location of Sampling Station Coordinates

AAQ-1 Panchpatmali main gate 18o50’22.9”N & 83001’0.49”E

AAQ-2 Near Panchpatmali mines nursery 18o50’04.6”N & 83000’46.8”E

AAQ-3 Near helipad 18o49’29.9”N & 83000’15.6”E

AAQ-4 Near security & labour shed 18o48’24.0”N & 82059’11.7”E

AAQ-5 Near view point 18o48’05.8”N & 82058’25.8”E

AAQ-6 Near conveyor belt 18o47’25.2”N & 82057’54.5”E

AAQ-7 Near Putra Ghati check post 18o47’00.9”N & 82057’01.6”E

AAQ-8 Near Nalco plant gate 18o46’05.3”N & 83055’18.5”E

3.2.1.2 Frequency and Parameters for Sampling

The following frequency has been adopted for sampling: Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two days per week during study period. The baseline data of air environment was monitored



for parameters mentioned below as per revised MoEF notification dated 16th November 2009: Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10); Fine Respirable Particulate Matter (PM2.5); Sulphur dioxide (SO2); Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2); Ozone (O3) ; Nickel (Ni); Ammonia (NH3); Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP) in Particulate Phase; Arsenic (As); Carbon monoxide (CO); Lead (Pb); Mercury (Hg); and Benzene (C6H6). The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5184 and American Public Health Organization (APHA).

3.2.1.3 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

Respirable Dust Samplers APM-460 BL attached with APM-151 instruments have been used for sampling of Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx. PM10 (<10) present in ambient air is drawn through the cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable dust (>10) is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles. These separated particulates fall through the cyclone’s conical hopper and collect in the sampling cup placed at the bottom of the cyclone. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the respirable fraction passes the cyclone and is retained by the filter paper.

A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of impingers. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 Litres per Minute (lpm). The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified in IS: 5182.

Duration of Sampling

The sampling duration for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 is twenty-four hourly continuous samples per day and CO and O3 are sampled for 8 hours continuously thrice a day. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (16th November 2009).

3.2.1.4 Method of Analysis



The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS:5184 and American Public Health Association (APHA).

3.2.1.5 Instruments used for Sampling Dust Samplers of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring PM10 (<10 microns), PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NO2. Glass tubes were deployed for collection of grab samples of carbon monoxide. Gas Chromatography techniques have been used for the estimation of CO.

3.2.1.6 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum detectable levels are given in Table-3.4.

TABLE-3.4

TECHNIQUES USED FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Parameters Test Method

Low Detection Limit (g/m3)

Particulate Matter (PM10) Respirable Dust Sampling /High Volume Sampling (Gravimetric)

5.0

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) FRM Method/Low Volume sampling (Gravimetric)

1.0

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Modified West and Gaeke Method 4.0

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Sodium Arsenite method 10.0

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Adsorption and extraction followed by GC-MS analysis

50

Ozone (O3) Spectrophotmetric method 2.0

Ammonia, NH3 Indo-phenol Blue Method 20.0

Benzene, C6H6 Adsorption and desorption followed by GCMS analysis

GCMA – 0.001

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) Solvent Extraction followed by GC-MS

GCMS – 0.01ng/m3

Arsenic (As) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling on EPM Filter paper

GFFA/ICP-MS-0.001

Nickel (Ni) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling on EPM Filter paper

GFFA/ICP-MS-0.001

Lead (Pb) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling on EPM Filter paper

GFFA/ICP-MS-0.001

Mercury (Hg) USEPA method- IO 3.2 0.001

3.2.1.7 Duration of Sampling

The duration of sampling of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 was each twenty four hourly continuous sampling per day and CO and Ozone was sampled for 8 hours continuous thrice in 24 hour duration monitoring. The monitoring was conducted for two days in a week for one month. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central



Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (Nov 16, 2009). The ambient air quality parameters along with their frequency of sampling are given in Table-3.5.

TABLE-3.5 MONITORED PARAMETERS AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING

Parameters Sampling Frequency

Particulate Matter(PM10) 24 hourly sample twice a week for one month

Respirable Particulate Matter(PM2.5)

24 hourly sample twice a week for one month

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly sample twice a week for one month

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 24 hourly sample twice a week for one month

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for one month

Ozone (O3) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour once in month

Ammonia, NH3 24 hourly sample twice a week for one month

Benzene, C6H6 24 hourly sample twice a week for one month

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) 24 hourly sample twice a week for one month

Arsenic (As) 24 hourly sample twice a week for one month

Nickel (Ni) 24 hourly sample twice a week for one month

Lead (Pb) 24 hourly sample twice a week for one month

Mercury (Hg) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour once in month

The details of method of sampling and analysis adopted are given in Annexure-VII.

3.2.2 Presentation of Primary Data

The summary of the results for the one month study period are presented in Table 3.6. Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for industrial and rural /residential zone.



FIGURE-3.3 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

3.2.2.1 Observations of Primary Data



The observations based on a perusal of the results are summarized below: Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10): A maximum value of 60.3 g/m3 was observed at near Nalco plan gate (AAQ-8) and minimum value of 26.6 g/m3 was observed at near view point (AAQ-5). Fine Respirable Particulate Matter (PM2.5): A maximum value of 15.2 g/m3 was observed at Panchpatmail main gate (AAQ-1)

and minimum value of 35.2 g/m3 was observed at near Nalco plant gate (AAQ-8). Sulphur dioxide (SO2): Maximum concentration of SO2 is observed to be 9.5 g/m3 at near conveyor belt (AAQ-6) and minimum value of 20.2 g/m3 observed at near Nalco plant gate (AAQ-8). Nitrogen dioxide (NO2): Maximum concentration of NO2 is observed to be 10.0 g/m3 at Panchpatmali main gate (AAQ-1) and minimum value of 23.1 g/m3 observed at near Nalco plant gate (AAQ-8). Carbon Monoxide (CO): The CO concentrations in the region are observed to be well under the limits of 2000 g/m3 applicable for residential areas as specified by CPCB standards. Ozone (O3): The O3 concentrations in the region are observed to be well under the limits as specified by CPCB standards. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP): PAH concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified by CPCB standards. Ammonia (NH3): Concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified by CPCB standards. Lead (pb): Concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified by CPCB standards. Nickel (Ni):



Concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified by CPCB standards. Arsenic (As): Concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified by CPCB standards. Mercury (Hg): Mercury values in all the locations are observed less then <0.001 g/m3. Benzene (C6H6): Benzene values in all the locations are observed less then <0.001 g/m3.



TABLE-3.6 (A) SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS – ONE MONTH REPRESENTATION SAMPLE

TABLE-3.6 (B)

SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS – ONE MONTH REPRESENTATION SAMPLE

Location/ Village Name

Parameters (g/m3)

NO2 CO O3

Min Max Avg 98th % Min Max Avg 98th % Min Max Avg 98th %

AAQ1 Panchpatmali main gate 10.0 13.8 11.2 13.6 163 217 188 215 3.6 8.0 5.4 7.6

AAQ2 Near Panchpatmali mines nursery

10.5 12.0 11.5 12.0 217 260 239 259 3.8 7.0 5.2 6.9

AAQ3 Near helipad 11.6 13.5 12.6 13.5 190 249 214 244 3.1 6.2 4.2 6.2

AAQ4 Near security & labour shed 13.7 17.0 14.8 16.7 199 259 231 259 3.3 6.5 5.1 6.4

AAQ5 Near view point 11.7 15.0 13.6 14.9 184 242 214 241 2.8 5.0 3.7 5.0

AAQ6 Near conveyor belt 11.9 13.7 12.8 13.7 208 254 228 253 3.1 5.5 4.3 5.5

AAQ7 Near Putra Ghati check post 11.5 14.5 12.8 14.3 210 272 244 272 3.6 6.0 4.9 6.0

AAQ8 Near Nalco plant gate 20.2 23.1 21.9 23.1 574 682 639 682 5.0 10.7 7.0 10.2

Study Area Range 10.0 – 23.1 163 - 682 2.8 – 10.7

CPCB Standard 80 2000 100

Location Code

Location/ Village Name

Parameters (g/m3)

PM10 PM2.5 SO2


AAQ1 Panchpatmali main gate 32.4 35.4 34.2 35.3 15.2 17.7 15.4 17.5 9.8 11.1 10.3 11.1


29.3 34.2 31.9 34.2 16.1 19.0 17.1 18.8 10.2 11.0 10.5 11.0

AAQ3 Near helipad 28.3 32.8 29.9 32.7 16.6 18.3 17.4 18.2 9.7 11.8 10.6 11.8

AAQ4 Near security & labour shed 28.3 33.3 30.4 33.1 16.3 18.8 17.3 18.6 11.2 13.7 12.7 13.7

AAQ5 Near view point 26.6 33.0 29.0 32.6 15.6 19.6 17.7 19.6 9.7 12.5 11.4 12.5

AAQ6 Near conveyor belt 30.7 33.8 32.1 33.8 16.9 19.4 18.3 19.3 9.5 11.0 10.2 11.0

AAQ7 Near Putra Ghati check post 30.6 35.4 33.0 35.3 17.6 19.8 18.4 19.6 10.8 13.5 11.9 13.3

AAQ8 Near Nalco plant gate 49.1 60.3 55.5 59.7 29.4 35.2 31.7 35.2 16.2 20.2 18.7 20.2

Study Area Range 26.6 – 60.3 15.2– 35.2 9.5 –20.2

CPCB Standard 100 60 80



TABLE-3.6 (C)


ocation Code

Location/Village Name

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (ng/m3) Arsenic (As) (g/m3) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3)


AAQ1 Panchpatmali main gate <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001


<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ3 Near helipad <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ4 Near security & labour shed <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ5 Near view point <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ6 Near conveyor belt <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ7 Near Putra Ghati check post <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ8 Near Nalco plant gate <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Study Area Range <0.01 <0.001 <0.001

CPCB Standard 1.0 0.006 0.02

TABLE-3.6 (D)


Location Code

Location Name Mercury (Hg) (µg/m3) Lead (Pb ) (g/m3) Ammonia (NH3) (g/m3)

Min Max Avg 98% Min Max Avg 98% Min Max Avg 98%

AAQ1 Panchpatmali main gate <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0

AAQ2 Near Panchpatmali mines nursery <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0

AAQ3 Near helipad <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0

AAQ4 Near security & labour shed <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0

AAQ5 Near view point <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0

AAQ6 Near conveyor belt <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0

AAQ7 Near Putra Ghati check post <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0

AAQ8 Near Nalco plant gate <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0

Study Area Range <0.001 <0.001 <20.0

CPCB Standard 1.0 400



TABLE-3.6 (E) SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS – ONE MONTH REPRESENTATION SAMPLE

Location Code Location Name Benzene C6H6 (µg/m3)

Min Max Avg 98%

AAQ1 Panchpatmali main gate <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ2 Near Panchpatmali mines nursery <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ3 Near helipad <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ4 Near security & labour shed <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ5 Near view point <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ6 Near conveyor belt <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ7 Near Putra Ghati check post <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ8 Near Nalco plant gate <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Study Area Range <0.001

CPCB Standards 5.0



3.3 Water Quality

Selected water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources within 10 km radius of the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the project. Understanding the water quality is essential in EIA studies to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.

The purpose of this study is to:

Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions,

recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.

The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary sources.

3.3.1 Methodology

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on:

Drainage pattern; Location of residential areas representing different activities/likely impact areas;

and Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.

Four ground water and sources four surface water, within the study area were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other activities on surface and ground water. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

3.3.2 Water Sampling Locations

Water samples were collected from 8 locations. These samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500. The water sampling locations are given in Table-3.7 and shown in Figure-3.4.

TABLE-3.7

WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Code Location Distance (km) Direction

Ground Water

GW1 Gharhati village 0.3 NE

GW2 Khalbari village 1.7 SE

GW3 Malhalputti village 4.3 SW

GW4 Kokarhaputtu village 5.0 NW

Code Location Coordinates



Code Location Distance (km) Direction

Surface water

SW1 Near water harvesting pond 18o48’54.8”N & 82o59’37.4”E

SW2 Stream water falling from hill 18o48’54.3”N & 82o58’26.1”E

SW3 Stream water outlet in pipes 18o47’22.4”N & 82o57’59.7”E

SW4 Nalco river near mines security check post

18o46’59.0”N & 82o56’56.6”E

3.3.3 Presentation of Results

The results of the water quality monitored during the study period are given in Table 3.8(A) to Table-3.8(B). Ground Water Quality Observations made on the analytical results pertaining to all the locations reveal that pH values ranged from 6.9 – 7.4 during study period. The values for EC were observed to be between 110 – 490 µS/cm in studied samples. Total hardness and chloride values at the water quality monitoring locations were observed to be 32 - 131 mg/l and 5.2 - 31.5 mg/l. All the parameters are well within the limits as per IS:10500 and below detectable limits.

Surface Water Quality Observations made on the analytical results pertaining to all the locations reveal that pH values ranged between 7.1 – 7.4 during study period. The values for EC were observed to be between 41 - 67 µS/cm in studied samples. DO values were observed to be varying from 5.3 - 5.8 mg/l during the study period. Total hardness values at the water quality monitoring locations were observed to be 10 - 18 mg/l in study samples. Chlorides and Fluorides were found to be 4.9 - 7.2 mg/l and 0.2 - 0.4 mg/l in studied samples.



FIGURE-3.4 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS



TABLE-3.8(A) GROUND WATER QUALITY

Sr. No. Parameter IS:10500

Limits Units GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4

1 pH 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) - 7.2 6.9 7.3 7.4

2 Colour (Hazen units)

5 (25) Hazen 3

4 3 5

3 Taste Agreeable (Ag) - (Ag) (Ag) (Ag) (Ag)

4 Odour Unobjec-tionable (UO)

- (UO) (UO) (UO) (UO)

5 Conductivity $ uS/cm 315 490 110 150

6 Turbidity (NTU) 5 (10) NTU 4 7 5 4

7 Total Dissolve solids

500 (2000) mg/l 195

310 70 95

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3

300 (600) mg/l 74

131 32 49

9 Total Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 109 180 40.5 56.5

10 Calcium as Ca 75 (200) mg/l 15.8 22.4 9.3 11.6

11 Magnesium as Mg 30 (100) mg/l 8.4 18.2 2.1 4.8

12 Residual Chlorine 0.2 min mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

13 Boron 1 mg/l 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.03

14 Chloride as Cl 250 (1000) mg/l 18.4 31.5 5.2 8.3

15 Sulphate as SO4 200 (400) mg/l 11.2 5.4 1.2 3.7

16 Fluorides as F- 1.0 (1.5) mg/l 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

17 Nitrates as NO3 45 (NR) mg/l 12.3 18.6 7.4 4.6

18 Sodium as Na $ mg/l 35.6 47.2 10.8 12.3

19 Potassium as K $ mg/l 5.1 10.2 0.6 1.1

20 Phenolic Compounds

0.001 (0.002) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21 Cyanides 0.05 (NR) mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

22 Anionic Detergents 0.2 (1.0) mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

23 Mineral Oil 0.1 (0.03) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

24 Cadmium as Cd 0.003 (NR) mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

25 Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.05) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

26 Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.01

27 Lead as Pb 0.05 (NR) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

28 Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

29 Iron as Fe 0.3 (NR) mg/l 0.26 0.18 0.09 0.14

30 Chromium as Cr6+ 0.05 (NR) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

31 Selenium as Se 0.01(NR) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

32 Zinc as Zn 5 (15) mg/l 1.25 1.12 0.07 1.31

33 Aluminium as Al 0.03 (0.2) mg/l 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.09

34 Mercury as Hg 0.001 (NR) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

35 Pesticides Absent mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent

36 E-coli(Nos/100 ml) Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

37 Total Coliforms 10 MPN/100 ml

<2 <2 <2 <2



TABLE-3.8(B) SURFACE WATER QUALITY

Sr. No Parameters Unit SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4

1 pH - 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.1

2 Colour Hazen 1 1 1 1

3 Conductivity S/cm 53 46 41 67

4 TDS mg/l 34 29 26 43

5 DO mg/l 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.4

6 BOD mg/l <3 <3 <3 <3

7 COD mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 13 10 10 18

9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 12.9 13.2 11.0 19.2

10 Calcium as Ca2+ mg/l 3.2 2.8 2.9 4.4

11 Magnesium as Mg2+ mg/l 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.6

12 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 6.8 5.4 4.9 7.2

13 Residual free Chlorine mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

14 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

15 Sulphates as SO42- mg/l 2.8 1.1 1.5 2.2

16 Fluorides as F- mg/l 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4

17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.9

18 Sodium as Na mg/l 6.2 5.7 4.8 7.2

19 Potassium as K mg/l 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3

20 Total Boron as B mg/l 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.06

21 Phenolic Compound as C6H5OH

mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

22 Cyanide as CN- mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

23 Oil and Grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

25 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

26 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

27 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

28 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.46 0.02 0.15 0.28

29 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

30 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

31 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02

32 Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.74 0.03 0.22 0.40

33 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

34 SAR - 0.76 0.77 0.66 0.75

35 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent

36 Anionic detergents as MBAS

mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

37 Total Coliforms MNP/100ml 22 12 18 26

3.4 Noise Level Survey

The environmental assessment of noise from the proposed project of activity and

vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors

like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and

general community responses.

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:



Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously varying in loudness;

The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in

residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The environmental impact assessment of noise from the proposed project of mining activities and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses.

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels, and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be proposed project activities.

3.4.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in and around the proposed mine production. Noise at different noise generating sources has been identified based on the activities in the village area and ambient noise due to traffic. The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of ambient noise levels in the study area. The noise levels at each location were recorded for 24 hours. The environment setting of noise monitoring locations is given in Table-3.9 and shown in Figure-3.5.



FIGURE-3.5 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS



TABLE- 3.9 DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Location Code

Location of Sampling Station Coordinates

N1 Panchpatmali main gate 18o50’22.9”N & 83o01’0.49”E

N2 Near Panchpatmali mines nursery 18o50’04.6”N & 83o00’46.8”E

N3 Near helipad 18o49’29.9”N & 83o00’15.6”E

N4 Near security & labour shed 18o48’24.0”N & 82o59’11.7”E

N5 Near view point 18o48’05.8”N & 82o58’25.8”E

N6 Near conveyor belt 18o47’25.2”N & 82o57’54.5”E

N7 Near Putra Ghati check post 18o47’00.9”N & 82o57’01.6”E

N8 Near Nalco plant gate 18o46’05.3”N & 83o55’18.5”E

3.4.2 Method of Monitoring

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area.

3.4.3 Methodology of Data Generation

3.4.3.1 Instrument Used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using integrated sound level meter manufactured by Quest Technologies, USA (Model No.2900). The integrating sound level meter is an integrating/ logging type with octave filter attachment (model OB-100) with frequency range of 31.5 to 16000 Hz. This instrument is capable of measuring the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Leq and octave band frequency analysis.

3.4.3.2 Method of Monitoring

Noise level monitoring was carried out continuously for 24 hours with one hour

interval starting at 06.00 hrs to 06.00 hrs next day. The noise levels were

monitored on working days only and Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays were

not monitored. During each hour, Leq were directly computed by the instrument

based on the sound pressure levels. Lday (Ld), Lnight (Ln) and Ldn values were

computed using corresponding hourly Leq of day and night respectively. Monitoring

was carried out at ‘A’ response and fast mode. 3.4.3.3 Parameters Measured During Monitoring

For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below: L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 per cent of the time; L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 per cent of the time; and



L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 per cent of the time.

Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq):

The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation:

60

)_LL(LL

29010

50eq +=

Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 am to 10 pm). Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 pm to 6 am). Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn):

The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during night time period (10 pm to 6 am) a 10 dB(A) weighting penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average. This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that the noise during night, when people are usually in sleep, is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the day time. The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq’s, by the following equation.

)]}10(8+)10(16[24/1log{10=L10/)10+L(10/L

dnnd

TABLE-3.10

AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS

Location

Code

Location/Village

Name L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn

N1 Panchpatmali main gate

73.4 69.5 65.8 70.5 71.3 67.7 74.8

N2 Near Panchpatmali mines nursery

70.2 66.3 62.6 67.3 68.1 64.5 71.6

N3 Near helipad 62.1 58.2 54.5 59.2 60.0 56.4 63.5

N4 Near security & labour shed

68.1 64.2 60.5 65.2 66.0 62.4 69.5

N5 Near view point 65.1 61.2 57.5 62.2 63.0 59.4 66.5

N6 Near conveyor belt 74.2 70.3 66.6 71.3 72.1 68.5 75.6

N7 Near Putra Ghati check post

72.6 68.7 65.0 69.7 70.5 66.9 74.0

N8 Near Nalco plant gate

74.6 70.7 67.0 71.7 72.5 68.9 76.0



Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am). The ambient noise level standards for different areas is given in Table-3.11.

TABLE-3.11 AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL STANDARDS

Ambient Noise Standards

Area Code Category of Area Noise Levels (dB (A) Leq (Limits)

Day time Night time

A Industrial Area 75 70

B Commercial Area 65 55

C Residential Area 55 45

D Silence Zone 50 40

3.4.4 Presentation of Results

The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at eight locations. The parameters are analyzed for L10, L50, L90, Leq, Lday, Lnight, and Ldn. The statistical analysis results are given in Table-3.10.

3.4.5 Observations

Baseline noise levels have been monitored at different points within the study area. At random 8 noise level measurement locations were identified for assessment of the existing noise level status.

a) Day Time Noise Levels (Lday)

Day time noise levels: The noise levels varied between 60.0-72.5 dB(A) during the day time, the maximum of 72.5 dB(A) being observed at near plant gate (N8) and the minimum of 60.0 dB(A) being observed at near helipad (N3). Night time noise levels: The noise levels varied between 56.4-68.9 dB(A) during the day time, the maximum of 70.5 dB(A) being observed at near plant gate (N8) and the minimum of 56.4 dB(A) being observed at near helipad (N3).

3.5 Demography and Socio-Economics

The demographic and socio- economic conditions prevailing in the 10 km radius of the proposed project area of Karadiguda and Bhejaput villages in Koraput C.D block, Narayanpatana, Lakshmipur, Dasamanthapur C.D blocks in Koraput district of Odisha” is analyzed. The socio-economic data forms the basis for developing a suitable enterprise social responsibility plan to address the needs of the population.



The project proponent has taken up the socio-economic development initiatives not only to minimize the negative impact on the population and also improve the socio-economic status of population living in 10 km radius of the mine as its sustained effort as part of corporate social responsibility and its periphery development initiatives.

3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes review of published secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks- 2011 and Primary Census Abstract of Census-2011) with respect to population, density, household size, sex ratio, social stratification, literacy rate and occupational structure for 10 km radius study area.

3.5.2 Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile-2011 The village wise demographic data of Kurumuli (CT) Census towns, Damanjodi (CT) and 65 villages falling within 10 km radius of the project site as per the 2011 census is given in Annexure-VIII. The salient features of the demographic and socio-economic conditions are analyzed and described in the following sections.

3.5.3 Demography Distribution of Population As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 56,796 persons inhabited in study area. The distribution of population in the study area is shown in Table-3.12.

TABLE-3.12 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km

No. of Households 2665 8479 3926 15070

Male Population 5017 15870 7290 28177

Female Population 5225 15744 7650 28619

Total Population 10242 31614 14940 56796

Male Population (0-6 years) 821 2401 1320 4542

Female Population (0-6 years) 821 2330 1272 4423

Total Population (0-6 years) 1642 4731 2592 8965

% of 0-6 years population 16.03 14.96 17.35 15.78

Average Household Size 3.84 3.73 3.81 3.77

% of males to the total population

48.98 50.20 48.80 49.61

% of females to the total population 51.02 49.80 51.20 50.39

Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 1041 992 1049 1016

Density 293 327 169 258

Source: District Census Hand Book –2011



Average Household Size The study area has a household size of 3.77 as per 2011 census data. Population Density The density of population reveals that the study area has an overall density of 258 people per km2 (People per km2) as per 2011 census reports. In comparison the study area density of population is less than to Odisha state (279). Sex Ratio The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about 49.61% and females to 50.39% of the total population as per 2011 census records. The study area on an average has 1016 females per 1000 males as per 2011 census reports. In comparison to the Koraput district sex ratio (Koraput 1032) the study area has recorded low sex ratio. The sex ratio in the study area indirectly reveals certain sociological and cultural aspects in relation with female births.

3.5.4 Social Structure

In the study area, as per 2011 census, 11.75% of the population belongs to (SC)

Scheduled Castes and 46.48% belongs to (ST) Scheduled Tribes. Overall the data

of social stratification reveals that the SC and ST % to population is more than

58%.

In comparison with study area proportion of SC and ST population is less than the

district. The proportion of SC and ST population in Koraput district is SC 14.2%

and ST 50.6%. The SC and ST communities are marginalized and they are

considered at low level of social strata and calls for a special attention in Social

Impact Management Plan for improving their socio-economic status apart from

preservation and protection of their art, culture and traditional rights of livelihood.

The distribution of population by social structure is shown in Table-3.13.

TABLE-3.13 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km

Schedule caste 751 4619 1303 6673

% To the total population 7.33 14.61 8.72 11.75

Schedule Tribes 6095 10736 9570 26401

% To the total population 59.51 33.96 64.06 46.48

Total SC and ST population 6846 15355 10873 33074

% To total population 66.84 48.57 72.78 58.23

Total population 10242 31614 14940 56796

Source: District Census Hand Book –2011



3.5.5 Literacy Levels The data of study area reveals that literacy rate of 55.16% as per 2011 census, which is found to be more than Koraput district rate of literacy (Koraput district 49.2%). The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table-3.14.

TABLE-3.14 DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES

Particulars 0-3 km

3-7 km

7-10 km

0-10 km

Male Population 5017 15870 7290 28177

Female Population 5225 15744 7650 28619


Male Population (0-6 years) 821 2401 1320 4542

Female Population (0-6 years) 821 2330 1272 4423

Total Population (0-6 years) 1642 4731 2592 8965

Total Population above 7 years 8600 26883 12348 47831

Male literates (7+ years) 2648 10015 3261 15924

Female literates (7+ Years) 1364 7184 1913 10461

Total literates (7+ Years) 4012 17199 5174 26385

Male literacy rate (%) to the total literates 66.00 58.23 63.03 60.35

Female literacy rate (%) to the total literates 34.00 41.77 36.97 39.65

Average Male Literacy to the total population (%)

30.79 37.25 26.41 33.29

Average female Literacy to the total population (%)

15.86 26.72 15.49 21.87

Total Literacy rate (%) to the total population 46.65 63.98 41.90 55.16

Source: District Census Hand Book –2011 The percentage of male literates to the total literates of the study area works out to be 60.35%. The percentage of female literates to the total literates, which is an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 39.65% in the study area as per 2011 census records.

3.5.6 Occupational Structure The occupational structure of residents of work participation rate in the study area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services.

The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other non-workers who do not fall under the above categories.



Total work participation rate in the project study areas is 45.98% and the non-workers constitute 54.02% of the total population respectively. In comparison with study area work participation rate is less than the Koraput district. (Koraput district is 50.3%) The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the predominant population. The main workers to the total workers are 64.05% and the marginal workers constitute to 35.95% to the total workers. The occupational structure of the study area is presented in Table-3.15.

TABLE-3.15

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km

7-10 km

0-10 km


Total workers 4265 13641 8208 26114

Work participation rate (%) 41.64 43.15 54.94 45.98

Total main workers 2361 9768 4598 16727

% of main workers to total workers 55.36 71.61 56.02 64.05

Marginal workers 1904 3873 3610 9387

% of marginal workers to total workers

44.64 28.39 43.98 35.95

Non-workers 5977 17973 6732 30682

% of non-workers to total population 58.36 56.85 45.06 54.02

Source: District Census Hand Book-2011 3.6 Ecology and Biodiversity

Ecological evaluation aims at developing and applying methodologies to assess the relevance of an area for nature conservation. As such, it is to support the assessment of the impact of a proposed development by providing guidance on how to describe the ecological features within the area affected, how to value them, and how to predict the value losses caused by the development. The evaluation of the ecological significance of an area can be undertaken from different perspectives and consequently with different objectives. One of such perspectives focus on the conservation of the biological diversity or biodiversity. Among the human activities that pose the highest threat to the conservation of biodiversity are the developmental projects in particular. Such projects represent artificial elements that cut through the landscape and interfere with the natural habitat and its conditions by emissions that may be solid, liquid and or gaseous. This in turn influences the abundance and distribution of plant and animal species, i.e., the biodiversity of the areas impacted.

3.6.1 Objectives of the study

The present study was undertaken with the following objectives to assess both terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the existing conveyor belt and for proposed new conveyor belt.

To assess the flora and fauna along the proposed conveyor belt corridor;

To ascertain the migratory routes of fauna, presence of breeding grounds and

sensitive habitats near the conveyor belt, if any.



To assess the presence of protected areas near the conveyor belt corridor.

To review the information from secondary sources and discuss the issues of

concern with the relevant authority and stakeholders.

Impact prediction based on primary and secondary data sources to formulate

mitigation measures.

3.6.2 Methodology

To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken along the entire stretch of 11 km conveyor belt corridor area starting from the mine lease site upto alumina plant site. The different methods adopted were as follows: Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in

the study area; Primary data collection for flora through random sampling method for trees,

shrubs and herbs from the selected locations to enumerate the vegetation cover qualitatively.

Aquatic ecological location was chosen to ascertain the phytoplankton and zooplankton of the region.

RET – Rare, Endangered and Threatened Species of flora were ascertained along the proposed conveyor belt route.

To identify the flora and fauna in the study area and also to identify the fauna by secondary indicators such as pugmarks, scats, fecal pallets, calls and other signs along the conveyor belt.

For ecological information, the secondary sources such as published from peer reviewed scientific literature such as local officials, villagers and other stakeholders were interviewed.

The list of Terrestrial and Aquatic sampling locations in the study area is presented in Table-3.16 and shown in Figure-3.6.

TABLE-3.16

LIST OF ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Location Code List of Ecological Sampling Locations

Terrestrial Ecological Locations

TE-1 Bhejaput

TE-2 Putraguha

TE-3 Near Bhitara Bhjaputtu

TE-4 Near Putragurha

TE-5 Morichamal

TE-6 Bilariguda

TE-7 Kandajhola

TE-8 Kuturhi

TE-9 Rangapani

TE-10 Jambadigurha

Aquatic Ecological Location

AE-1 Shakaigarh Nala



3.6.3 Forest blocks found in the Vicinity of the Conveyor Belt

There are 7 forest blocks in the study area. The details of the forest blocks present within 10 km radius study area are presented in Table-3.17. The list of flora along the conveyor belt is given in Table-3.18.

TABLE-3.17 LIST OF FOREST BLOCKS IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No Forest Blocks Distance (km) Direction

1 Burha panasa P.F 4.6 E

2 Kotraghati P.F 5.9 N

3 Hatimali R.F 6.1 NNW

4 Pindamali P.F 6.1 E

5 Jhankarpabli P.F 8.8 NNE

6 Baghamundi R.F 9.5 N

7 Samana P.F 9.5 E

However, it is to be noted that the proposed conveyor belt is not passing through any of the above mentioned 7 forest blocks in the 10 km radius of the buffer zone.



FIGURE-3.6 ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS



TABLE-3.18 LIST OF FLORA RECORDED ALONG CONVEYOR BELT

Sr.No Scientific name Common name Family

Plantations

1 Grevillea robusta Silver oak Proteaceae

2 Eucalyptus globulus Nilgiri Myrtaceae

3 Eucalyptus citridora Citridora/Lemon Scented Gum Myrtaceae

4 Syzygium cumini Jamun Myrtaceae

5 Psidium guajava Amrud/Guava Myrtaceae

6 Syzgium jambos Rose apple Myrtaceae

7 Albizzia sripulata Tentra Mimisaceae

8 Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo/Shisham Fabaceae

9 Alstonia scholaris Chhatian/Saptaparna Apocynaceae

10 Pongamia pinnata Karanj Fabaceae

11 Phoenix acualis Bhui-Khajur /Chind Arecaceae

12 Polyathia longifolia False Ashoka Annonaceae

Natural vegetation

1 Artocarpus heterophyllus Jack fruit Anacardiaceae

2 Haldina adina- cordifolia Kadamba Rubiaceae

3 Azadiractha indica Neem Meliaceae

4 Anogeissus latifolia Dhaora/ Dhaura Combretaceae

5 Bombax ceiba Semal Malvaceae

6 Boswellia serrata Salai Burseraceae

7 Cassia fistula Amaltas Caesalpinaceae

8 Caryota urens Fish tail palm Arecaceae

9 Casearia graveolens Safed karai Salicaceae

10 Callicarpa tomentosa Beauty berry plant Verbanaceae

11 Cordia myxa Lasura Boraginaceae

12 Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu Ebenaceae

13 Dalbergia sissoo Shisham/Sissoo Fabaceae

14 Dalbergia latifolia Kala –shisham/Rose wood Fabaceae

15 Ficus religiosa Peepal Moraceae

16 Ficus bengalensis Banyan Moraceae

17 Lannea coramandelica Mohin Anacardiaceae

18 Morinda tinctora Aal Rubiaceae

19 Mangifera indica Aam Anacardiaceae

20 Mitragyna parviflora Kaim Rubiaceae

21 Oroxylum indicum Indian-trumpet flower Bignoniaceae

22 Phoenix acualis Dwarf Khajur/Bhui Khajur Arecaceae

23 Pterocarpus marsupium Indian-kino tree/Bijasal Fabaceae

24 Phyllanthus emblica Indian gooseberry Euphorbiaceae

25 Terminalia tomentosa Saaj Combretaceae

26 Sterblus asper Toothbrush Tree Moraceae

28 Tamarindus indicus Imli/Tamarind Fabaceae

29 Terminalia bellerica Baheda/ Bibhitaki Combertaceae

Shrubs & Herbs

1 Andrographis paniculata Kirayat Acanthaceae

2 Lantana camara Wild sage Verbanaceae

3 Holarrhena pubeseens Korva indrajau Apocynaceae

4 Woodfordia fruticosa Dhatki/Fire flame bush Lythraceae

5 Tridax procumbens Mexican daisy Asteraceae

6 Ipomea carnea Bush Morning Glory Convolvulaceae

7 Mimosa pudica Touch-me-not herb/Lajwanti Mimosaceae

Grasses



Sr.No Scientific name Common name Family

1 Vetiver zizanoides Khus Khus grass Poaceae

2 Aristida setacea Purple Three awn Poaceae

3 Cynodon dactylon Doob dhas Poaceae

4 Dendrocalamus strictus Bans Poaceae

5 Heteropogon contortus Black spear grass Poaceae

6 Cyperus rotundus Nut grass Cyperaceae

7 Bambusa arundinacea Kanta Bans Poaceae

Climbers

1 Tinospora cordifolia Gulvel/Guduchi Menispermaceae

2 Cissus quadrangularis Hathjod Vitaceae

Lichen Species observed near Panchpatmali Mine Lease Area

1 Heterodermia diademata Shield Lichen Physciaceae

3.6.4 The flora Observed along Conveyor Belt Corridor

The vegetation of the hill range falls under category of tropical deciduous forests. The hill top is covered with grasses and weeds such as Lantana camara – (Raimuniya-Lantana) are the common species found along the hill slopes of Souhern Eastern Ghats where the Panchpatmali mine lease area is situated in Koraput district, Odisha. Common species found in the hill slopes are Pterocarpus marsupium-Bijsaal, Diospyros melanoxylon-Tendu, Mangifera indica-Mango/aam. There are scattered patches of Eucalyptus species (Nilgiri), Grevellia robusta (Silver oak) and Pongamia pinnata –Karanj along the corridor which are interpresed with Phoenix acualis (Bhu-Khajur- Dwarf Khajur) which occurs naturally and it is also extensively planted for the slope control along the mine lease area. Scattered patches of Casuarina equisetifolia - Casuarina were observed on the slopes of the mine lease area and other hills along with Phoenix acualis- Bhu-khajur there on slopes of buffer zone hills. The list of plant species recorded is presented in Table-3. The corridor has also presence of Lichen flora, which is one of the major bio- indicators, the species found in the Panchpatmali mine lease area has been identified as Shield Lichen, which is widely found in the Southern Eastern Ghats of Odisha state- Heterodermia diademata along the conveyor belt corridor.



Enumeration of Flora in the study area

near Bhejaput area Floristic identification near the Mine

Lease Area – Panchpatpali Mine

Lichens observed during the field study – Bio- indicators in Panchpatmali Mine

Lease Area

Lichens observed during Study – Lichens are Sensitive Bio- indicators

species

Mimosa pudica – Touch me not herb in the Study area-Lajwanti (Hindi)

Lantana camara species- Lantana and other species found in the

study area

FIGURE-3.7(A) PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES DURING ENUMERATION

OF PROPOSED CONVEYOR BELT STUDY



Shield Lichen - Heterodermia diademata – belonging to Physciaceae, was also found near Conveyor belt of Panchpatmali Mine Lease Area, which act as “ Bio-Indicators Species” related to sulphur dioxide pollution.

Green Belt Area developed along the conveyor belt on panchpatmali Mine

Lease Area – Grevellia robusta trees –Silver Oak

Eastern Ghats ranges through which Conveyor belt is passing consisting of

Phoenix acualis- Dwarf Khajur –Bhui- Khajur (Also used for slope stabilization)

FIGURE-3.7(B) PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES DURING ENUMERATION OF

PROPOSED CONVEYOR BELT STUDY



3.6.5 The fauna observed along Conveyor Belt Corridor

The fauna were observed using line transects and belt transects and observed on the basis of scat analysis and calls of the birds heard during the survey and seen and species found in these parts of Eastern Ghats were also cross-checked. The list of fauna found in the belt corridor is listed in Table-3.19.

TABLE-3.19

LIST OF FAUNA RECORDED ALONG THE CONVEYOR BELT

Sr. No. Scientific name Common name Conservation status as per WPA (1972)

Aves (Birds)

1 Gracupica contra Pied myna Sch-IV

2 Acridotheres tristis Common myna Sch-IV

3 Columba livia Blue Rock-Pigeon Sch–V

4 Coracias bengalensis India roller Sch–IV

5 Adreola grayii Pond heron Sch–IV

6 Gallus gallus Red jungle fowl Sch–IV

7 Turdoides caudata Common babbler Sch–IV

8 Passer domesticus House sparrow Sch–IV

9 Dicrurus macrocercus Black drongo Sch–IV

10 Egretta garzetta Little egret Sch-IV

11 Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufus Tree pie Sch-IV

12 Prinia buchanania Rufus prinia Sch-IV

13 Orthomus sutorius Common tailor bird Sch-IV

14 Artamus fuscus Ashy wood swallow Sch-IV

15 Saxicoloides fulicatus Indian robin Sch-IV

16 Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel Sch-IV

17 Ardea cinerea Grey heron Sch-IV

18 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove Sch-IV

19 Caproimulgus asiaticus Indian night jar Sch-IV

20 Upupa epops Hoopoe Sch–IV

21 Corvus splendens Common crow Sch-V

22 Corvus machrorhynchos Jungle crow Sch–IV

23 Pycnonotus cafer Red Vented-bulbul Sch–IV

24 Tudoides striatus Jungle babbler Sch–IV

25 Lonchura striata White backed munia Sch–IV

26 Halcyon smyrnensis White breasted king fisher Sch-IV

27 Anthus rufulus Paddy Field Pitpit Sch-IV

Reptiles

1 Ptyas mucosus Common Rat Snake Sch-II

2 Naja naja Cobra Sch-II

3 Chameleon zeylanicus Chameleon Sch-II

4 Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Sch-IV

Mammals

1 Canis aureus Jackal Sch-II

2 Sus scrofa Wild boar Sch-III

3 Presbytis entellus Hanuman Langur Sch-II

4 Macaca mulatta Rhesus monkey Sch-II

5 Lepus nigricollis Black Napped Indian Hare Sch-IV

6 Herpestes edwardsi Common Indian Mongoose Sch-IV



Sr. No. Scientific name Common name Conservation status as per WPA (1972)

7 Hystrix indica Porcupine Sch-IV

8 Felis chaus Jungle cat Sch-II

9 Viverricula indica Small Indian civet Sch-II

10 Melurus ursinus Sloth Bear Sch-I

The Sloth bear Melurus ursinus is found along the hilly areas of 11 km radius of the conveyor belt corridor.

3.5.6 Aquatic Ecological Sampling Location-Shakaigarh Nala

Shakaigarh Nala is chosen as the aquatic ecological location located in the study area, the Phytoplankton and Zooplankton diversity were observed and samples were presented in the Table-3.20. The samples were preserved in 4 % of Lugol solution collected in five liter water bottles. 10 phytoplankton species were recorded along with 9 species of zooplankton species.

TABLE-3.20

LIST OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON

Sr. No Phytoplankton Zooplankton

1 Actinastrum sp Amoeba sp

2 Anabaena sp Brachionus sp

3 Coelatrum sp Ceriodaphnia sp

4 Gomphonema sp Cyclops sp

5 Navicula gracilis sp Cypris sp

6 Nitzshia sp Diaphanosoma sp

7 Oscillatoria sp Diaptomus sp

8 Spinulina sp Keratella tropica

9 Pinnularia sp Pseudodiaptomus sp

10 Synedra sp -

3.5.7 Conclusions

There are no endangered or threatened flora found along the 11 km stretch of conveyor belt corridor and apart only one Schedule-I animal- Sloth bear which is found along the Panchpatmali mine lease area and in the adjoining area, which is listed in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Rest of fauna is listed in remaining schedules such as namely; II, III, IV and V comprising of 27 species of birds, 4 species of reptiles, 10 species of mammals including the above mentioned ‘Sloth bear’ were found along the conveyor belt corridor. Along with few species of butterflies and honey bees confined in the insecta class. Along with presence of Lichen flora – Heterodermia diademata species which is known as “Shield lichen species” found near the conveyor belt corridor.



3.7 Traffic Density Survey Traffic studies have been conducted to know the prevailing traffic volumes on the

roads in the study area. It is essential to consider these details for assessing the anticipated future traffic volumes as a part of overall impact assessment for the project. The variations of traffic densities depend upon the working days and time and also vary in day and night times. In order to assess the prevailing traffic volumes on the roads, the survey was conducted during normal working days of the week by avoiding local holidays or abnormal situations to reflect the true picture of the traffic densities. The traffic study was conducted at two locations for 24 hours.

3.7.1 Selection of Sampling Location

The traffic density study was conducted at Semiliguda to Damanjodi Road and Nalco check post to Putraghati check post.

3.7.2 Methodology

Vehicular Count The vehicles plying in both the directions were counted continuously for 24 hours. The vehicles were counted every hour and recorded under respective category. The maximum traffic count in an hour is termed as peak hour traffic. The vehicles were categorized under various heads like bikes, four-wheelers, buses/trucks and heavy vehicles.

Categorization of Traffic

The engine driven vehicles were categorized into various heads viz. as two wheelers (scooters, motor cycles etc.), three wheelers (auto rickshaws, 3-wheel tempo etc.), Light motor vehicles (cars, jeeps), Buses/trucks; Heavy Motor Vehicles such as tractors, dumpers etc.

3.7.3 Results and Discussion

The summary of daily traffic count for the location was monitored during the study period is summarized in Table-3.21 and % of composition of the vehicles is given in the Table-3.22.

The present level of traffic has been converted to Passenger Car Units (PCU) at this location as per the conversion factors stipulated by Indian Road Congress (IRC). The Passenger Car Unit (PCU) recorded at the selected traffic location, which is towards Semiliguda to Damanjodi Road is about 2141 PCU, Nalco check post to Putraghati check post is about 98 PCU.



TABLE-3.21 TRAFFIC DENSITY (VEHICLES/DAY)

Code Location Two

Wheelers

(Bicycle/

Scooter/

Motorcycle)

Four

Wheelers

(Car/Jeep)

Tractors

/ Trucks

Buses Multi

Axles

Total No

of

Vehicles

1 Semiliguda to Damanjodi (to and fro)

510

95 284 150 36 1075

2 Nalco check post to Putraghati check post (to and fro) 30 38 12 18

- 98

Total no of vehicles 540 133 296 168 36 1173

Total PCU’s 270 133 888 504 108 1903

Note: PCU rating: (2/3 wheelers: 0.5, Car/Jeep: 1.0, Tractor: 3.0, Buses: 3.0, Trucks/HMV: 3.0)

TABLE–3.22 RECOMMENDATIONS ON TRAFFIC CAPACITY – IRC

Sr. No.

Category of Road Maximum Carrying Capacity (PCU/day)

1 Two lane roads (7 m) with earthen shoulders 15,000

2 4-lane highway with earthen shoulders 35,000

The Semiliguda to Damnjodi road is at present a two lane highway. It can take a maximum density of 15,000 PCU per day. The current density based on the primary survey during two days survey ranged from 1903 moving towards Semiliguda to Damnjodi (to and fro).



4.0 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS ASSESSMENT

The proposed project operations in general cause environmental degradation and if adequate control measures are not taken to prevent/mitigate the adverse environmental impacts, these operations may cause irreversible damage to the eco-system. The environmental parameters most commonly affected by mining activities are: Topography; Climate; Drainage; Flora and fauna; Air Quality; Water Quality; Noise Levels; Ground Vibrations; Land use; and Socio-Economic Conditions.

The impacts of mining on various environmental attributes due to the mining activity are discussed in the following sections.

4.1 Impact on Topography and Climate

4.1.1 Impact on Topography

The complete mine lease area falls on the Panchpatmali hill and the deposit occurs at 880 m to 1,366 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL). Bauxite occurs mainly on the flat portions of the plateau from 1,185 m to 1,266 m. Bauxite formation is layered with a thin cover of soil at some places and a fairly thick cover of lateritic overburden. The natural topography of along the construction of conveyer line at the Panchpatmali area will be modified to some extent by the new conveyer construction facility and expansion of crushing operation facility.

4.1.2 Impact on Climate

Temperature The trends of average monthly minimum and maximum temperatures were monitored at the proposed project and also analyzed based on the data from nearest IMD station at Koraput show a regular cyclic pattern. The temperature patterns at the regional level indicate a regional behavior. In view of this, it is assumed that the temperatures are not likely to be affected by the relatively insignificant bauxite mining. Any local temperature hikes due to operation of mining machinery are moderated by the plantation activities. Rainfall The average annual rainfall in the region recorded at IMD-Koraput is about 1,647.8 mm. It is not expected to have any adverse effect on the rainfall pattern of the area. Moreover, the climatic conditions will improve with the proposed plantation.



Wind Speed The wind speeds in any area are dependent on the general topographic of elevation and depressions in the region. The controlling factors for wind speed lie much beyond the small area considered for the mining. Thus, the mining, crushing and conveyor activities are not likely to contribute to any variation in wind speed in the area. Humidity The relative humidity in the area is not likely to change because of the mining, crushing and conveyor activities, as it will not cause any changes in the prevailing temperatures and rainfall of the region.

Drainage The mining, crushing and conveyor activities is carried out on top of the hill and there are no perennial and seasonal nallahs are found in and around the corridor areas. The garland drains are being maintained around the waste dumps, to control the rain wash-off. The rainwater collected on hilltop is properly guided to the rainwater harvesting pond constructed at the mine lease area. There is no possibility of encountering the ground water aquifers since the project activities will be done on the hilltop. Hence, there will not be any impact on the drainage pattern.

4.2 Impact on Air Quality

Details of Mathematical Modeling For prediction of maximum Ground Level Concentrations (GLC’s), the air dispersion modeling software (AERMOD version 7.1.0) was used. AERMOD is steady state advanced Gaussian plume model that simulates air quality and deposition fields up to 50 km radius. AERMOD is approved by USEPA and is widely used software. It is an advanced version of Industrial Source Complex (ISCST3) model, utilizes similar input and output structure to ISCST3 sharing many of the same features, as well as offering additional features. The model is applicable to rural and urban areas, flat and complex terrain, surface and elevated releases and multiple sources including point, area, flare, line and volume sources. Dispersion modeling using AERMOD requires hourly meteorological data. Site specific data is used for executing modeling studies. The site specific meteorological data is processed using AERMET processor Model Input Data The air pollution impact depends on the intensity of crusher operations, mode of transport and mode of screening of ore. The intensity of operation is directly related to the rate of production of ore from mining.



Particulate matter will be envisaged during the crushing activity. Transportation of ore is being proposed to transport through closed conveyer without any transfer points. Air quality modeling has been conducted to estimate the impact of crusher activity. The emissions will be mainly Particulate Matter (PM). Model runs were done for PM10 impact. Table-4.1 presents input values of emission factors used in the modeling. The emission factor arrived for the worst case i.e. without control measures.

TABLE-4.1 EMISSION FACTOR FOR CRUSHER OPERATION

Sr. No. Activities / Operations Emission Factors Units

1 Crusher 0.0009 kg/T

Source: EPA-AP 42 Meteorological Data The hourly meteorological data recorded at site is converted to the mean hourly meteorological data as specified by CPCB and the same has been used in the model. Hourly mixing heights are taken from the “Atlas of hourly mixing height and assimilative capacity atmosphere in India” by India Meteorological Department New Delhi has been used. The meteorological data of the winter season is used for modelling.

Presentation of Results for Incremental Ground Level Concentrations The maximum GLC is recorded as 1.14 g/m3 at crusher zone. The predicted ground level concentration isopleths for PM10 during monsoon season is given in Figure-4.1. The impact due to crusher activity was found to be minimal at receptor locations.



FIGURE-4.1 GLC’s ISOPLETHS FOR PM



4.3 Impact on Water Resources and Quality 4.3.1 Impact on Water Resources

The total water requirement for mining operation will be 700 m3/day, out of 585 m3/day will be raw water and 115 m3/day will be filtered water. The water requirement is being met from the Jholaguda natural stream. The water collected in the mine sumps will also be used during summer / non-monsoon seasons. No ground water aquifers will be encountered during mining. Hence, the impact on the ground water resources is not envisaged.

4.3.2 Impact on Surface Water Quality

The open cast mining and crusher operations may cause surface water pollution due to:

Wash off from dumps (reject dump, sub grade dump); and Soil erosion (from mine and roads).

As the area lies on top of the hill and the rainfall is good in the region, adverse impact due to the above factors is anticipated. Proper control measures are essential to prevent the flow of suspended matter from the mine dump. Adequate care will be taken to arrest surface run-off during rainy season. A retaining wall will be provided all around the dump at the base of the dump. A garland drain will be provided adjacent to the retaining wall all around the dump to collect runoff and guide it to the sedimentation basin (sump). The run-off water collected will percolate into the ground thereby recharging the ground water. The dump will be planted with suitable species of local grass to arrest soil erosion.

4.3.3 Impact on Ground Water Quality

Ground water pollution can take place only if dump contains chemical substances, which will get leached by precipitation of water and percolate to the ground water table. Any nearby wells or other sources of water can be rendered unfit for drinking as well as industrial use. This is not the case with the Panchpatmali mines as it does not contain any harmful ingredients, which could leach down to water table.

4.4 Impact on Noise Levels

The noise survey was carried out to determine the prevailing ambient noise levels in the study area and in the vicinity of crusher, conveying and other associated facilities and mining activities. The scope of the noise study covers the predicted noise levels due to existing and proposed conveyor installation and to project the noise impact and recommend engineering control measures to minimize the noise impact on the surrounding environment.

4.4.1 Noise & Propagation Sound is a wave motion, which occurs when a sound source sets the nearest particles of air in motion. The movement gradually spreads to air particles further



away from the source. Sound propagates in air with a speed of approximately 340 m/s. The sound pressure level in free field conditions is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the sound source. Expressed logarithmically as decibels. It the sound is uniform and linear then the increase is only 3 dBA per doubling of distance. Air absorption is important over large distance at high frequencies and it depends on the humidity. Sound propagation is affected by wind gradient rather that the wind itself. The profile of the ground causes such a gradient. The sound may be propagated during upwind conditions upwards to create a sound shadow. A downwind refracts the sound towards the ground producing a slight increase in sound level over calm isothermal conditions. The velocity of sound is inversely proportional to the temperature therefore a temperature gradient produces a velocity gradient and refraction of the sound. Temperature decreases with height and the sound is refracted upwards. For a source and receiver close to the ground quite large attenuation can be obtained at certain frequencies over absorbing surfaces. This attenuation is caused by a change in phase when the reflected strikes the absorbing ground and destructive interfaces of the wave with the direct wave. The reduction in the sound trends to be concentrated between 250 Hz and 600 Hz. The main objective of the noise survey is to assess and evaluate the noise impact due to the proposal – a new over land conveyor system of capacity 1800 tonner per hour (TPH) for transportation of crushed bauxite from south block to Alumina Refinery. Proposed conveyor will be routed through the existing conveyor corridor, within the land area under possession by NALCO. Besides above, there are certain changes in equipment sizing, which shall be deployed for mining operation. These operations are considered for assessment. The particulars of the cable conveyor are given below in Table-4.2.

TABLE-4.2

DETAILS OF CABLE CONVEYOR

Sr. No Description Particulars

1 Length of the conveyor 11 km

2 Height of the conveyor Varying length as per the topography (2 m to 15 m)

3 Type of conveyor Overland cable belt conveyor

4 Distance and height from the power sources

2 m – 10 m

5 No. of conveyor movements per day 16-18 hours

6 Quantity of material handled 3.15 MTPA

7 Distance between the new and old conveyor

50 m

Conveyor belt shown below in Figure-

Impact due to crushing, conveying and other associated facilities and mining

operations:



Mathematical Model for Sound Wave Propagation During Operation

For an approximate estimation of dispersion of noise in the ambient from the source point, a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation is used. The sound pressure level generated by noise sources decreases with increasing distance from the source due to wave divergence. An additional decrease in sound pressure level with distance from the source is expected due to atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path.

For hemi-spherical sound wave propagation through homogenous loss free medium, one can estimate noise levels at various locations, due to different sources using model based on first principles, as per the following equation: Lp2 = Lp1 - 20 Log (r2/r1) …(1) Where Lp2 and Lp1 Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs) at points located at distances r2

and r1 the source. The combined effect of all the sources then can be determined at various locations by logarithmic addition. As a first approximation, one can assume that for all general population in the villages, every noise source in the mine is a point source. The average equivalent sound power level of such a point source can be estimated for different distances and directions from a hypothetical source by applying the following equation:

LP = LW - 20 Logr-Ae -8 …(2)

Where Lw is the sound power level of the source, Lp is the sound pressure level at a distance ‘r' and Ae is environmental attenuation factor. A combined noise level Lp(total) of all the sources at a particular place is given by:

L p

p

(total) = 10 Log [ 10(Lp1/10) + 10(Lp2/10) +.....] ..(3)

Based on the above equations, a user friendly noise model has been developed. The details of the model are as follows:

Maximum of sources is limited to 200; Noise levels can be predicted at any distance specified from the source; Model is designed to take undulated topography or flat terrain; Co-ordinates of the sources are to be defined in cartesian co-ordinate system

and have to be in meters; Maximum and minimum levels are calculated by the model; Output of the model in the form of isopleths; There is no restriction on contour interval; There is no restriction on the size of the grid size; and Environmental attenuation factors and machine corrections have not been

incorporated in the model, but the corrections are made for the measured Leq levels at sources.



Input to the Model Major noise sources as cumulative noise source has been identified. The possible noise generating capacity of various machinery has been taken from IBM manual on noise equipment. From the noise sources of the proposed mine, co-ordinates have been defined. The prediction of incremental noise levels due to the operation of the crushing unit, conveying and other associated facilities and mining operations has been considered during execution of mathematical model. For a typical conventional belt conveyor the sound pressure level range from 113 dBA to 119 dBA per 100 m with a velocity of 5 m/s. The same range has been considered for model execution as worst case condition. An attempt has been made to predict the noise levels at the boundary of the mining site. The input to the model has been taken as the cumulative noise of 12 noise-generating sources. In case of conveyor each section was divided (by conveyor hangers) into 11 segments.

4.4.2 Presentation of Results: The predicted incremental noise levels and resultant noise additions are given in Table-

TABLE-4.3 PREDICTED INCREMENTAL NOISE LEVELS

WORST CASE- WITHOUT CONTROL MEASURES

Noise Location

Baseline Noise Level

( Ldn dBA)

Predicted Noise Level (Ldn dBA)

Resultant (Ldn dBA)

N1 74.8 48.0 74.8

N2 71.6 50.0 71.6

N3 63.5 46.0 63.6

N4 69.5 44.0 69.5

N5 66.5 46.0 66.5

N6 75.6 44.0 75.6

N7 74.0 42.0 74.0

N8 76.0 46.0 76.0

The isopleths and the noise levels obtained by modelling are presented in Figure-4.2. It can be seen that noise levels get diffused rapidly with distance. The noise levels will be constant and continuous noise levels during day and night period due to the operation of conveyor belt. The resulting noise from the cumulative sources is computed as 62 dB (A) at 100 m. The predicted noise levels (output of modelling studies) indicate that the noise contours of 26 dB (A) to 62 dB (A) occurs at about 100 m from the source. In summary, it can be stated that only the noise impact due to mining on working environment is relatively significant. Engineering control measure and topography can have an influence on how the noise level is perceived by the receptor.



-15000.00 -10000.00 -5000.00 0.00 5000.00 10000.00 15000.00-15000.00

-10000.00

-5000.00

0.00

5000.00

10000.00

15000.00

22.00

24.00

26.00

28.00

30.00

32.00

34.00

36.00

38.00

40.00

42.00

44.00

46.00

48.00

50.00

52.00

54.00

56.00

58.00

60.00

62.00

FIGURE-4.2

NOISE CONTOURS



4.4.3 Impact on Community The effect of noise (with the exception of long during, high level noise) on humans is limited to disturbance and/or annoyance and the accompanying emotional reaction. This reaction is very difficult to predict and is influenced by the emotional state of the complainant, his attitude towards the noisemaker, the time of the day and night and the day of the week.

4.4.4 Recommendations

The noise impact on the environment and the people residing in the vicinity of the mine will have to be pro-actively managed during the construction and operational phases. The residents will have to be informed of the anticipated shift in the prevailing ambient noise levels which will be temporary during the construction phase and more permanent during the operational phase. The following three primary variables should be considered designing acoustic screening measures for the control of noise: The source- reduction of noise at source; The transmission path – reduction of noise between the source and the

receiver; and The receiver-reduction of the noise at the receiver (to control at the source).

4.5 Impact on Socio - Economic Aspects

It is obvious to assume that the activities of the proposed project will produce some improvements in the socio-economic levels of the study area. The anticipated impact of this project on various aspects is described in the following sections.

4.5.1 Impact on Human Settlement

Some of the villages near the proposed project have been benefited directly or indirectly by the project. There have been improvements in infrastructure facilities. Rehabilitation of settlements are not involved under this project.

4.5.2 Impact on Social Status

46.48% of the study area is inhabited by tribal population. Due to the Government's policy of giving more opportunities in employment to the weaker sections, population of the study area is benefited.

4.5.3 Impact on Literacy and Educational Facilities The literacy rate of the study area is 55.16%, which is very poor. The literacy level of the project area is likely to increase as there will be many educated people taking up jobs in the mining area, which will result in the establishment of educational facilities. Better literacy rates are possible due to assumed better economic conditions of the people. Better literacy means better social status and thereby improved life style. This will be a positive impact on the mining area.



4.5.4 Impact on Civic Amenities

The impact of proposed project on the civic amenities has been substantial after the commencement of mining activities. As per the census 2011, the area lacks good network of roads, educational facilities, post and telegraph facilities, and health care facilities.

4.5.5 Impact on Health Care Facilities

The proposed project activities may involve accidents during operation phase. Thus, it is imperative to have proper health care facilities near the mining and crusher area. Improved health care facilities are expected to come-up in the area for catering to the health needs of the miners. The improved health care facilities will improve the quality of life in the area.

4.5.6 Impact on Economic Aspects

The impact of proposed project on the economic aspects can be clearly observed. The mining activities will provide employment to persons of different skills and trades. The local population is likely to be the largest plausibility among these employees. The local tribal people who are currently depending on forest and agriculture will have new avenue from the proposed project. The employment potential will ameliorate economic conditions of these families directly and provide employment to many other families indirectly who are involved in business and service oriented activities. This in turn will improve the socio-economic conditions of the area.

4.6 Impacts on Flora and Fauna

Bauxite ore is often confined to the top of different chains of plateaus located between 1,100 to 1,300 MSL. These out crops are relatively barren and harbors’ no major flora and fauna. The impact in and around the core zone area is currently is due to conveyor belt corridor, which is fragmenting the landscape, which is fragmenting the landscape. However, since there is no major fauna, there is no impediment to their movement. However, the operation of conveyor involves some noise and spillage of Bauxite dust on the ground, which may hamper the growth of herbs and shrubs.

4.6.1 Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation can cause various problems for wild animals such as loss of regular movement paths, obstruction in access to resources, breaks in migration routes, and isolation of populations. The mining project will cause habitat fragmentation to a little extent. However, as there is no major fauna and will not impede the movement of fauna. The subsequent process of restoration will also ameliorate the habitat fragmentation problem as new patches would develop over the mined areas.

4.6.2 Impacts on Wild life

As bauxite deposits are on hill top plateau, where there is poor vegetation due to low soil thickness. However this mine is not in close proximity to any Wildlife



Sanctuaries, notified Wetland, National Park’s or any protected area in the study area.

4.6.3 Impacts on Aquatic environment

The hill plateau has no streams and nalas, except the run-off of rain water channels during monsoon. All the surface water bodies are found in valleys and plains. The streams are tributaries of River Muran flowing on the western side of the deposit and tributaries of Nagavalli were flowing towards the east. Check dams, garland drains, retaining walls all around waste dumps have been provided to arrest the suspended solids generated due to soil erosion and from waste dumps. Further due to the planation proposed on the overburdens, there will be reduction in soil erosion. Hence, no impact is envisaged from the proposed mining operations on aquatic bodies around the proposed mine area.

4.6.4 Impacts on Forest Blocks

There are 7 forest blocks namely which are situated at Burha Panasa P.F/4.6 km- E, Kotraghati P.F/5.9 km-N, Hatimali RF/ 6.1 km-NNW, Pindamali P.F/6.1 km-E, Jhankarapabili P.F/8.8 km-NNE, Baghamundi R.F/9.5 km-N and Samana P.F/9.5 km-E in the 10 km radius of buffer zone. The predicted /incremental ground level concentrations will have minimum effect on the reserve forest and protected forests in the buffer zone of 10 km study area. Due to massive afforestation efforts and appropriate choosing of species as which are in the listed amended by the Central Pollution Board’s recommended as greenbelt species to attenuate the impacts of pollution and to act as noise barrier and for the dust stabilization.



5.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the region, hence it needs to be an all-encompassing plan for which the mine authorities, Government, Regulating agencies like Pollution Control Board (PCB), Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM), etc. working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the area need to extend their co-operation and contribution. Environment management is being headed by the head of the Health Safety and Environment (HSE) and is reporting to CEO, Nalco. The cell constitutes of environmental engineer, scientists, monitoring team and supervisor. The organizational structure of environment management is presented in Figure-5.1. The environmental engineer will be responsible for environment management activities in the mine. As conscious of this, NALCO will create a department consisting of officers from various disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with the management and implementation of the environmental control measures. Basically, this department will supervise the monitoring of environmental pollution levels viz. ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level either departmentally or by appointing external agencies. In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the allowable limits, the Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will suggest remedial action and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned authorities.



FIGURE-5.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT



5.1 Air Pollution Management The transportation scheme totally avoids transfer points and takes a route along the slope of the hills, having high supporting structures in valley and open cot on hills. The conveyer system is provided with a hood all along to protect the bauxite is being transported from wind and rain. Thus avoiding spillage/raising of dust cloud.

5.1.1 Sources of Air pollution

The sources of air pollution arising from the proposed installation of crushing, conveying & other associated facilities and mining equipment / machineries for production of 3.15 MTPA Bauxite ore from south block mining lease of Panchpatmali bauxite mine at Damanjodi village, Koraput District, Odisha are fugitive entrainment dust at crusher machinery units while loading and crushing the mine stones, and transfer points of conveyer system. Air pollution caused by mine crushing and transportation through conveyer belts and other associated activates can be the particulate matter.

5.1.2 Mitigation Measures

Wet drilling shall be adopted by water injection and control blasting will be done to minimize fugitive dust emission in air.

The air borne dust arising during movement of dumpers, dozers, trucks on haul road will be suppressed by sprinkling water on the road surfaces and tyre washing of the trucks/ dumpers etc. at regular interval of time.

Mineral sizing plant, which will be housed in a separate building will be

provided with Dry Fog (DF) system for control of FD emission. All the conveyor carrying the sized materials will be of covered type. The

conveyor transfer points will be provided with DF system to minimize the air pollution. The sized products will be stored in a covered bin or silo with air tight discharge chute

5.2 Water Pollution Management

The source of water pollution in installation of crushing, conveying & other associated facilities and mining equipment / machineries are nil. There will not be any interference with surface and ground water table through erection and further commissioning of the conveyer system and crushing unit. The main source of water pollution in open cast mining is the surface run-off due to rainfall. There is no mine discharge during dry weather seasons as the mining will be on the top of the hill. There may be mine discharge during monsoon season, which contains fine silt. There will not be any interference with the ground water table throughout the mine life. Another source of pollution is sanitary wastewater from mine office toilets, which are treated in the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and used for greenbelt development and dust suppression in the mines.



5.2.1 Mitigation Measures The rain water collected in the mining area would be diverted to

sedimentation pits inside mined out area for settling of sediments. The water would percolate in to the ground thus recharging the ground water table.

Cleaning of mining machineries will generate some amount of wastewater containing oil and dirt. The quantity generated will not be a significant one and the discharge will be intermittent.

The oily wastewater from the repair shop will be collected in a concrete basin

with oil separation device. The oil free water will be reused for dust suppression.

The wastewater generated from canteen will be treated in a biological

treatment unit and after that, the treated water will be re-used for dust suppression.

5.3 Noise and Vibrations

Noise mainly take place while construction of the conveyer system and at the excess capacity of crushing process. Further while erection period the conveyer process is fully closed system, which does not have significant impact to the surrounding environment along the stretch of conveyer belt system.

There are noise sources from crushing and conveyer facility process viz. transfer points, movers of conveyers and crusher machinery operating noise.

5.3.1 Mitigation Measures for Noise Control

Mine will have various noise emitting activities/sources like drilling and

blasting operations, rotary equipment, crushing, etc. Mobile diesel powered machineries like bulldozers, front-end loaders, etc. will

have noise proof operator’s cabin. Providing silencers at the exhaust and control of diesel engine vibration will be

essential for controlling the noise. The administrative control is maintained in suitable rosters of mine workers

with the aim of not allowing any one to have noise exposure of 85 dB (A) continuously.

Personnel working in high noise prone area will be provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like earmuffs and earplugs.

5.3.2 Attenuation in Transmission path:

Dense belt of trees are developed as acoustic barriers;

Planting of bushy trees of rich canopy in and around the conveyer and crushing facility area to intercept noise transmission. A 50 m wide belt of tress of different heights is being used to act as noise attenuator in the mining areas. Trees of different heights are useful to act as noise attenuators in the mining areas.



5.3.3 Preventive measures in the work environment: Choosing suitable machinery and equipment;

Protective earmuffs and earplugs provided for those exposed to high noise

levels as per the statutory requirements;

The noise level exposure maintained within the prescribed limits of mine rules/bye-laws;

Blasting parameters are suitably set to restrict ground vibrations within safety

limits;

Provision of insulating caps and aids on the machinery has been made; Acoustically designed cabins for operators have been provided; Shock absorbing techniques are being adopted to reduce impact energy;

Efficient flow techniques for noise associated with high fluid

All the openings like covers, partitions are acoustically sealed; and

Effective equipment maintenance like periodic lubrication, replacement of

gears and deducting is being done. 5.3.4 Vibration Abatement

Ground vibrations are caused by blasting, crusher and conveyer operations, subsidence due to mining operations, deployment of mobile equipment, rock bursts and rock bumps. Blasting also generates air vibration waves. Vibration may cause structural damages, which depend on periodical acceleration due to vibration. Air blasts can damage structurally unsound buildings and cause window shattering. The vibrations by their mechanical effects act on existing rocks and subject them to tensile, compressive and shearing stresses, which spoil their mechanical characteristics with an immediate consequence. The vibrations are caused due to the permanent installation like crusher, screens, compressors, etc. traffic and blasting. Among all these, blasting is the major source of vibration. The ground vibration cause: Land instability: Distorts working faces of benches and downfalls of the

overburden dumps; Cracks in buildings which are present in the mine premises; and Psychological discomfort to human beings as well as to nearby fauna.

5.3.5 Control of Vibrations:

Proper maintenance of equipment to decrease the noise and vibration generated from these equipment’s while in operation



Conveyer system and crushing operations are performed strictly as per the guidelines specified under transport and export operation technologies;

Blasting are performed strictly as per the guidelines specified under blasting technology;

Controlled blasting using delay detonators is being used;

Overcharging of blast holes is being avoided;

Air over pressure is being controlled effectively by adequate stemming;

The charge per delay is being minimized and preferably more number of delays are being used per blasts;

Blasting operations are carried out only during day time as per mine safety guidelines;

A safe distance of about 500 m from center of blasting is being maintained;

During blasting, other activities in the immediate vicinity are being temporarily stopped; and

Drilling parameters like burden, depth, diameter and spacing are being properly designed to give proper blast;

The mesh ratio E/V shall always be more than unity E/V >1 (E = hole spacing, V = distance between rows);

Effective stemming of the explosives are done in the drill holes; and

The explosives have: o High velocity of detonation; o Density suited to it’s particular application; o Good fume characteristics; o Good water resistance; and o Good storage qualities and resistance to atmospheric pressures and

conditions.

5.4 Solid Waste Management

There is no solid waste that has been generated from the usage of closed conveyer systems and crusher unit. However, the construction wastes which will generate during the conveyer system erection period will be minimized with better design of construction plans and proper disposal techniques.

The overburden consists of top soil and ferruginous laterite. In the initial years of operation, the solid waste (OB) generated for development of mine faces shall be stacked in a designated place within ML area. The solid waste/OB materials shall be systematically used for back-filling of mined out area as generated from mining of bauxite ore. Later fresh raisings of overburden along with part of the



material stacked on ground will be used directly for backfilling of the mined out areas. Top soil will be spread over the backfilled/reclaimed area for growing trees and vegetation.

5.5 Land Reclamation Measures The land reclamation measures have to consider the following three main objectives:

To reduce the bad effects on the environment (drainage, erosion, topography,

aesthetics); To recover land for the beneficial use, as soon as possible; and To reclaim land, at least to the previous condition as it was before it’s

excavation. While preparing and implementing the reclamation plan the suggestions of DGMS, IBM, local bodies, environmentalists and experts in horticulture, agriculture and forestry have been taken into consideration.

5.5.1 Topography after Completion of Mining Operation

The natural topography of along the construction of conveyer line at the Panchpatmali area will be modified to some extent by the new conveyer construction facility and crushing operation facility. The land reclamation measures should aim at achieving the following:

Stable with time, without any risk of caving or fault; Adequate drainage; Resistant to erosion; Adaptation of this planned future land use (such detailed planning has to be

done during the preparation of mine plan and project formulation only); and Aesthetics.

The corresponding recommendations are explained in the following paragraphs related to aesthetics, stability, ground nature and reclamation.

5.5.2 Visual Impact - Aesthetics

Working faces during and after constructions stages, overburden dumps from the construction of conveyers system and crusher facilities must be more integrated with the local landscape to reduce psychological effects and aesthetics aspects. The following mitigation measures have to be considered: The location, shape, orientation of pit working faces, dumps and roads should

be designed with care;



Introduce afforested shields in order to close some unaesthetic angles of site; Progressive land reclamation, especially for dumps, along with mining

schedule; Tree plantations all along the hauling roads as well as green belts around

mine area should be done; and In order to prevent the emission of dust from the construction and

commission period of conveyer system, continuous water sprinkling should be carried out at transfer and loading points.

5.5.3 Ground Stability

The main purpose of the proposed mitigation measures is:

To improve land stability; To adopt methods of constriction and erection with good practices which can

take care of limitations of ground nature modifications; To prevent erosion and sedimentation; and To reclaim land.

The construction has to work with slope angles, as steeper as possible, for obvious economical reasons. But it has been noted that the steeper slope angles can cause ground rupture. The conveyer system should have optimal slope, which can ensure the stability during operations and modifications of working for conveyer. The appropriate bench stability is being implemented by following means:

Conducting geo-technical studies covering the various parameters of conveyer

and bench geometrics; By controlling ground vibrations; and Judicious management of underground and surface waters. Geotechnical studies covering various pit and bench geometrics

The maximum slope angle, which is possible for mining pit depends upon various factors:

Pit depth - working face height; Dip of ore body; Existing tectonics: folds, faults and joints; Ground nature: material behind the working face; Occurrence of water; Blasting process; Pit-edge concavity or convexity; The stability co-efficients of the pit flanks; and The various geometric parameters: height, width, slope of benches and

degree of compaction etc.



The various parameters of the pit and benches should be chosen based on the study results. The experience acquired by the mining companies, Research & Development results of Indian Bureau of Mines and Mining schools should also be used, wherever feasible.

5.6 Soil Erosion Management

During the construction period, one of the key issue is the soil erosion around the stretch of conveyer facility. The topsoil and surrounding trees and shrubs and phyto-ecosystem may effected, and these are to be carefully managed. Required area only disturbed by cutting trees instead of complete disruption of plants for the construction of conveyer facility. Soil erosion will be avoided mostly using the quality machinery area, and recreation of phyto-ecosystem will be done after construction of conveyer systems.

5.7 Mine Safety

Mine safety is a statutory requirement for all the mines. Workers’ safety will be of prime concern so as to avoid any injury or accident. Continuous updation of mine safety standards and practice will be followed to minimize the production loss. Explosives and accessories will be stored in an explosive magazine and records will be maintained as per the rules made under Indian Explosives Act, 1884, and under the act and under the regulations, rules, byelaws and orders made thereunder. Explosive vans will be used for transportation of explosive and accessories to the blasting site. Explosive storage, transport and blasting operation will be carried out by authorized statutory personnel in accordance with the prevailing rules and regulations pertaining to the same.

5.8 Greenbelt Development

Greenbelt shall be developed on external over-burden dump, vacant areas, around office buildings, garage, stores etc., along the side of the roads. Native species of vegetation are being chosen for the plantation in the mine lease area. The greenbelt will serve the following purposes: Compensate the loss of vegetation due to setting up of mine; Prevent the spread of fugitive dust generated due to mining and allied

activities; Attenuate noise generation by the mine; Reduce soil erosion; Help to stabilize the slope of external soil and over-burden dumps; and Increase green cover.

5.8.1 Plant Species for Greenbelt

The plantation species have been considered based on the following: Adapted to the geo-climatic conditions of the area; Mix of round, spreading, oblong and conical canopies; Different heights ranging from 4 m to 20 m; and Preferably evergreen trees.



The different species that have history of good survival and growth similar site conditions shall be planted. The suggested species for plantation are given in the Table-5.1.

TABLE-5.1

SUGGESTED SPECIES FOR PLANTATION

Sr.No

Tree Species Common Name Family Sowing/ Growth type/Other remarks

1 Alstonia scholaris Chattin, Devils tree/Saptaparni

Apocynaceae High growth rate, Drought resistant

2 Proposis cineraria Khejri tree/Shammi tree

Mimosaceae High growth rate

3 Azadirachta

indica

Limbo/Neem Meliaceae Direct Seedling, Drought Resistant

4 Annona

squamosa

Custard Apple, Sitaphal

Annonaceae Direct Seedling, High growth rate

5 Bauhinia

variegata

Kanchnar Caesalpinaceae Drought resistant, High growth rate

6 Artocarpus

heterophyllus

Jack Fruit Moraceae Direct Seedling, High growth rate

7 Diospyros

melanoxylon

Tendu Ebenaceae High growth rate

8 Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo Fabaceae High growth rate

9 Erythrina indica Pangri, Dadak Fabaceae High growth rate

10 Ficus

benghalensis

Bar, Bargad Moraceae High growth rate

11 Ficus religiosa Sacred Fig/ Banyan Moraceae High growth rate

12 Grevillea robusta Silver Oak Proteceae High growth rate

13 Pongamia

pinnata

Karanj Fabaceae High growth rate

14 Peltrophorum

pterocarpum

Copper pod/ Peltophorum

Fabaceae High growth rate

15 Syzgium cumni Jamun Myrtaceae High growth rate

5.8.2 Plantation for Arresting Dust Pollution

Tree, particularly having compact branching, closely arranged leaves, broad leaves of simple elliptical and hairy structure, shiny or waxy leaves and hairy twigs are efficient filters for dust. The species are suggested to arrest the dust pollution is given in Table-5.2.

TABLE-5.2 LIST OF SPECIES SUGGESTED TO CONTROL DUST POLLUTION

Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name

1 Alstonia scholaris Devils tree/ Saptaparni

2 Cassia fistula Amaltas

3 Bauhinia purpurea Purple Orchid Tree

4 Cassia siamea Yellow Cassia

5 Peltophorum ferrugineum Copper pod

6 Polyalthia longifolia False Ashoka, Ashoka tree of avenue plantations

7 Ficus religiosa Peepal

8 Butea monosperma Palash/ Flame of the forest




9 Tamarindus indica Imli/ Tamarind

10 Melia azadirach Persian Lilac

11 Azadirachta indica Neem

12 Terminalia arjuna Arjuna

5.8.3 Plantation to Absorb Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Emissions

It is found that 500 m2 greenery detoxifies the 70% of the SO2 from the atmosphere, which acts as pollutant. The plants are suggested for planation to absorb SO2 in the air is given in Table-5.3.

TABLE-5.3

LIST OF SPECIES SUGGESTED TO ABSORB SO2 POLLUTION



2 Mimusops elengi Bakul

3 Albizia lebbeck Indian Siris, East Indian Walnu

4 Ficus religiosa Peepal

5 Polyalthia longifolia False Ashoka, Ashoka tree of avenue plantations


7 Melia azadirach Persian Lilac/ Bakan Nimb


9 Terminalia arjuna Arjuna

5.8.4 Plantation to Reduce Noise Pollution

Trees having thick and fleshy leaves with petioles flexible and capacity to withstand vibration are suitable. Heavier branches and trunk of the trees also deflect or refract the sound waves. The density, height and width are critical factors in designing an adequate noise screen plantation. Combination of trees and shrubs together with suitable landforms and design appears to be the best system for combating noise pollution. In general, more than 65 % noise is produced from industry, which is unhealthy to living world. The following species are suggested to reduce noise pollution. The list of species are suggested to reduce noise pollution is given in Table-5.4.

TABLE-5.4 LIST OF SPECIES SUGGESTED TO REDUCE NOISE POLLUTION





4 Grevillea robusta Silver Oak

5 Tamarindus indica Imli/ Tamarind

6 Melia azadirach Persian Lilac/Bakan Nimb



5.8.5 Post Plantation Care

Immediately after planting the saplings, watering shall be done. Further watering will depend on the rainfall. In the dry seasons watering will be regularly done especially during April to June. Watering frequency of the young plants will be more frequent, manuring will be done using organic manure (farm yard manure etc.) Younger saplings will be surrounded with tree guards. Diseased and dead plants will be uprooted and destroyed and replaced by fresh saplings. Growth / health and survival rate of saplings will be regularly monitored and remedial actions will be undertaken as required.



6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme for environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environment. The objective of monitoring is:

To verify the result of the impact assessment study in particular with regard to

new developments; To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical; To check or assess the efficiency of the controlling measures; To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact

assessment study, do not become critical through the commissioning of new installations or through the modification in the operation of existing facilities;

To check assumption made with regard to the development and to detect deviations in order to initiate necessary measures; and

To establish a data base for future Impact Assessment Studies for new projects.

6.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures

The mitigation measures suggested in section-4.0 will be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to the operations of the proposed project. In order to facilitate easy implementation of mitigation measures, these are phased as per the priority implementation as given in Table-6.1.

TABLE-6.1 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Sr. No

Recommendations Time Requirement Schedule

1 Air pollution control measures

Before commissioning of respective units

Immediate

2 Water pollution control measures

Before commissioning of the mining activities

Immediate

3 Noise control measures Along with the commissioning of the mining activities

Immediate

4 Ecological preservation and reclamation

Stage-wise implementation Immediate &

Progressive

6.2 Monitoring and Reporting Procedure

The monitoring of various environmental parameters is necessary, which is a part and parcel of the environmental protection measures. Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficacy of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The post project monitoring programme will not only implement the mitigation measures but will also check the efficacy of the mitigation measures. The progress of the plantation programme and desilting of nallahs will also be monitored.



In the proposed project, environmental monitoring is being conducted through the CPCB authorized agency/ laboratory. A comprehensive monitoring program is suggested underneath and the following environmental attributes should be monitored. Air Pollution and Meteorological Aspects; Water and Wastewater Quality; Noise Levels; Soil Characteristics; and Ecological Preservation and Upgradation.

Location and frequency of monitoring as recommended in the Consent Conditions of Odisha State Pollution Control Board (OSPCB) has been considered in outlining the recommendation schedule as tabulated in Table-6.2.

TABLE-6.2

MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

Sr.No

Particulars Monitoring Frequency


Important Monitoring Parameters

1 Air Pollution and Meteorology

Air Quality

A Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Six Locations in and around the mine lease

Twice in a week

As per SPCB “CTE & CTO Conditions

PM10, PM2.5, SO2

,NOx and CO

B Fugitive dust sampling at work zone

Monthly once 24 hr continuously

Particulate Matter

Meteorology

a Meteorological data to be monitored at the mine site.

Daily Continuous Monitoring

Wind speed, direction, temperature, cloud cover, relative humidity and rainfall.

2 Water and Wastewater Quality

A Industrial/Domestic

1 Mine effluents (if any) during Monsoon

Once in a month

24 hr composite

As per EPA rules, 1989.

2 Treated effluents from ETP

Once in a 15 days

24 hr composite

As per EPA rules, 1989.

B Water quality in the study area

1) Ground Water 4 Samples

Once in a season

Grab

As per the parameters specified under IS:10500

2)

Surface Water 3 Samples

Once in a season

Grab

Parameters specified under IS:10500

3) Water flows in major Once in a Once time As per IS



Sr.No

Particulars Monitoring Frequency


Important Monitoring Parameters

streams near to Mine lease area or as per CPCB or SPCB guidelines

season specifications

4) Water level studies in well or bore wells or piezometers in/around mine lease area

Once in a season

One time Water levels and chemistry of water

3 Industrial Noise Levels

1 Near the blasting /drilling site

Once in a month

24 hr continuous with 1 hr interval

Noise level in dB(A)

2 Along the haul road for transportation

Once in a month

24 hr continuous with 1 hr interval

Noise level in dB(A)

Ambient Noise Levels

Six Locations in nearby villages

Once in six months

24 hr continuous with one hr interval

Noise levels in dB(A)

4 Soil Characteristics

1.

Six samples in mine lease and nearby villages

Pre- Monsoon

One Grab sample

Colour, textural class, grain size, distribution, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Bulk Density, Porosity, Infiltration rate, Moisture retention capacity, Wilting Co-efficient, Organic matter Na, N, K, PO4, SO4, SAR, Base Exchange Capacity, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe.

6.3 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures

It is proposed to invest about Rs. 65 Crores towards EMP. The details of investment for procuring the equipment for efficient control and monitoring of pollution along with annual recurring cost are given in Table-6.3.



TABLE-6.3 COST PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES

Sr. No. Particulars Proposed Cost (Rs. Crores)

Capital Recurring

1 Dust suppression 12 0.05

2 Water quality monitoring & management

5 0.15

3 Air quality and noise monitoring 9 0.1

4 Greenbelt / Plantation 7 0.1

5 Reclamation 20 0.4

6 Waste dump management 12 0.2

Total 65 1.0

6.4 Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational health and safety is very closely related to productivity and good employer-employee relationship. The main factors of occupational health in bauxite mine are fugitive dust and noise. Safety of employee during blasting operation and maintenance of mining equipment and handling of explosive materials are taken care of as per Mine Regulations, 1961. To avoid any adverse effects on the health of workers due to dust, heat, noise and vibration, sufficient measures have been proposed in the mining project. These include:

Relevant company health and safety policy and safety management systems; Relevant standard work procedures; Assessment of hazards in the field; Use of all types of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as sun

protection, sun and safety glasses and safety footwear; Safe use of hand and power tools; Safe practices around drill rigs and heavy equipment; Housekeeping and basic hygiene while camping; The need to carry or have access to potable water; Ensuring work plans and destinations are known by others; Advising companions of allergies, afflictions etc; Correct practices for manual handling of equipment; Hazards associated with petrol, diesel fuel, other flammables and chemicals; Fire prevention, firefighting and bush fires; Company policy on drug and alcohol usage; General communications with companions; Reporting safety incidents; Emergency procedures; Effective de-dusting system in the crusher house; Provision of wet drilling and dust collectors; Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking water,

fans, toilets etc.; Provision of personal protection devices to the workers; Rotation of workers exposed to noise premises; Closed control room in crusher house with proper ventilation; Dust suppression of haul road; and First-aid facilities in the mining area. Occupational Health Survey of the employees will be carried out at regular intervals.



7.0 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Mining and allied activities are associated with several potential hazards both to the employees and the public at large. A worker in a mine should be able to work under conditions that are adequately safe and healthy. At the same time the environmental conditions should be such as not to impair his working efficiency. The various safeguards to be taken to ensure the safety of the mine and that of employees are provided in the Mines Act, 1952.

7.1 Identification of Hazards There are various factors, which can cause disaster in the mines. These hazards are as follows: Blasting; Overburden; Heavy Machinery; and Explosives storage.

7.1.1 Blasting Most of the accidents from blasting occur due to the projectiles, as they may sometimes go even beyond the danger zone, mainly due to overcharging of the shot holes as a result of certain special features of the local ground. Flying rocks are encountered during initial and final blasting operations. Vibrations also lead to displacement of adjoining areas. Dust and noise are also problems commonly encountered during blasting operations.

7.1.2 Overburden The overburden dumps may cause landslides. High overburden dumps created at the quarry edge may cause sliding of the overburden dump or may cause failure of the pit slope due to excessive loading, thereby causing loss of life and property. Siltation of surface water may also cause run-off from overburden dumps.

7.1.3 Heavy Machinery Most of the accidents during transport of dumpers, trucks, proclains, ripper dozers and other heavy vehicles are often attributable to mechanical failures and human errors.

7.2 Disaster Management in Open-Cast Mines

7.2.1 Measures Suggested to Avoid Accidents due to Blasting

Shots shall not be fired except during the hours of day light or until adequate provision is made for artificial lighting and the holes charged on a particular day will be fired on the same day;

Shots, if fired after hours of daylight, should be muffled so that the flying

fragments from the blasting material do not project beyond a distance of 10 m from the place of blasting;



Adequate shelters or other protective structures will be provided to the workers at all times;

The shot fired shall give sufficient warning by effective signal over the entire

area falling within a radius of 500 m; Where any permanent building or structure is damaged within the danger

zone, the aggregate maximum change in all the holes fired at any particular time shall not exceed 2 kg. But, if blasting is done with at least half a second delay of the detonator, even a maximum charge of 2 kg can be used in each hole;

During the approach and progress of an electrical storm, adequate precaution

will be taken; No shot hole will be drilled in the overburden above the underground

galleries;

7.2.2 Measures to Prevent the Danger of Overburden A stone wall will be built around the toe of each active dump at a distance of

about 50 m from the toe;

To prevent the failure of overburden slopes, especially during the rainy season, the following precautions will be taken; 1. Proper terracing of the dump slopes, with a maximum bench height of 30

meters; and In flat areas where the dumping operations have come to an end, the slope angle should be flattened by about 5o lower than the angle of repose, which varies from site to site but not less than 25o.

Planting vegetation as early as possible over the overburden dump slopes; Provide drainage channels along the overburden dump toe for additional

protection, in such a way that a distance of 15 m should be maintained left between the overburden dump and the bench; and

If a mine is abandoned, the bench and overburden dump should be separated

from each other by digging a trench of 6 to 10 m width.

7.2.3 Measures to Prevent Accidents Due to Trucks and Dumpers All transportation within the main working area will be carried out under the

direct supervision and control of the management; The vehicles must be maintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at

least once a week by a competent person authorized for this purpose by the management;

Broad signs should be provided at each and every turning point specially for



the guidance of the drivers at night; To avoid dangers while reversing the trackless vehicles, especially at the

embankment and tripping points, all areas for reversing of lorries should, as far as possible, be made man free, and there should be a light and sound device to indicate reversing of trucks;

A statutory provision of the fence, constant education, training etc. will go a

long way in reducing the incidence of such accidents; and

All the vehicles should be provided with the reversing alarm.

7.3 Storage of Fuels and Explosive Materials

The quantities of storage of fuels and explosives are given below: ANFO: 10 T

Based on the study of accidents in chemical industry in India over a few decades, a specific legislation was enacted and enforced by the Government Of India (GOI) in 1989 in conjunction with Environment Protection Act, 1986, referred to as “GOI rules 1989”. These rules are for the purpose of identifying major hazardous installations applying certain criteria on toxic, flammable and explosive properties of chemicals. Besides, the criteria list of hazardous substances with their threshold quantities are provided in part II of schedule I of the rules. Schedule-II of the rules sets out the threshold quantities for isolated storage units.

Schedule-III gives a list of hazardous chemicals with their threshold quantities. In this schedule different chemicals are classified into different sub groups viz. Group 1 - Toxic substances, Group 2 - Toxic substances, Group 3 - Highly reactive substances, Group 4 - Explosive substances and Group 5 - Flammable substances. Schedule-IV of the rules indicates various operations, which are hazardous during production, processing or treatment of organic and inorganic chemicals. The storage of flammable and explosive materials used in mines to determine the Threshold quantities as notified GOI Rules 1989 and the applicable rules are identified.



8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

The main inhabitants of Koraput District are tribals, constituting 50.66 per cent of total population. The main Scheduled Tribes (ST’s) are Bondas, Kondhs, Koyas, Gond, Gadabas etc. The region in and around Panchpatmali area was characterized by low income and low employment opportunities. Consequently, facilities such as education, health, potable water, electric power and commercial opportunities were inadequate. Development in agriculture could not take place due to poor irrigation facilities and low knowledge of modern techniques. However, in the last 30 years the CSR activities of NALCO have facilitated direct and indirect means of livelihood. Subsequently, the purchasing power of people and the socio-economic status of the region have improved. Additionally, NALCO is disseminating their peripheral development fund towards various projects like development of community hall, supply of electricity, provision of medical facilities, drinking water, etc. in the neighboring tribal villages of Panchpatmali hill. NALCO is already certified under SA-8000 compliance. The social benefits envisaged from this mining project are as follows: Improvement in the socio-economic status of the region by generation of

direct and indirect employment opportunities (NALCO has a strong policy against child labour);

Development of ancillary small and medium industries, trade and commercial establishments and local entrepreneurship;

Improved purchasing power and living standards; Improved transport and communication facilities; Improved medical and educational facilities; Inflow of financial and material resources; Additional revenue, royalty and taxes for the State; and Increased land prices and rents in the peripheral areas. NALCO under their peripheral community development fund undertake continued and intensive measures for the local population. They aim at continued social commitment towards the local community. The organization carries out their social benefit plan for: Promotion of education with special emphasis on young women. Eradication of poverty by promoting livelihood and income generating

activities. Promotion of health and sanitation. Protection of environment, water and energy resources and sustainability. Building community infrastructure. Providing relief measures for redressal of calamities, disasters. Enhancing vocational skills. Reaching out to socially marginalized sections with special emphasis on

differently-abled persons in the society. Promoting cultural activities of local community.



NALCO, to facilitate their social responsibility, operates on a defined agenda and undertakes a participatory and inclusive approach. They consistently exceed the stipulated guidelines and requirement of Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) with regard to the funds spent on the CSR activities. Additionally, their social commitment measures extend beyond the ten (10) kms radius of the study area. It takes a long time to notice appreciable changes in socio-economic set up of any community. Nevertheless, the project proponent has set the process of development in motion in the region with better infrastructural facilities. With the proposed mining at the Panchpatmali South Block Mining Lease, the peripheral development fund will be enhanced and the development measures will be further augmented. The bauxite to be mined out from south block ML of Panchpatmali mines shall be fed to upcoming 5th stream alumina refinery plant. The proposed project will result in improvement of infrastructure as well as overall socio-economic development in the area. The people residing in the nearby areas will be benefited directly and or indirectly due to the proposed project of the south block.

8.1 Corporate Social Responsibility

NALCO carries out several programme under corporate social responsibility at its corporate level and at its level in association with several state government authorities. A common peripheral development group has been formed at site for mine and alumina refinery to monitor implementation of such works. The proposed renewal of bauxite mining lease area of the project will help in the development of social infrastructures/such as: Periodical medical camps are being held for the local villagers; and Improvement of infrastructure facilities in nearby villages for community

halls, schools and colleges, strengthening of roads, digging of tube wells, drainage, supply of electricity etc.

8.2 Employment

The total manpower requirement for the proposed project is estimated to be 234 people excluding contract labour required for auxiliary services like loading of materials, crusher operators, unloading of stores and miscellaneous materials and general cleaning work and security. Unskilled/semi-skilled labour for the plant will be drawn locally or from nearby places.

8.3 Anticipated/ Expected Impact on Socio- Economics

The proposed project is expected to create full time as well as part time job opportunities to the local population through direct and indirect employment.

The living conditions are expected to improve due to improvement in income levels.

The food security is ensured due to regular income and other welfare measures

Children, old aged and other vulnerable groups would get welfare services like, education, scholarships, nutrition and health



The improvement in education facilities would impact on overall literacy rate in the area.

The overall health environment is expected to improve due to health services, awareness programs and food security through improvement in livelihood.

It is expected that the marginalized communities like SCs and STs would be given priority in employment and other corporate social responsibility measures, which will reduce the socio- economic disparities.

The proponent is already committed to CSR activities through its group of companies. Already the existing CSR programs implement the following programs for the socio-economic development of surrounding villages near project.

8.3.1 CSR Activities

One of the 1st CPSE to have a CSR Policy since inception CSR policy compliant with schedule –VII (section 135) of Companies Act 2013

and DPE Guidelines. Allocation to CSR is 2 % of average PBT of last 3 years as per Companies Act,

2013. More than Rs. 294 crore spent towards CSR activities upto FY 2016-17. The actual CSR expenditure for FY 15-16 and FY 16-17 are Rs 27.17 cr & Rs

30.01 cr against CSR budget of Rs 26.24 crore and Rs 27.56 crore respectively. full-fledged Hospitals for employees & OPD facilities extended to people of

periphery villages 8 Mobile Health Units: Doctors and Para-medical staff hold camps everyday

and give free medicines to patients of peripheral villages. Initiated piped water supply to 13 villages in Angul (Cost Rs.10 crore) Schools in Nalco Townships giving access to more than 50% of non-NALCO

students & 5 Remedial Schools for drop-out Children Indradhanush: 755 poor & tribal children from Maoist-infested villages of

Koraput sponsored for free residential education in reputed schools. ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’: ‘NALCO ki Ladli’: Total 181 meritorious girl

students of BPL category benefitted till FY 2016-17 under the scheme.

Flagship Programmes

1. 13 projects taken-up for ICONIC shrine development of Lord Jagannath temple, Puri under PM’s Swachh Bharat Mission

2. Integrated Health Management System for periphery villages 3. 11 villages for Open Defecation Free 4. Construction of Secondary plus eye care centre to be completed by Mar’18. 5. Complete solar lighting in all 220 peripheral villages to be taken up in 17-18. 6. Centre of Excellence for Skill Development. 7. Training for 2000 youths in peripheral villages to enhance employability.

Under peripheral development activities, NALCO has undertaken constructional activities like construction and development of rural roads, culverts, bridges, construction and renovation of rural schools, development of primary health centre, digging of tube wells, open wells, water harvesting schemes, development of village ponds, garland drains, encouraging cultural activities & rural sports etc.



Nalco Foundation is operating 4 Mobile Health Units (MHUs) which provide free medicines and health check-up facilities for the peripheral villages. The MHUs operate 6 days a week covering all 163 periphery villages lying within 15 kms aerial radius of mines, providing service to around 7500 patients every month. In Damanjodi sector, NALCO has distributed water filters in 2100 rural households of 18 periphery villages to enable people to have safe drinking water and 2 family size medicated mosquito nets to each of the these 2100 households in the villages. With an aim to bring light to thousands of rural dwellers, Nalco Foundation has provided them high quality solar lanterns. With an aim to bring light to thousands of rural dwellers, Nalco Foundation has provided them high quality solar lanterns. NALCO has provided 20 nos of solar street lamps in the nearby Putraghati village. In 16 villages, educational kits comprising school bags and library books have been distributed. Recently under Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyaan, NALCO has constructed 172 Nos of toilets in local schools in Koraput district. Education of Local Children • To facilitate empowerment of the rural masses through access to quality

education, Nalco Foundation has collaborated with reputed educational institutions for providing residential education to the children of periphery villages.

• A total of 655 children were enrolled from the 18 periphery villages of Damanjodi for residential education at Bhubaneswar (Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences), Jeypore (KDF Model School) and Koraput (Bikash Vidyalaya).

• NALCO Foundation shall bear all the expenses for their study in these institutions till Class X/ Matriculation level.



Pindi Brick Making PHC at Mathalpur Open well

FIGURE-8.1(A) CSR PHOTOGRAPHS



Tubewell

Mobile Health Units (MHUs) Free Medical and Health

Check-up facilities

Water Filters Water Filters

FIGURE-8.1(B)

CSR PHOTOGRAPHS



Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyaan High Quality Solar Lanterns

Distribution of Seedlings to Villagers

FIGURE-8.1(C) CSR PHOTOGRAPHS



9.0 FINAL PROPOSAL The Mining Plan of Panchpatmali bauxite mine (South Block) of 528.262 ha was approved by IBM vide letter No. 314(3)/2009-MCCM (CZ)/MP-35 dated 24.05.2010, with projection of mining activities beyond 2019. The revised mining plan was approved by 8th August 2015. The Mining Project of Panchpatmali South Block is envisaged to cater the additional requirement of 3.15 MTPA bauxite for the Alumina Refinery at Damanjodi. NALCO has also got the Environmental Clearance (EC) vide MOEF Letter No. J-11015/78/2010-IA-II (M) dated 28th February 2011 for the production of 3.15 MTPA bauxite from the Mining Lease (ML) area of South Block, which will be operative from 2019-20. The present proposal is for amendment of EC issued by MoEF & CC for installation of new overland conveyor system for transportation of bauxite from South Block ML to Refinery Plant and change in mining equipment / machineries sizing for production of 3.15 MTPA bauxite. The earlier proposal (No. IA / OR / MIN / 31161 / 2015) for enhancement of bauxite production capacity from 3.15 MTPA to 3.655 MTPA, is hereby dropped because of limitation with the existing equipment capacity to handle higher specific consumption (3.0 to 3.2 T/T) in the existing streams and the improvement in specific consumption of bauxite from 3.20 to 3.15 tonne per tonne of Alumina in 5th Stream. Further, the following points are indicated herewith: There is no change in technology with respective to the earlier proposal for

which EC has been already been granted. There is no increase in production capacity over & above 3.15 MTPA, the

approved EC quantity There is no change in lease area with respective to the earlier proposal for

which EC has been already granted. The total area of 528.262 ha remains unchanged.

No additional land acquisition / alienation is involved. The proposed new overland conveyor shall be routed through the existing conveyor corridor (parallel to the existing overland conveyor), within the land area under possession of Nalco.

No R&R issues is involved.

It may be noted that the interlinked project i.e. 3rd phase expansion of Alumina Refinery Plant by addition of 5th stream of 1.0 MTPA capacity, has been accorded EC by MoEF & CC vide letter no. J-11011/65/2008-IA.II (I) dated 12/04/2017. The implementation period of this 5th stream refinery expansion project is estimated as 48 months from the date of obtaining all statutory clearances i.e. from 21/04/2017.

ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE-I

EXISTING EC OF SOUTH BLOCK

A I-1

ANNEXURE-I


A I-2

ANNEXURE-I


A I-3

ANNEXURE-I


A I-4

ANNEXURE-I


A I-5

ANNEXURE-I


A I-6

ANNEXURE-I


A I-7

ANNEXURE-I


A I-8

ANNEXURE-I


A I-9

ANNEXURE-II

EXISTING EC OF ALUMINIUM PLANT

AII-1

ANNEXURE-II


AII-2

ANNEXURE-II


AII-3

ANNEXURE-II


AII-4

ANNEXURE-II


AII-5

ANNEXURE-II


AII-6

ANNEXURE-II


AII-7

ANNEXURE-II


AII-8

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-1

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-2

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-3

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-4

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-5

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-6

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-7

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-8

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-9

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-10

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-11

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-12

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-13

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-14

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-15

ANNEXURE-III

CONVEYOR BELT

A III-16

ANNEXURE-IV

FOREST CLEARANCE – STAGE-II

AIV-1

ANNEXURE-IV


AIV-2

ANNEXURE-IV


AIV-3

ANNEXURE-V

APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENT STANDARDS

AV-1

ANNEXURE-V


AV-2

ANNEXURE-V


AV-3

ANNEXURE-V


AV-4

Ambient Noise Standards

Ambient standards with respect to noise have been notified by the Ministry of

Environment and Forests vide gazette notification dated 26th December 1989

(Amended on January, 2010), Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules,

2010. It is based on the A weighted equivalent noise level (Leq). The standards are

presented in the following Table.

ANNEXURE-V


AV-5

AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS

Area Code Category of Area Noise Levels dB(A) eq

Day time* Night Time

A Industrial Area 75 70

B Commercial Area 65 55

C Residential Area 55 45

D Silence Zone** 50 40 Note: - 1. Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.

2. Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.

3. Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 metres around hospitals,

educational institutions, courts, religious places or any other area which is declared as

such by the competent authority.

4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned

categories by the competent authority.

* dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale

A which is relatable to human hearing.

A “decibel” is a unit in which noise is measured. “A”,in dB(A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and

corresponds to frequency response characteristics of the human ear.

Leq: It is an energy mean of the noise level over a specified period.

Noise Standards for Occupational Exposure

Noise standards in the work environment are specified by Occupational Safety and

Health Administration (OSHA-USA) which are being enforced by Government of

India through model rules framed under Factories Act. These are given in below

Table.

STANDARDS FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

Total Time of Exposure per Day in Hours

(Continuous or Short term Exposure)

Sound Pressure Level in dB(A)

8 90

6 92

4 95

3 97

2 100

3/2 102

1 105

¾ 107

½ 110

¼ 115

Never >115

Note:

1. No exposure in excess of 115 dB(A) is to be permitted.

2. For any period of exposure falling in between any figure and the next higher or lower

figure as indicated in column (1), the permissible level is to be determined by

extrapolation on a proportionate scale.

ANNEXURE-VI

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LEVELS

Sr.No PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox Hg Bap NH3 Pb Ni As Benzene

Units µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

ng/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

I II III I II III

1 01-Jun-17 35.36 16.76 10.48 11.12 177 186 174 5.0 6.0 3.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

2 02-Jun-17 35.12 16.04 10 11.36 198 208 193 7.0 8.0 6.4 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

3 07-Jun-17 35.2 16.92 10.56 12.32 183 197 180 6.0 6.6 5.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

4 08-Jun-17 34.48 15.64 10.16 10 174 180 172 4.1 5.1 4.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

5 14-Jun-17 34.24 15.24 9.84 10.24 176 184 166 4.4 4.8 3.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

6 15-Jun-17 34.4 15.88 9.84 10 174 182 163 3.9 5.2 3.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

7 22-Jun-17 33.68 15.88 9.84 10 176 187 174 3.9 5.0 3.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

8 23-Jun-17 33.52 16.72 11.12 12.56 200 214 193 6.3 7.3 6.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

9 29-Jun-17 33.2 17.68 10.48 13.84 207 217 189 5.4 6.7 5.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10 30-Jun-17 32.4 16.16 10.88 10.88 203 213 191 5.9 6.8 5.4 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Min 32.4 15.2 9.8 10.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Max 35.4 17.7 11.1 13.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Avg 34.2 16.3 10.3 11.2 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

98th 35.3 17.5 11.1 13.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ-1 Panchpatmali main gate

163 3.6

217 8.0

188 5.4

DateCO O3

µg/m3

µg/m3

215 7.6

AVI-1

ANNEXURE-VI



Units µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

ng/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

I II III I II III

1 05-Jun-17 29.3 16.6 10.3 10.5 242 260 226 4.4 5.0 4.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

2 06-Jun-17 30.8 16.3 10.5 10.6 246 254 242 4.3 6.0 3.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

3 09-Jun-17 30.5 16.4 10.9 11.7 241 252 239 4.6 6.2 4.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

4 10-Jun-17 31.4 16.2 10.5 11.6 233 243 228 4.2 5.9 3.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

5 12-Jun-17 31.1 16.3 10.3 11.7 233 237 229 4.5 6.1 4.4 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

6 13-Jun-17 31.8 16.1 10.4 11.8 230 241 217 4.9 5.5 4.2 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

7 16-Jun-17 32.4 17 10.5 11.5 237 249 223 5.2 6.3 4.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

8 17-Jun-17 31.1 19 10.2 12 231 249 234 4.7 5.4 4.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

9 19-Jun-17 34.1 17.7 10.9 11.6 235 246 235 6.0 7.0 5.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10 20-Jun-17 34.2 18.3 11 12 233 253 219 6.3 6.8 5.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

11 27-Jun-17 33.7 18.1 10.3 11.1 242 255 229 4.9 5.6 4.2 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

12 28-Jun-17 32.9 17.2 10.5 11.9 246 259 246 5.3 6.9 5.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Min 29.3 16.1 10.2 10.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Max 34.2 19.0 11.0 12.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Avg 31.9 17.1 10.5 11.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

98th 34.2 18.8 11.0 12.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

217 3.8

260 7.0

239 5.2

DateCO O3

µg/m3

µg/m3

AAQ-2 Near Panchpatmali mines nursery

259 6.9

AVI-2

ANNEXURE-VI



Units µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

ng/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

I II III I II III

1 05-Jun-17 29.4 18.3 10.9 12.9 224 233 213 3.5 4.9 4.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

2 06-Jun-17 28.9 17.4 10.5 12.8 227 238 214 3.5 3.2 4.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

3 09-Jun-17 32.8 17.7 10.9 12.4 220 224 216 3.6 3.7 4.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

4 10-Jun-17 32.2 17.1 9.9 11.9 214 222 211 4.0 3.3 4.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

5 12-Jun-17 31.6 17.5 10.3 11.9 222 229 219 3.1 3.3 3.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

6 13-Jun-17 29.3 17.2 9.7 12.2 199 214 194 5.4 6.2 5.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

7 16-Jun-17 30 17.6 10.1 12.8 193 209 194 4.4 4.7 6.2 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

8 17-Jun-17 29 17.8 10.2 13.2 195 208 197 3.3 4.3 5.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

9 19-Jun-17 29.4 17.2 11.8 12.9 224 242 222 3.8 3.3 4.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10 20-Jun-17 29.3 16.6 11.8 13.5 234 249 212 3.7 3.4 4.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

11 27-Jun-17 28.5 17.4 9.8 12.6 190 202 193 4.7 4.4 5.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

12 28-Jun-17 28.3 17.1 11.3 11.6 200 213 194 3.7 4.5 4.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Min 28.3 16.6 9.7 11.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Max 32.8 18.3 11.8 13.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Avg 29.9 17.4 10.6 12.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

98th 32.7 18.2 11.8 13.4 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

190 3.1

249 6.2

214 4.2

DateCO O3

µg/m3

µg/m3

AAQ-3 Near helipad

244 6.2

AVI-3

ANNEXURE-VI



Units µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

ng/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

I II III I II III

1 01-Jun-17 29.6 17.1 13 15.2 238 255 235 5.9 5.8 4.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

2 02-Jun-17 30.1 17.5 12.6 15 224 240 230 6.3 5.9 4.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

3 07-Jun-17 33.3 17.6 13.4 14.3 231 241 236 5.9 5.9 4.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

4 08-Jun-17 32 17.9 12.8 14.8 245 259 220 6.5 5.1 4.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

5 14-Jun-17 32.3 18.8 13.6 14.6 221 240 228 6.3 5.8 5.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

6 15-Jun-17 30.1 17.3 11.7 14 222 235 210 4.5 5.0 3.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

7 22-Jun-17 29.7 16.6 11.9 13.7 209 223 199 5.5 5.1 4.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

8 23-Jun-17 29.5 17.6 11.2 14 205 223 208 3.9 3.3 3.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

9 29-Jun-17 28.6 16.8 13.1 15.6 240 259 245 6.0 5.2 5.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10 30-Jun-17 28.3 16.3 13.7 17 235 257 234 4.6 4.7 4.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Min 28.3 16.3 11.2 13.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Max 33.3 18.8 13.7 17.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Avg 30.4 17.4 12.7 14.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

98th 33.1 18.6 13.7 16.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

199 3.3

259 6.5

232 5.1

DateCO O3

µg/m3

µg/m3

AAQ4 Near security & labour shed

259 6.4

AVI-4

ANNEXURE-VI



Units µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

ng/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

I II III I II III

1 05-Jun-17 30.9 18.5 11.2 14.2 221 231 220 3.5 4.1 3.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

2 06-Jun-17 30.2 19.6 12.5 14.2 235 242 225 3.5 4.9 4.2 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

3 09-Jun-17 30 18.8 12.5 14.7 231 241 214 4.3 4.9 4.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

4 10-Jun-17 29.4 19.3 12.2 15 220 231 208 4.6 5.0 4.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

5 12-Jun-17 29.1 18.7 11.7 14 205 222 203 4.0 4.5 2.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

6 13-Jun-17 33 18.8 11.9 13.9 214 222 214 4.2 4.5 3.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

7 16-Jun-17 27.8 15.6 10.3 13 195 206 184 2.9 3.5 2.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

8 17-Jun-17 27.4 16 10.7 11.7 203 223 192 3.3 3.6 3.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

9 19-Jun-17 27.7 17.3 11.8 13.4 214 227 197 3.4 3.9 3.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10 20-Jun-17 27.3 16.6 11.1 13.2 201 216 190 3.5 4.0 3.4 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

11 27-Jun-17 28.9 16.2 11.3 12.8 213 227 197 3.5 3.7 3.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

12 28-Jun-17 26.6 16.9 9.7 12.6 206 219 195 3.4 3.6 3.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Min 26.6 15.6 9.7 11.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Max 33.0 19.6 12.5 15.0 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Avg 29.0 17.7 11.4 13.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

98th 32.5 19.5 12.5 14.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

184 2.8

242 5.0

214 3.7

DateCO O3

µg/m3

µg/m3

AAQ5 Near view point

241 4.9

AVI-5

ANNEXURE-VI



Units µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

ng/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

I II III I II III

1 01-Jun-17 31.3 16.9 9.6 12.1 226 249 213 4.1 5.3 3.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

2 02-Jun-17 33.2 18.3 10 12.3 214 243 220 4.6 4.8 3.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

3 07-Jun-17 31.4 18.6 9.7 11.9 214 232 226 3.6 4.2 3.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

4 08-Jun-17 32.5 17.7 9.5 13.7 232 252 212 3.2 4.1 3.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

5 14-Jun-17 30.9 18.3 10.6 12.7 217 235 213 4.4 4.8 4.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

6 15-Jun-17 31.6 19.4 9.9 12.3 212 230 220 4.7 5.4 4.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

7 22-Jun-17 30.7 18.7 10.6 13.1 242 254 238 5.0 5.5 3.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

8 23-Jun-17 32 18.5 10.2 12.8 238 253 229 4.3 5.1 3.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

9 29-Jun-17 33.8 18.3 11 13.6 221 234 219 4.3 4.8 3.2 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10 30-Jun-17 33.8 18.7 10.8 13.3 215 231 208 3.3 5.5 3.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Min 30.7 16.9 9.5 11.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Max 33.8 19.4 11.0 13.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Avg 32.1 18.3 10.2 12.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

98th 33.8 19.3 11.0 13.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

208 3.1

254 5.5

228 4.3

DateCO O3

µg/m3

µg/m3

AAQ6 Near conveyor belt

253 5.5

AVI-6

ANNEXURE-VI



Units µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

ng/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

I II III I II III

1 05-Jun-17 31.9 17.9 10.8 12.8 252 263 241 3.8 5.5 4.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

2 06-Jun-17 31.3 19 11.1 12 242 247 235 4.6 5.7 5.2 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

3 09-Jun-17 30.6 17.6 11.4 13.1 247 254 240 4.2 5.9 4.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

4 10-Jun-17 33.1 17.8 11.4 12.1 251 271 242 4.1 5.7 3.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

5 12-Jun-17 33.5 18.9 12.7 13.7 240 269 237 4.5 5.7 5.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

6 13-Jun-17 35.4 18.1 13.5 13.3 245 271 238 4.1 5.9 5.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

7 16-Jun-17 34.1 18.5 11.3 13.2 240 270 235 4.0 6.0 3.6 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

8 17-Jun-17 31.2 18.8 12.1 12.3 250 272 251 4.9 5.9 4.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

9 19-Jun-17 33.9 19.8 12.5 12.5 211 219 210 4.6 5.5 4.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10 20-Jun-17 34.8 17.6 12.8 12.8 213 225 210 4.9 5.2 4.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

11 27-Jun-17 33.6 18.8 11.6 11.5 246 266 234 4.2 5.3 4.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

12 28-Jun-17 32.2 17.8 11.1 14.5 244 265 243 5.0 5.8 3.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Min 30.6 17.6 10.8 11.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Max 35.4 19.8 13.5 14.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Avg 33.0 18.4 11.9 12.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

98th 35.3 19.6 13.3 14.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

3.6

272 6.0

244 4.9

DateCO O3

µg/m3

µg/m3

AAQ7 Near Putra Ghati check post

271 5.9

210

AVI-7

ANNEXURE-VI



Units µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

ng/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

µg/m3

I II III I II III

1 05-Jun-17 49.1 30.9 17.1 23.1 609 644 574 5.6 7.4 5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

2 06-Jun-17 49.7 31.3 16.2 20.2 620 648 611 6.9 8.7 5.3 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

3 09-Jun-17 54.7 35.2 19.4 21.3 643 657 629 6.1 8.4 5.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

4 10-Jun-17 56.1 31.8 18.5 22.2 603 658 617 7.5 10 6.7 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

5 12-Jun-17 60 30.7 18.8 20.6 620 681 637 6.8 8.6 5.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

6 13-Jun-17 58.7 35 18.3 21.9 660 681 637 7.5 8.5 5.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

7 16-Jun-17 56.4 30.9 19.2 22.6 628 678 617 7.2 9.2 5.2 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

8 17-Jun-17 55 31.3 18.5 21.9 645 682 653 6.8 8.9 6.8 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

9 19-Jun-17 58.8 34.3 19.4 22.9 637 675 620 6.3 8.5 6.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10 20-Jun-17 58.6 29.4 19.2 22.4 640 678 631 5.7 10.7 5.2 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

11 27-Jun-17 55.8 30 20.1 22.4 620 643 608 6.3 8.1 5.5 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

12 28-Jun-17 53.3 29.4 20.2 21.8 623 660 620 5.2 8.4 5.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Min 49.1 29.4 16.2 20.2 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Max 60.0 35.2 20.2 23.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Avg 55.5 31.7 18.7 21.9 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

98th 59.7 35.2 20.2 23.1 <0.001 <0.01 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001681 10.2

574 5.0

682 10.7

639 7.0

DateCO O3

µg/m3

µg/m3

AA8 Near Nalco plant gate

AVI-8

ANNEXURE-VII

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

A VII-1

1.0 Meteorology

The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the

standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS:8829) and India

Meteorological Department (IMD).

1.1 Methodology of Data Generation

The Central Monitoring Station (CMS) equipped with continuous monitoring

equipment was installed at site at a height of about 10 m above ground level to

record wind speed, direction, relative humidity and temperature. The

meteorological monitoring station was located in such a way that it is free from

any obstructions and as per the guidelines specified under IS:8829. Cloud cover

was recorded by visual observation. Rainfall was monitored by rain gauge.

The continuous recording meteorological instrument of Dynalab, Pune (Model

No.WDL1002) has been used for recording the met data. The sensitivity of the

equipment is as given below Table.

SENSITIVITY OF METEOROLOGY MONITORING STATION

Sr. No. Sensor Sensitivity

1 Wind speed Sensor ± 0.02 m/s

2 Wind direction Sensor ± 3 degrees

3 Temperature Sensor ± 0.2oC

Hourly maximum, minimum and average values of wind speed, direction and

temperature were recorded continuously with continuous monitoring equipment. All

the sensors were connected to filter and then logged on to datalogger. The readings

were recorded in a memory module, which was attached to datalogger. The

memory module was downloaded in computer through Dynalab software. The

storage capacity of memory module was 256 KB. Data was downloaded every

fortnight into the computer. The data was recorded continuously. The recovery of

data was about 98%. The rest of 2 % data gaps were filled by referring to IMD data

and daily weather reports in the local newspapers. However, Relative Humidity and

Rainfall were recorded manually.

1.2 Ambient Air Quality

The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central

Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5184 and American Public Health Association

(APHA).

The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum detectable

level are given in below Table.

ANNEXURE-VII


A VII-2

TECHNIQUES USED FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Parameters Test Method

Low Detection Limit

(g/m3)

Particulate Matter, PM10 Respirable Dust Sampling /High Volume Sampling (Gravimetric)

5.0

Particulate Matter, PM2.5 FRM Method/Low Volume sampling (Gravimetric)

1.0

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Modified West and Gaeke Method 4.0

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Sodium Arsenite method 10.0

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Adsorption and extraction followed by GC-MS analysis

50

Ozone (O3) Spectrophotmetric method 2.0

Ammonia, NH3 Indo-phenol Blue Method 20.0

Benzene, C6H6 Adsorption and desorption followed by

GCMS analysis

GCMA – 0.001

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) Solvent Extraction followed by GC-MS GCMS – 0.01ng/m3

Arsenic (As) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling on EPM Filter paper

GFFA/ICP-MS-0.001

Nickel (Ni) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling on EPM Filter paper

GFFA/ICP-MS-0.001

Lead (Pb) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling on EPM Filter paper

GFFA/ICP-MS-0.001

Mercury (Hg) USEPA method- IO 3.2 0.001

1.3 Water Analysis

Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples

collected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for

bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-

chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the

existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like temperature,

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of sample collection.

The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed as

per the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in below Table.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP)

FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER SAMPLING

Parameter Sample Collect ion Sample

Size Storage/ Preservation

pH Grab sampling

Plastic /glass container

50 ml On site analysis

Electrical

Conductivity

Grab sampling


50 ml On site parameter

Total suspended

solids

Grab sampling


100 ml Refrigeration,

can be stored for 7 days

Total Dissolved

Solids

Grab sampling


100 ml Refrigeration,

can be stored for 7 days

BOD Grab sampling


500 ml Refrigeration, 48 hrs

Hardness Grab sampling


100 ml Add HNO3 to pH<2,

refrigeration; 6 months

Chlorides Grab sampling


50 ml Not required; 28 days

Sulphates Grab sampling


100 ml Refrigeration; 28 days

ANNEXURE-VII


A VII-3

Parameter Sample Collect ion Sample Size

Storage/ Preservation

Sodium, Potassium Plastic container 100 ml Not required; 6 months

Nitrates Plastic containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 48 hrs

Fluorides Plastic containers only 100 ml Not required; 28 days

Alkalinity Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 14 days

Ammonia Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Add H2SO4 to pH>2,

refrigeration, 28 days

Hexavalent

Chromium, Cr+6

Plastic/ Glass rinse with

1+1 HNO3

100 ml Grab sample;

refrigeration; 24 hrs

Heavy Metals (Hg,

Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn,

Pb etc.)

Plastic/ Glass rinse with

1+1 HNO3

500 ml Filter, add HNO3 to

pH>2; Grab sample; 6

months

Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By

APHA, AWWA, WEF 19th Edition, 1995

1.3.1 Analytical Techniques

The analytical techniques used for water and wastewater analysis is given in below

Table.

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER ANALYSIS

Parameter Method

pH APHA-4500-H+

Colour APHA-2120 C

Odour IS: 3025, Part-4

Temperature APHA-2550 B

Dissolved Oxygen APHA-4500 O

BOD APHA-5210 B

Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B

Turbidity APHA-2130 B

Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl-

Fluorides APHA-4500 F-

Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C

Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D

Total hardness APHA-2340 C

Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4-2

Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 As

Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca

Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg

Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na

Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K

Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn

Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg

Selenium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 Se

Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb

Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu

Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd

Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe

Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn

Boron APHA-4500 B

Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D

Alkalinity APHA-2320 B

ANNEXURE-VII


A VII-4

1.4 Soil Quality

At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30

cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with

IS: 2720 & Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American

Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized

samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples

were collected and analyzed once in each season.

The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for

physico-chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer.

The methodology adopted for each parameter is described in below Table.

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL ANALYSIS

Parameter Method (ASTM number)

Grain size distribution Sieve analysis (D 422 – 63)

Textural classification Chart developed by Public Roads Administration

Infiltration capacity Infiltrometer

Bulk density Sand replacement, core cutter

Porosity Void ratio

Sodium absorption ratio Flame colourimetric (D 1428-82)

PH pH meter (D 1293-84)

Electrical conductivity Conductivity meter (D 1125-82)

Nitrogen Kjeldahl distillation (D 3590-84)

Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, colourimetric (D 515-82)

Potassium Flame photometric (D 1428-82)

Copper AAS (D 1688-84)

Iron AAS (D 1068-84)

Zinc AAS (D 1691-84)

Boron Surcumin, colourimetric (D 3082-79)

Chlorides Argentometric (D 512-81 Rev 85)

Fluorides Fusion followed by distillation and estimation by

Ion selective electrod.

1.5 Noise Levels

1.5.1 Method of Monitoring

Noise level monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour

interval starting at 0030 hrs to 0030 hrs next day. The noise levels were monitored

on working days only and Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays were not

monitored. During each hour Leq were directly computed by the instrument based

on the sound pressure levels. Lday (Ld), Lnight (Ln) and Ldn values were computed

using corresponding hourly Leq of day and night respectively. Monitoring was

carried out at ‘A’ response and fast mode.

Parameters Measured During Monitoring

For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to

describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated

ANNEXURE-VII


A VII-5

using the percent of the time certain noise levels exceeds the time interval. The

notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels is described below:

Hourly Leq values have been computed by integrating sound level meter.

Lday: As per the CPCB guidelines the day time limit is between 07:00 hours to

22.00 hours as outlined in Ministry of Environment and Forest Notification S.O.

123 (E) dated 14/02/2000.

Lnight: As per the CPCB guidelines the night time limit is between 22:00 hours to

07.00 hours as outlined in Ministry of Environment and Forest Notification S.O.

123 (E) dated 14/02/2000.

A rating developed by Environmental Protection Agency, (US-EPA) for specification

of community noise from all the sources is the Day-Night Sound Level, (Ldn).

Ldn: It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during night time

period (10 PM to 07 AM) a 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the

instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average. This nighttime

penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night when people usually

sleep is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the daytime.

The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq’s, by the following equation.

24

]1010[

10

15

1

9

1

)10/10()10/(

i i

iLiL

dn

eqeq

LogL

ANNEXURE-VIII

DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS

Sl.No. Name of Village

No.of

House

Holds

Total

Populat

ion

Total

Male

Total

Female

Populat

ion

Below 6

Age

group

Male

Below 6

Agegro

up

Female

Below 6

Agegro

up

SC

Populat

ion

ST

Populat

ion

Total

Literate

s

Male

Literate

s

Female

Literate

s

Total

Worker

s

Main

Worker

s

Margina

l

Worker

s

Non

Worker

s

1 Ariputraghati 309 1250 630 620 207 120 87 26 277 643 390 253 491 248 243 759

2 Karadiguda 92 319 152 167 65 34 31 0 319 55 37 18 177 105 72 142

3 Bhejaput 284 966 461 505 140 70 70 60 866 203 160 43 601 64 537 365

4 Khagodora 83 347 166 181 62 30 32 8 339 93 57 36 150 79 71 197

5 Keragam 90 324 154 170 51 23 28 39 0 140 80 60 157 77 80 167

6 Dumuripadar 254 950 467 483 180 91 89 43 676 316 200 116 408 110 298 542

7 Lachuani 131 520 239 281 68 29 39 38 468 204 125 79 256 118 138 264

8 Kandhaputraghati 70 298 169 129 39 22 17 41 229 123 95 28 107 50 57 191

9 Amalabadi 1012 3907 1935 1972 585 302 283 495 1594 1912 1283 629 1080 910 170 2827

10 Kirajola 51 216 94 122 35 13 22 0 216 47 23 24 116 47 69 100

11 Ambagura 34 142 68 74 29 12 17 0 112 51 35 16 62 42 20 80

12 Mundagadati 35 169 78 91 45 20 25 0 169 60 43 17 121 113 8 48

13 Uparogarati 38 180 84 96 48 14 34 0 180 36 27 9 109 96 13 71

14 Talagarati 33 109 59 50 19 10 9 0 109 26 21 5 79 39 40 30

15 Tapapodar 51 200 100 100 21 11 10 1 198 17 12 5 134 93 41 66

16 Bhitaramarichamala 98 345 161 184 48 20 28 0 343 86 60 26 217 170 47 128

Sub Total 2665 10242 5017 5225 1642 821 821 751 6095 4012 2648 1364 4265 2361 1904 5977

17 Dudhari 560 2006 981 1025 347 184 163 96 663 680 464 216 1054 522 532 952

18 Marichamala 376 1380 675 705 229 104 125 102 333 662 423 239 526 465 61 854

19 Kurumuli (CT) 2240 8504 4372 4132 1276 652 624 1948 1425 5053 2997 2056 3424 3052 372 5080

20 Cholar 290 1083 546 537 174 84 90 31 683 327 244 83 577 379 198 506

21 Pendajam 72 304 156 148 47 22 25 2 266 118 83 35 182 182 0 122

22 Hatimunda 27 124 65 59 15 9 6 0 124 33 20 13 74 73 1 50

23 Janjanaguda 30 123 63 60 16 10 6 0 115 39 29 10 75 75 0 48

24 Palijodipodar 116 500 235 265 77 29 48 0 0 202 184 18 315 310 5 185

25 Damanjodi (CT) 2519 8862 4633 4229 965 512 453 1309 1194 7362 3972 3390 2974 2851 123 5888

26 Bijaghati 96 449 169 280 94 30 64 7 386 93 40 53 273 176 97 176

27 Jharipadar 150 621 304 317 103 53 50 31 590 224 129 95 289 232 57 332

28 Tuturi 39 166 82 84 32 18 14 13 152 59 35 24 108 47 61 58

29 Ichapur 58 214 113 101 50 27 23 5 209 39 27 12 118 54 64 96

30 Turli 76 324 157 167 35 20 15 0 324 182 85 97 210 95 115 114

31 Ambliambagura 72 284 138 146 40 20 20 0 284 121 77 44 161 82 79 123

32 Rangajori 17 69 36 33 10 6 4 0 69 37 19 18 43 22 21 26

33 Budapanosa 41 124 70 54 29 20 9 0 122 10 8 2 75 36 39 49

34 Bilaput 70 253 113 140 48 25 23 0 253 48 28 20 151 131 20 102

35 Girliput 85 306 151 155 57 33 24 1 294 77 59 18 157 116 41 149

0-3 km Koraput C.D block, Koraput district, Odisha

Narayanpatana C.D block, Koraput district, Odisha

Lakshmipur C.D block, Koraput district, Odisha




A VIII-1

ANNEXURE-VIII

DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS

Sl.No. Name of Village

No.of

House

Holds

Total

Populat

ion

Total

Male

Total

Female

Populat

ion

Below 6

Age

group

Male

Below 6

Agegro

up

Female

Below 6

Agegro

up

SC

Populat

ion

ST

Populat

ion

Total

Literate

s

Male

Literate

s

Female

Literate

s

Total

Worker

s

Main

Worker

s

Margina

l

Worker

s

Non

Worker

s

36 Lataput(Lamataput) 32 120 61 59 20 10 10 0 120 25 22 3 71 39 32 49

37 Kapsiput 142 554 276 278 100 57 43 5 549 100 90 10 201 186 15 353

38 Bhitaragada 166 754 301 453 146 64 82 59 309 240 74 166 356 127 229 398

39 Charada 430 1802 838 964 319 153 166 575 943 639 348 291 716 204 512 1086

40 Baraguda 110 398 204 194 78 43 35 72 115 50 40 10 229 59 170 169

41 Bari 185 631 318 313 124 69 55 216 381 116 80 36 422 23 399 209

42 Kankadaput 157 547 279 268 116 56 60 93 408 168 122 46 291 36 255 256

43 Dangayatput 52 172 84 88 25 13 12 54 3 65 44 21 105 45 60 67

44 Killar 271 940 450 490 159 78 81 0 422 430 272 158 464 149 315 476

Sub Total 8479 31614 15870 15744 4731 2401 2330 4619 10736 17199 10015 7184 13641 9768 3873 17973

45 Mania 327 1336 697 639 208 100 108 275 357 623 439 184 603 468 135 733

46 Sundhiput 286 1196 528 668 180 88 92 63 304 640 296 344 633 441 192 563

47 Putsil 105 384 177 207 63 32 31 9 356 123 88 35 229 227 2 155

48 Matiagumandi 197 845 419 426 151 74 77 0 0 249 160 89 387 185 202 458

49 Tankubeda 178 593 277 316 109 53 56 26 565 105 74 31 400 400 0 193

50 Barakutni(Barakutuni) 194 737 361 376 98 56 42 4 650 200 126 74 458 432 26 279

51 Rangapani 80 369 194 175 92 51 41 1 368 96 67 29 225 96 129 144

52 Kumurasil 160 684 359 325 125 78 47 57 540 247 157 90 356 13 343 328

53 Tanginipadar 74 381 194 187 97 63 34 0 374 41 23 18 208 0 208 173

54 Kamalapodar 94 424 196 228 96 50 46 0 422 59 40 19 216 0 216 208

55 Karodapai 33 143 63 80 20 9 11 0 142 22 13 9 84 25 59 59

56 Deobil 49 198 103 95 40 22 18 7 191 59 38 21 85 71 14 113

57 Chikalgumandi 58 239 122 117 41 20 21 0 224 61 46 15 140 62 78 99

58 Pichuri 73 291 141 150 64 33 31 2 288 46 32 14 166 81 85 125

59 Borisil 48 166 85 81 25 14 11 0 158 56 43 13 115 46 69 51

60 Bhitarapara 100 455 225 230 69 28 41 0 454 159 106 53 261 254 7 194

61 Maligudabadaneraka 364 1242 573 669 220 97 123 275 844 427 258 169 716 619 97 526

62 Sanneraka 113 423 216 207 61 37 24 36 282 129 88 41 233 69 164 190

63 Khajuriput 172 566 282 284 95 51 44 0 560 201 159 42 325 49 276 241

64 Ganaipadar 36 141 75 66 21 11 10 0 141 25 19 6 83 0 83 58

65 Sukriguda 48 164 78 86 36 22 14 0 159 56 36 20 83 23 60 81

66 Mundar 413 1426 702 724 222 110 112 207 631 622 379 243 838 236 602 588

67 Mujang 724 2537 1223 1314 459 221 238 341 1560 928 574 354 1364 801 563 1173

Sub Total 3926 14940 7290 7650 2592 1320 1272 1303 9570 5174 3261 1913 8208 4598 3610 6732

Grand Total 15070 56796 28177 28619 8965 4542 4423 6673 26401 26385 15924 10461 26114 16727 9387 30682

Source: Census of India 2011

Dasamanthapur C.D block, Koraput district, Odisha




Dasamanthapur C.D block, Koraput district, Odisha

A VIII-2

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