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Welcome to Gender and Society
Pamela Collins, MA
Becoming Gendered
The family is the lynchpin of gender, reproducing it form one generation to
the next.
Becoming Gendered
Self- as an Object• First- views are external
• Later- Internalize views of self• Internalize- only after experiencing
others
Becoming Gendered
Monitoring• Internal Dialogues• Monitoring selves
• Tell selves- what to do, look like and feel
• Use symbols to define self
Becoming Gendered
Gendering Communication in the Family:
• Unconscious processes• Social Learning and Cognitive
development
Becoming Gendered
Unconsciousness processes:Sigmund Freud
Anatomy is destinyLittle empirical support
Family are critical to forming gender identity
Becoming Gendered
Unconscious processes:• Age 3- male & female development
diverges• Boys identify less with mothers, more
with girls• Complicated by lack of men in lives
Becoming Gendered• Girls rewarded for interaction with
mothers• Mother seen as role model for
femininity• Boys rewarded for independence and
roaming
Becoming Gendered Unconscious processes
• Discussing gender, not sex• Not born to be connected not
independent• Masculine women and men value
independence and distance• Feminine men and women value
relationships and closeness
Becoming Gendered• Unconscious processes
• Ego Boundaries• Where self starts and the world
begins• Female boundaries are permeable• Male boundaries less permeable
Becoming GenderedValues of males & females
Gender stereotypesDifferent expectations & achievement
Different expectations for assertiveness
Encourage gender appropriate behaviors
Becoming Gendered• Parental communication & gender
• Mothers spend more time with children
• Mothers focus upon providing comfort, security
• Fathers talk more about previous generations
• Fathers encourage physical play• Mothers more likely to talk about sex
Becoming Gendered• Parental Communication
• Girls use both parents as role models• Boys rely more on fathers as role
models• Parents communicate gender
expectations through toys and games• Household toys
Becoming Gendered• Parental Modeling• Masculinity & femininity• Changing due to diversity in families• Women breadwinners• Fathers at home• Gay & lesbian families• Blended families
Becoming Gendered• Parental Modeling
• Gender & Physical appearance• Physical strength is masculine• Being thin is feminine
Becoming Gendered• Different contributions of fathers and
mothers
• Fathers help with agency• Mothers help with confidence with
relationships• Fathers play more, care takes less
Becoming Gendered• Growing up masculine
• Don’t be feminine• Be successful• Be aggressive• Be sexual• Be self reliant
Becoming Gendered• Growing up feminine
• Be sensitive and caring• Negative treatment by others• Be superwoman
Becoming Gendered• Growing up without specific gender
roles:• Gay men ostracized for being
perceived as feminine• Lesbians scorned for being
masculine• Transgenders and intersexed people
are isolated• Hard to find role models
Gender Roles• How did your parents and/or other
primary caregivers persuade or encourage you to follow gender roles? Was this “push” based in culture and/or generational views?
Gender roles• How was this accomplished in your
family? Do you believe that this has or will influence your own parenting style/skills if you become a parent?
Gender roles• How did your parents and/or other
primary caregiver respond to the statement "I want to be….(career choice)… when I grow up"? What avenues did they take to either support or negate your thoughts?