Welcome to NCM 110Nursing InformaticsPrepared by: ARNEL C. MAGHINAY, RN, PhD

Computer System2

Computer System

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Computer Hardware⬥ Defined as all of the physical components of a computer.⬥ A computer is a machine that uses electronic components

and instructions to the components to perform calculations, repetitive and complex procedures, process text, and manipulate data and signals.

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Computer Hardware

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Computer Hardware⬥ RAM

⬦ is a temporary storage area for program instructions and data that is being processed. It is only active when computer is on

⬥ ROM⬦ is permanent; it remains when power is off. Example:

start up instructions for computer.

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Computer Hardware⬥ CPU

⬦ brain of the computer⬥ Motherboard

⬦ main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.

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Computer Hardware⬥ Graphics Card

⬦ A video card (also called a graphics card, display card, graphics adapter, or display adapter) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display device (such as a computer monitor).

⬥ Sound Card⬦ An internal expansion card that provides input and

output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs.

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Computer Hardware

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Computer Hardware⬥ Hard disk

⬦ A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage and one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material.

⬥ Flash drive/Thumb drive⬦ A USB flash drive is a data storage device that includes

flash memory with an integrated USB interface. It is typically removable and rewritable 10

Computer Hardware⬥ Modem/Router

⬦ Modem is a box that connects your home network to the wider Internet. A router is a box that lets all of your wired and wireless devices use that Internet connection at once and also allows them to talk to one another without having to do so over the Internet.

⬥ Monitor⬦ A computer monitor is an output device that displays

information in pictorial form. 11

Computer Hardware⬥ Printer

⬦ A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the information to paper, usually to standard size sheets of paper. Printers vary in size, speed, sophistication, and cost. In general, more expensive printers are used for higher-resolution color printing. Personal computer printers can be distinguished as impact or non-impact printers.

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Impact Printer⬥ Early impact printers worked something like an automatic

typewriter, with a key striking an inked impression on paper for each printed character. The dot-matrix printer was a popular low-cost personal computer printer. It's an impact printer that strikes the paper a line at a time.

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Non-Impact Printer⬥ The best-known non-impact printers are the inkjet printer,

of which several makes of low-cost color printers are an example, and the laser printer. The inkjet sprays ink from an ink cartridge at very close range to the paper as it rolls by. The laser printer uses a laser beam reflected from a mirror to attract ink (called toner ) to selected paper areas as a sheet rolls over a drum.

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Input and Output⬥ Input Devices

⬦ These devices allow the computer to receive information from the outside world.

⬥ Output Devices⬦ These devices allow the computer to report its results

to the external world. Output devices are defined as any equipment that translates the computer information into something readable by people or other machines.

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Major Types of Computers⬥ Supercomputers⬥ Mainframes⬥ Microcomputers (Personal Computers or PCs)⬥ Handheld Computers/Personal Digital Assistants

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Major Types of Computers⬥ Supercomputers

⬦ The largest type of computer is the supercomputer. First developed by Seymour Cray in 1972, the early supercomputer research, development, and production were carried out by Cray Corporation or one of its affiliates (Cray Corp, 2014).

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Super Computers

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Major Types of Computers⬥ Mainframes

⬦ The mainframe computer is the most common fast, large, and expensive type of computer used in large businesses (including hospitals and other large healthcare facilities) for processing, storing, and retrieving data.

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Mainframe

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Major Types of Computers⬥ Microcomputers (Personal Computers or PCs)

⬦ Although mainframe computers provide critical service to the healthcare industry, much smaller computers are also an essential part of healthcare computing systems. Computers designed to support a single user are called microcomputers or personal computers (PCs). Much smaller and less powerful than a mainframe, PCs were designed to be used by one person at a time.

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Major Types of Computers

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Major Types of Computers⬥ Handheld Computers/Personal Digital Assistants

⬦ Handheld computers are small, special function computers, although a few “full function” handheld computers were introduced in the late 1990s. Even though of smaller size than the laptop and notebook microcomputers, some have claimed to have almost the same functionality and processing capabilities.

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Handheld Computers/Personal Digital Assistants

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Computer Software System⬥ Software is the general term applied to the instructions

that direct the computer’s hardware to perform work. ⬥ It is distinguished from hardware by its conceptual rather

than physical nature.

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Categories of Software⬥ There are three basic types of software: system software,

utility programs, and applications software. System software “boots up” (starts up and initializes) the computer system; controls input, output, and storage; and controls the operations of the application software.

⬥ Utility software consists of programs designed to support and optimize the functioning of the computer system itself.

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System Software⬥ System software consists of a variety of programs that

control the individual computer and make the user’s application programs work well with the hardware.

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Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)⬥ The first level of

system control is handled by the basic input/output system (BIOS) stored on a ROM chip on the motherboard.

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Operating System (OS)⬥ An OS is the overall

controller of the work of the computer.

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Utility Software⬥ Utility programs include programs designed to keep the

computer system operating efficiently.

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Utility Software1. Security software2. Disk management utilities3. Backup utilities4. Screen savers5. Archival Software6. Programming environment support programs

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Common Software Useful to Nurses⬥ In most hospitals, most software systems used by nurses

are based in a Hospital Information System (HIS).

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Free Software⬥ Free software is defined by the FSF in terms of four

freedoms for software users: to have the freedom to use, study, redistribute, and improve the software in any way they wish. A program is only free software, in terms of the FSF definition, if users have all of these freedoms

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Open Source Software⬥ Open source software is any software satisfying the open

software initiative’s definition

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Common OSS/FS Licenses

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OSS/FS Applications⬥ Operating system

⬦ Linux⬥ Web browser

⬦ Chrome, Firefox⬥ E-mail client

⬦ Thunderbird⬥ Word processing or integrated office suite/Presentation

tools⬦ Open Office 36

OSS/FS Healthcare Applications1. GNUMed2. OpenEHR3. OpenEMR4. OpenMRS

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End of Week 22