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Welcome to
Network+ Course
Why Certification?
IT Development
Universities ability
Employers and employees needs
Cisco CCIE Certificate
Certification Companies
Cisco ( CCNA, CCNP, CCIE, … )
Comptia (Network+, I-Net+, Server+, Linux+, Security+, e-Biz+, A+ )
Microsoft (MCP, MCSE, MCSD, ….)
Redhat Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT).
SUN Solaris
Network+CompTIA Network+ Certification
The CompTIA Network+ certification is the worldwide standard for professionals with at least nine months of experience in network support or administration.
A Network+ certification demonstrates your technical abilities in networking administration and support, and validates your knowledge of media and topologies, protocols and standards, network implementation, and network support. If you have nine months of network administration and support experience, Network+ is ideal for you.
Network+ and Your Career
Many corporations recommend or require the Network+ certification for their IT employees.
Main Goals for this course
A requisite for CCNA Course
Passing the Network+ Exam and get the certification
Representing a solid background of networking knowledge regarding Network+ standard course
Computer Network Concepts
What is a Computer Network ?
Two or more computers connected together, having the ability to use shared resources on each other.
Two computers that are connected with a Network Cable through their network cards are an example of a simple network.
Networking Concepts and Components
Something to share ( Data )
Physical Pathway ( Transmission medium )
Interfaces for communication ( Network Interface )
Rules of Communication ( Protocols )
Network Types ( 1 )
LAN ( Local Area Network ) A local area network (LAN) is a high-speed communications system that
interconnects computers and peripherals that are located within a single office, a single building, or adjacent buildings
WAN ( Wide Area Network ) A WAN (wide area network) is a geographically dispersed telecommunications
Network.
LAN & WAN
LAN (Local Area Networks) -Limited geographical distance
-High Speed
-Local Connectivity
WAN (Wide Area Networks) -Unlimited geographical area
-Lower Bandwidth
-InterConnectivity
-Third Party Management
Network Types ( 2 )
Network Topologies :
1 – Bus
2 – Star
3 – Ring
4 – Mesh (Full mesh Vs. Partial mesh)
Bus Topology
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Mesh Topology
Network Types ( 3 )
Models of Network Computing :
1 – Centralized Computing
2 – Distributed Computing
3 – Collaborative Computing
Centralized Computing
All processing takes place in the central mainframe computer
Terminals are connected to the central computer and function only as input/output devices
Terminals connect only to the mainframe, never to each other.
Distributed Computing
Multiple computers are capable of operating independently.
Tasks are completed locally on various computers
Networks enable the computers to exchange data and services but do not provide processing assistance
Collaborative Computing
Multiple computers cooperating to perform a task
A network that enables the computers to exchange data and services
Software designed to take advantage of the collaborative environment
Network Types ( 4 )
Network Models :
Peer to Peer A group of PCs that basically operates as equals. Each PC is called a
peer .
Server-based Consists of a group of PCs ( called clients ) that request and receive
network services form specialized computers called servers.
Network Types ( 5 )
Transmission Methods :
Circuit switching Dedicated path is created between two nodes
Packet switching Message is broken into small packets
Circuit Switching
1. A circuit is established, an end-to-end connection must exist to transfer data
2. The actual data transfer
3. After data transmitted, connection is terminated
Packet Switching
Message is broken into small packets.
Allows interactive exchanges because of small packets.
Combination of message and circuit switching
Uses messages that are all the same length (called packets)
Packets may be 128, 256, 512, or 1024 bits long
Network Terminology (1)
Host
Client
Server
Workstation
Peer
PC
Network Terminology (2)
Backbone A part of a network that all
segments and servers connect. (Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI, Thicknet)
Segment Any short section of the network
that is connected to the backbone
Network Terminology (3)
Half-duplex A bi-directional communication
but only one direction at a time, such as walkie-talkie
Full-duplex Allows communications in both
directions simultaneously.
Network Terminology (4)
Broadband Vs. Narrowband
Broadband refers to speed in excess of T1/E1 rates
Broadband Vs. Baseband
With baseband the whole bandwidth of the cable is used for each signal (channel), but in broadband the bandwidth is divided into descrete bands
Network Terminology (5)
Broadband -Allow Multiple communication
methods to share a common media.
Baseband -Use single communication
method.
Network Terminology (6)
Bit -bps (bits per second)
-Kbps (Kilo bits per second)
-Mbps (Mega bits per second)
-Gbps (Giga bits per second)
Byte
Octet
Network Terminology (7)
Speed
Bandwidth
Baud Rate
Through put
Network Terminology (7)
Reliability
Availability
Redundancy
Fault Tolerance
Common Network Medias
Coaxial
Twisted Pair
Fiber Optic
Coaxial Cable
Thin-net (10BASE2)
Thick-net (10BASE5)
BNC
T-Connector
F-type Connector
Twisted Pair Cable
RJ Connectors (Rj-45 and Rj-11)
UTP & STP
Cross talk reduction
Industry standard
Categorized standards
Cat1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5e, 6, 7
Fiber optic cable
Single-mode vs. multi-mode
Higher speeds
Longer distances
More expensive equipments
Fiber optic connectors
Straight tip (AT&T)
Subscriber connector
Small form factor connectors -MT-RJ
-LC
Fiber optic connectors
ST (Straight Tip) Connector
Fiber optic connectors
SC Connector
Fiber optic connectorsSmall Form Factor Connectors
MT-RJ LC
Fiber optic connectorsSmall Form Factor Connectors
Small Size
TX and RX stands in one connector
Easy to use
Other general connectors
Fire Wire connector (6 pin)
Fire Wire connector (4 pin)
IEEE 1394 or more commonly known as Fire Wire was developed by Apple.
Runs at 100, 200, 400 Mbps (800 Mbps in 1394b standard)
Other general connectors
Universal Serial BUS
Up to 16 USB ports on each motherboard could be exists
Up to 172 USB devices could be connected to a device with the help of USB hubs.
Basic Attributes of Cables
Cost
Usable Length
Transmission Rate
Flexibility
EMI
Unique Features
Preferred Installation
LAN Standards
10BASE-2 (Thinnet)
10BASE-5 (Thicknet)
10BASE-T
100BASE-TX
100BASE-VG-AnyLan
10BASE-2 (Thinnet)
Advantages:
- Easy to Install
- Expense
Disadvantages:
- Reliability
- Fault Tolerance
10BASE-5 (Thicknet)
Advantages:
- Easy to Install
- Long life
Disadvantages:
- Industry support
- Fault Tolerance
10BASE-T
Advantages:
- Industry Standard
- Cable expense
- Installation Expense
- Communication Support
Disadvantages:
- EMI
- Distance
Fiber Optic LANsAdvantages:
- Capacity
- Reliability
- EMI
- Distance
Disadvantages:
- Installation Cost
- Cable Cost
- Equipment Cost
RJ-45 Connectors
Removing Sheath
Separate and set colors
Snip the ends of wires
Slide the wires into RJ-45
User the Crimping tool
Colors Order:
-White/Orange
-Orange/White
-White/Green
-Blue/White
-White/Blue
-Green/White
-White/Brown
-Brown/White
LANs100BASE-AnyLan:
- Lower Cost Hubs
- Supports Token Ring frames
- Deterministic
100BASE-TX:
- Using current 10BASE-T
Structure
- Most Common Technology
Network Devices(1)NICs
Hubs
Repeaters
Bridges
LAN Switches
Routers
Transceivers
Modems
Gateways
NICs
NIC Types
NIC Installation
NIC Configurations
-Jumpers & DIP Switches
-IRQ
-Port Address
-DMA Channel
Diagnostic
Network Devices(2)
Bridges
-Transparent Bridge
-Source Route Bridge
Switching Hubs
(LAN Switches)
-802 Specifications
.2 .3 .5
-MAC Addresses
Major Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows NT (2000)
Novel Netware
Unix (Linux)
Microsoft Windows NT
Types (Workstation, Server)
Peer 2 Peer Vs. Server-based Networking
Clients ( MS-DOS, Win3x, Win9x, WinNT, Apple Macintosh, OS/2, UNIX)
Directory Service (PDC, BDC, Trusts)
- Single Domain Model
- Master Domain Model - Multiple Domain Model - Complete Domain Model
Novell NetWare
A Centralized Operating SystemClients (MS-DOS, Win3x, Win9x, WinNT, Apple Macintosh, OS/2)
Directory Service (Bindery, NDS)
NDS: Hierarchical, tree fashion (Object Database, Relationship Management, Authorization )
UNIX
The Granddad OS
Directory Service
Access Methods: - Connection-based (NFS)
- Session-based ( FTP, Telnet, …)
OSI Reference Model
OSI is The STANDARD of Standards
Why OSI Modem is needed.
-Modularity
-Flexibility
-Interoperability
Layers of the OSI Model
Application ==== Layer 7
Presentation ==== Layer 6
Session ==== Layer 5
Transport ==== Layer 4
Network ==== Layer 3
Data Link ==== Layer 2
Physical ==== Layer 1
Layers of the OSI Model
Application ==== Layer 7
Presentation ==== Layer 6
Session ==== Layer 5
Transport ==== Layer 4
Network ==== Layer 3
Data Link ==== Layer 2
Physical ==== Layer 1
OSI Concepts
EncapsulationPDUsPeer connectivityup/down transactionLayer conceptsLayer devices
Physical Layer
CablingPhysical TopologySignals/ModulationsNoiseEMI/RFIDevices
Data Link Layer
Logical Topology
Hardware Addresses
MAC & LLC
Devices
Media Access Methods
Media access methods
Contention -CSMA/CD
Polling -CSMA/CA
Token passing
802 Project
IEEE 802.2
IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.5
IEEE 802.11(page 102)
LAN Switching
Address Learning
Filtering/Forwarding
Loop Avoidance
Network Layer Concepts
Logical Network Addressing
Routing
IP Routing Concepts
Routable Protocols (113)
IP PacketsIP AddressingRouting TablesClassful RoutingClassless RoutingRouting Vs. Routed ProtocolsStatic Vs. Dynamic routing
Subnetting
CIDR
Subnetting
Supernetting
RoutingStatic
Created and Modified by Administrator
Dynamic RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
IGRP
EIGRP
OSPF
BGP
Routing Table
Interfaces/Next hop
Network IDs
Metric
Network Layer (Cont.)
Host/Router Routing Table
Layer 3 devies
Routable Vs. non Routable protocls
TCP/IP Protocol Suite(145)
Comparing to OSI page (145)
Goals & BenefitsIP(149)
TCP(147)
IP Internet Protocol
IP(149)
ICMP
ARP
RARP
Transport Layer
Connectionless
UDP
Connection based
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
End to End connectivity
Flow Control
Acknowledgment
Error detection
Error Correction
Retransmit of Lost/corrupted segments
Ports and SocketsTCP & UDP Ports
Well known ports (1- 1023)
Registered Ports (1024 – 4915)
Dynamic/Private Ports( 49152 – 65535)
Ports Vs. Sockets(Page 161)
TCP/IP ApplicationsFTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Telnet
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
DNS (Domain Name System)
TFTP (Trivial FTP)
Finger
POP3 (Post Office Protocol)
SNMP (Simple Network Management)
TCP/IP ApplicationsIMAPLDP (line Printer Daemon)SFTP (Secure FTP)NFS (Network File Service)SSH (Secure Shell)HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)HTTPS (HTTP Secure)NTP (Network Time Protocol)NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)
TCP/IP UtilitiesIPConfigWinIPCFGPingTrace routeARPNetstatNBTSTATTelnetNslookupWINS
Internet Sharing
Web Proxy
NAT
ICS
IP Configuration
IP Address
Default Gateway
DNS Server
WINS
DHCP
IP Pool
Remote Access &WAN Technologies
PSTN (POTS)ISDNFrame RelayATMFDDIT1/E1/J1T3/E3/J3OC-xX.25
Hardware Requirements
Modems
DCE/DTE
Remote Access &WAN Technologies
PSTN (POTS)
ISDN
Other Digital Connection Methods -DSL -Cable -Frame Relay –X.25
Public Switched Telephone Network
POTS
Local Loop
Demarcation (demarc)
Central Office (CO)
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
BRI (2B+D)
PRI T1(23B+D) or E1(30B+D)
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line
xDSL -ADSL -HDSL -SDSL -VDSL
DSL Modem & Splitter
USB or NIC
Cable
Data over Cable Service Interface Specification
DOCSIS
Cable Modem & Splitter
USB or NIC
Frame Relay
Packet Switched Network
PVC -64Kbps -128 Kbps -….. -1.544 Mbps
CIR
BIR
Other Technologies
T, E and J series
Trunk Links
TDM Vs. FDM
T Series
T1: 1.544 Mbps
T1c: 3.152 Mbps
T2: 6.312 Mbps
T3: 44.736 Mbps
T4: 274.176 Mpbs
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
High Speed Digital cell switching technology
53 bytes cells
1.5 Mbps 622 Mbps
Remote Access Protocols
SLIP (serial Line Internet Protocol)PPP (Point to Point Protocol)HDLC PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol)RAS (Remote Access Service)RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)
Remote Connectivity
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)
PPP (Point to Point Protocol)
-Multiple Protocol Support -Configuration Negotiation -Authentication (PAP & CHAP)
-Compression
-Error Detection/Correction
PPTP
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
PPTP ( Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) -Remote client connectivity -Remote network connectivity -Remote Network diagnostics