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Welcome to Oman
Driving in Oman -Road Safety
Trevor Harrison - CSM/6
Corporate Road Safety Adviser
Driving in Oman is Different!
Arrivein
OmanFit &
Healthy
RoadTraffic
Accident?
Enjoy Working
&Living
In Oman(2 - 4 years?)
Leave OmanFit &
Healthy
No Injury /Minor Injury!
NO
YES
Coastal Driving - Some Characteristics
Summary - Immature Driving Environment
• Rule Breaking is Common• Erratic / Unpredictable• Inconsiderate• Roads Difficult
Interior Driving - Some Characteristics
• Graded Roads
• Wadis
• Animals - Collision Risk
• Remote - In the event of an Accident:– may take hours to get help
– Police Only
– NO EFFECTIVE AMBULANCE OR FIRE SERVICE
• Hostile Environment
Summary - Harsh / Unforgiving Environment
What Are the Risks?Driving is probably Your Most Dangerous
activity
Driving in Oman is some 5 to 10 times more dangerous than driving in Europe
Oman:
1996: - 512 Road Accident Fatalities
1997: - 549 Road Accident Fatalities
1998: - 614 Fatalities - Including 50 children below the age of 6 (not wearing Seat Belts?)
PDO Road Safety Figures are comparable
with some European countries
Note - 1966 to 1998. RTA Fatalities have increased
by 20%
The Driver
What causes most accidents?
• Acts to cause an accident - Deliberate Acts of Rule Breaking - eg speeding, illegal overtaking
• Fails to act to prevent an accident - eg not looking ahead, not driving defensively
• Fails to act to reduce the consequences of an accident - eg does not ensure seatbelts are worn
A GOOD DRIVER
What Keeps you Safe on the Road?
“Root cause analysis, shows that human error accounts for more than 90% of road accidents.”
- Safety Features of Light Vehicles and Mini Buses. Shell Health, Safety and Environment Committee, July 1997.“In more than 90% of traffic accidents, human error is the cause; accidents do not just happen by chance, they are the consequences of unsafe driving practices.” - Roadcraft - The Police Driver’s Handbook, Page 1, Chapter 1, The Stationary Office, UK, 1997.
The Driver controls
90% of the Risk - see below
What Does it Mean to be a Good Driver?
A Good Driver
Knowledge SkillsATTITUDE
TrainingPersonal Decision
Experience
MedicallyFit
•Expect the Unexpected•Be Fully Aware of what is happening around you on the road - at the same time maintain a Relaxed and Detached ATTITUDE •Make a Personal Decision that:
•Safety of People Comes First•Anything Else Comes Second
Your First Objective should be to:
To Complete Your Journey Safely
ATTITUDE
ATTITUDE
Personal Decision:
•Safety of People Comes First•Anything else comes second
Some Local Laws
• Illegal to Drink and Drive - Permitted Alcohol Level for driving is ZERO(Check your insurance policy - you are probably not insured if you have been drinking)
• Illegal to drive whilst using GSM
• Illegal to overtake on the right• Traffic from the left has priority - traffic turning
right gives way to traffic turning left - see ‘A Guide to Family Safety, p62’
Vehicle Wish List - Safety
• Keep the Driver Comfortable and in Control:
• Good:- Lights / Brakes / Steering / Tyres
• Accident Mitigation: Mass of at least 1000 kg / 3 point inertia seat belts / air bags / head restraints / side impact protection / roll cage & luggage screen (4WD)
Personal Choice
Conceptual Difference - 2WD vs 4WD
1Tonne
2 to 3Tonnes
Saloon Car 4 Wheel Drive
4WDs - BIG ADVANTAGES:High Driving Position / Excellent Visibility
Enables: - look ahead / early hazard identification /early reaction to hazards
4WDs - BIG DISADVANTAGES:Large mass / High CG / Long, soft springs
Can be difficult to control
DANGER OF ROLLOVER
This utility vehicle handles and maneuvers differentlyfrom many passenger cars both on-road and off-road.
You must drive it safely. As with other utility vehicles if you make sharp turns or abrupt maneuvers, you may cause this vehicle to go out of control and roll over
and crash. You or your passengers may be seriously injured.
Safety Notice displayed inside a Jeep Cherokee
Avoidance:•Good Driving•Rules - Speed•Tyres•Driving Course
Danger - Rollover
Survival:•Speed•Seat Belts•Rollcage•First Aid
Danger - Collision
Avoidance:•Good Driving•Rules - Speed•Safe Distance Rule•Defensive Driving•ATTITUDE
Survival:•Seat Belts•Air bags•Mass•First Aid
Danger - Graded Road:- Collision- Rollover
Avoidance:•Good Driving•Dust Code•Headlights•Speed - 80 kph max
Survival:•Seat Belts•Rollcage•First Aid
Danger - Getting Lost- Stuck
- Broken-down
Avoidance:•Planning / Maps•Good Maintenance•2nd Vehicle•Equipment:
Spade / Rope / Sand boardsAir Jack / Spares
Survival:•Journey Management•Stay with vehicle•WATER!
Danger - Rain- Wadis
Avoidance:- Stay home if it is Raining!•Roads:- Safe Following Distance•Wadis - Slow down- Don’t cross unless it is safe- 4WD Low Ratio- IF IN DOUBT WAIT! Survival:
•Water level can change quickly•Reach place of safety if possible
Danger - Driving on Camp
Avoidance:•Good Driving•Rules - Speed - 50 kph
Survival:•Seat Belts•First Aid•5555
Vehicle - Pedestrian CollisionLikelihood of killing the Pedestrian
30kph - 5%50 kph - 50%
65 kph - almost 100%
That Extra Speed does make a Difference!
Bullbars make the front of a vehicle “more aggressive”.
In the event of a collision the likelihood of a fatality is increased.
Danger - School Car Park
Avoidance:•Speed - Walking Pace!!! Survival:
•First Aid•5555
School Car Park: - The place where20 kg children meet 2000 kg vehicles
Night Driving
Avoid it if you can outside of the coastal area:
• Difficult on graded roads
• Increased risk of hitting camels and other animals
• Other vehicles may not be using lights or do not use them properly
Try to complete your journey by sunset
What to do in case of an accident• Documents to carry:
– Driving Licence / Motor Vehicle Licence / Labour Card-Expats
• Call Police Directly or Call PDO • Do Not Move Vehicles• Injured people - first aid / common sense• Emergency Numbers:
– ROP EMERGENCY - 999 – PDO - Immediate Assistance - (67)5555– PDO - Vehicle Damage - 677488 / 675445
» Pager 9124003 - Outside Office Hours
Courses
Occupational Training
International
Al KhuwairTel - 604741 / 695363
Fax 692201 / 692203Driving:• Interior Driving - 1 Day - OR45• Off Road - Day - OR 45• Defensive Driving - 1 Day - OR 85
First Aid:• Basic Life Support - 1 Day - OR 25• Practical 1st Aid - 2 day - OR 40• Industrial 1st Aid - 4 day - OR 70
National Training Institute
Madinat Qaboos
Tel- 605273
Fax - 607720• Offroad Driving - Thursday am
(Now cancelled due to lack of interest!)
• Defensive Driving - Thursdays 8 am to 3 pm - OR 60
• Child & Infant CPR - 1 Day - OR 22
Enjoy Driving in Oman
Personal Decision:
•Safety of People Comes First•Anything else comes second
Seatbelts Save Lives- Use Them!