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WELCOME TO THE CLASS OF ATM 1204
AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
MAC 2011
DAY:WEDNESDAY & THURSDAY
TIME:0900-1100A.M &1100-1300 PM
VENUE:BK 5
LECTURER INTRODUCTIONSir AFIQ NAQIUDDIN BIN NAHRAWI
@Sir QiuBachelor Eng.Aerospace (hons),USM
*On-going Msc Aerospace Eng,(Airline Planning),UPMWorking exp: Airod Sdn Bhd~2010
FB/YM/ EMAIL: [email protected]
“ Please do not hesitate to call me for any inquiry=)”
…Ice breaking..
~Gravity is not responsibility to make people fall in love~~
Elbert Einstein
Name?Hobby?Ambition?
How to be an effective and smart student??
• Recite the prayer before and after the class.• Give 100% attention to the lecture.• Participate and active in class– Question and answer
• Study in the group.– Teach your friend if you know better .– Using mind map instead of learning by heart.
• Always meet the lecturer to discuss any academic problem.
Course Assessments For ATM
• Attendance = 5% • Assignment = 15% • Test = 20% -public speaking(10%) -writing test (10 %)• Final Examination = 60%
Total = 100 %
WHO WANT TO GET “A” IN ATM??~~YES!!!!! YOU WANT IT…BUT HOW???~~
Attend the ATM classPay 100% attentionDo exerciseDo assignmentSee lecturerDo well in mid-term testDo well in final exam test
ATM TOPIC1. INTRODUCTION TO AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, TYPE OF CONTROL AREAS
& FLIGHT PLAN2. AERODROME CONTROL3. AREA CONTROL 4. APPROACH CONTROL --------------------------------------mid-term test------------------------------5. FLIGHT RULES –IFR6. VISUAL FLIGHT RULE-VFR7. RADIO TELEPHONY COMMUNICATION8. THE LET DOWN PROCEDURE-------------------------------------Final exam-----------------------------------
Course Materials for ATM
• Air Traffic Management –AMC book text• Journal: Air Traffic Management Concept Baseline Definition-
Boeing Commercial Airplane Group• Internet…..etc.
Course Outcomes ATMBy the end of this subject, student should be able to:
• Know the basic responsibilities of Air Traffic control .the Air traffic services provided and the flight plan.
• Know the function and responsibility of aerodrome control• Know the function and responsibility of area control• Know the function and responsibility of approach control• Know the objective and function of instrument flight rules• Know the objective and function of visual flight rules• Know Importance of radio telephony communication• Understanding and able to describe the letdown procedure
!!Reminder!!In my class:
• Please be punctual and not late than 15 minutes.• Please wearing proper attire for the class session.• Please pay attention during the class.• You may eat sweetie, candy, chocolate but not heavy food.
Set a goal in your life:
Know your goal and plan properly. Do revision/study before and after class time.
Eager to do research. Put interest in the subject.
Discipline (e.g. always be punctual!!). Always put academic as your priority.
Keeping good mental and physical health. Spend some time for meditation (pray).
Train to have strong imagination.
Do you know what kind of building is ?
CONDITION IN THE ATC BUILD
What will happen if we don’t have the ATC building?
Chapter 1:CONFIGURATION OF THE ATC TOWER
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HEIGHT OF THE ATC TOWER
ITS HEIGHT OF THIS TALL DEPENDS ON THE AIRPORT RUNWAYS E.G:SMALL AIRPORT LIKE SUBANG & PENANG :BIG AIRPORT-TWO PARALLEL RUNWAY LIKE KLIA&CHANGI
A TOWER IS USED SO THAT THE ATC OFFICER CAN SEE THE RUNWAYS AND TAXIWAY CLEARLY.
HOW LONG THE TALL OF KLIA ATC?????-(130 M) THE TALLEST ATC IN THE WORLD????-Canton Tower (600 M),under construction Tokyo Sky free(634M)
Chapter 1:CONFIGURATION OF THE ATC TOWER
Windows:• Why the windows of the ATC tower have to surround the top of the building? -in order the ATC officer to see air traffic all round.360 degrees.
• Why the glass of window should reasonable thick? -to sustain the noise created by the aircraft - avoid reflection of the light - tinted to avoid sunrays penetrating and blinding the ATC officer
Chapter 1:CONFIGURATION OF THE ATC TOWER
ATC TOWER REQUIREMENT: RADIO TOWER EQUIPMENT: VHF & UHF DIALESS TELEPHONE SYSTEM
NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENTS ADF/NDB – for aircraft direction VOR/DME – for aircraft direction and distance ILS/MLS – for aircraft direction for landing to runway. Landing lights – for aircraft guidance for landing to runway
ATC Radar – to monitor the aircraft location and height in airspace A flight strip progress Board. A light gun for communication with a/c if radio failure of R/F An airport lighting system console
Chapter 1:FUNCTION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
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• ATC is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air.
• The primary purpose of ATC systems worldwide is to separate aircraft to prevent collisions, to organize and expedite the flow of traffic, and to provide information and other support for pilots when requested.
• A wrong or negligent control may cause catastrophic accident.
All ATC oral communication are recorded This is to check the communication should any incident or accident happens. All message from ATC must be acknowledged by the party sent to as having received
and understood. This is to prevent misunderstanding which could lead to accidents. A control needs to be aware of all the aircrafts flying under his control so that he could
respond efficiently and safely.
Aerodrome/Area/Approach control
• ATC control for aircrafts landing, take off , ground control, taxiing at the airport-AVOID FLIGHT COLIDE with each other ,
ALERTING AND EMERGENCY SERVICES
• -Provide whenever in the event the a/c experience emergencies. & need assistant
MAIN COORDINATING BODY WITH AIRPORT MANAGEMENT
• In terms of security, fire emergencies and other.
Chapter 1:FUNCTION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER
Chapter 1:AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES (ATS )
FIS•FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICES
ATC
•AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
ALERTING SERVICE
•FOR EMERGENCY
ATAS•AIR TRAFFIC ADVISORY SERVICES
ATS(AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE)
Chapter 1: OBJECTIVE OF AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES (ATS )
prevent collisions
between a/c
avoid collisions on the maneuvering
area.
expedite, maintain an orderly flow of
air traffic.
provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of the flight
notify appropriate organization
regarding a/c in need SAR aid.
Chapter 1: TYPES OF CONTROL AREA
• DEFINITION:
~~Dimensions within ATC service provided to all IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) and VFR ( visual Flight Rules)~~
Chapter 1:TYPES OF AIR SPACES
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
•Dimension Where ATC are exercise and all flight must adhere strictly to the condition applied therein under Instructions and control of the Air traffic Controller
UNCONTROLLED
AIRSPACE
•Dimensions outside the Control Airspace whereby all flight are not to subject to ATC•Namely by General aviation a/c and military tactical a/c
Chapter 1:TYPES OF CONTROLLED AIR SPACES
• AIRWAYS• CONTROL ZONES • TERMINAL CONTROL AREAS(TMA)
Chapter 1: AIRWAYS
- AIR SPACES OF DEFINED DIMENSIONS- Sort of air corridors 10 to 30 nautical miles wide- Upper limit 46,000 feet, lower limit 8000 feet.- Encompassed the ATS routes that joint various point
in the sky to provide protection to all flight.- EXAMPLE: MALACCA,IPOH,ALOR STAR,KUALA
TERENGGANU.
Chapter 1:CONTROL ZONE
• Is an Airspace of defined dimension,• In which a full air traffic control are exercise in
which all flights must adhere to strictly to ATC• 20 nautical• Upper level of around 3,000 to 9,000 feet
from ground level.
Chapter 1:TERMINAL CONTROL AREAS (TMA)
o two or more airports are clustered together with their control zones
o The main airport is given authority to exercise, and named as TMA
o Example: 3 airport at KLIA, Subang, and TUDM, each with own Control zone.
o TMA establish to encompassed all the 3 airport.o normal 60 nautical mile radius to 24,500 feet.
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History of the Air traffic control• Archie William League, widely
acknowledged as the first U.S. air traffic controller, was born in 1907 at Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
• He passed away on October 1, 1986 at the age of 79 in Annandale, Virginia. League retired from the F.A.A. in 1973, as the Assistant Administrator for Appraisal,
• with his claim to the first air traffic controller largely unchallenged.
History of the Air traffic control• his photo shows operations at the
Newark, New Jersey air traffic control facility during 1936.
• The en route controllers used maps and blackboards to help them keep track of the position of planes along the airways. They had no direct radio link with aircraft.
History of the Air traffic control
• The pointed markers representing aircraft were moved across the map as flights progressed.
History of the Air traffic control
• This photo shows the New York air traffic center in 1942. Racks of paper strips replaced blackboards as a way to note flight data.
History of the Air traffic control• In the 1970s, controllers
became able to determine an aircraft's identity, altitude, and other data through alphanumeric codes on their radar scopes.
History of the Air traffic control
Chapter 1:Flight plan
~~FLIGHT PLANS ARE DOCUMENTS FILED BYPILOTS OR A FLIGHT DISPATCHER WITH THE LOCAL CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITYPRIOR TO DEPARTURE. IT GIVES DETAILS OFTHE
INTENDED FLIGHT~~
Chapter 1:Flight plan• Before a pilot makes a flight:~~provide the relevant Authorities prior notification of the details of his
intended flight~~ • Purpose:1. Provision of the type of Air traffic Services Needs2. Notification for alerting and Search & rescues in the even of an accident
Chapter 1:Flight plan• Responsibility– It is the responsibility of the aircraft captain to submit the
flight plan.– He may delegate the work to flight dispatcher or local agents.– Flight plan must be submitted at least one hour before flight
(unless military flights) – It is the duty of the captain to ensure the flight plan is
accurate and, if any changes occur, the ATC would be advised accordingly.
– This includes aircraft call signs, proposed routes and airways, endurance, proposed flight levels proposed people on board, destinations, transit destinations, aircraft type.
Chapter 1:Flight plan• Flight plan submitted on prescribe FORM DCA 33
and shall submit for:
Any flight to be provided with ATC serviceAll Instrument Flight rulesAny flight into designated areas, relevant ATS
authority for Flight information , Alerting and SAR.All flight across international airspace.
CHAPTER 1:FLIGHT PLAN- SUBMISSION OF FLIGHT PLANS
Content of a flight plan: IN MALAYSIA, SUBMITTED ON A PRESCRIBED DCA FORM 33 TO BESUBMITTED
PRIOR TO OPERATING
1. ANY FLIGHT TO BE PROVIDED ATC SERVICES
2. ALL INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES FLIGHT
3. ALL FLIGHTS INTO DESIGNATED AREAS SO AS TO FACILITATE RELEVANT ATS AUTHORITIES
4. TO PROVIDE FIS, ALERTING AND SAR
5. ALL FLIGHTS ACROSS INTERNATIONAL BORDERS
CHAPTER 1:FLIGHT PLAN- SUBMISSION OF FLIGHT PLANS
FLIGHT PLANS SHALL BE SUBMITTED:
a. AT LEAST 60 MINS PRIOR TO ETD
1. DEPARTING MALAYSIAN AIRPORT WHOSE DESTINATIONS ARE OUTSIDE MALAYSIA 2. DEPARTING PENINSULAR MALAYSIA AIRPORTS FOR SABAH/SARAWAK .
CHAPTER 1:FLIGHT PLAN- SUBMISSION OF FLIGHT PLANS
FLIGHT PLANS SHALL BE SUBMITTED:
b. AT LEAST 30 MINS PRIOR TO DEPARTURE:
1. FLIGHTS OPERATING WITHIN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
2. FLIGHTS OPERATING WITHIN SABAH AND/OR SARAWAK
Chapter 1:CONTENTS OF A FLIGHT PLAN
a. IDENTIFICATION OF THE AIRCRAFT SUCH AS FLIGHT NO., AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION NO., OR SPECIFIED CALL SIGNb. SSR DATA CODE FOR RADAR CONTROL SERVICEc. TYPE OF FLIGHT RULES ADOPTED – IFR/VFRd. TYPE OF FLIGHT – SCHEDULE, CHARTER, TRAINING, MILITARY, GA etce. AIRCRAFT TYPEf. AIRCRAFT CALL SIGNg. AERODROME OF DEPARTUREh. ESTIMATED TIME OF DEPARTUREi. NUMBER OF PERSONS ON BOARD
Chapter 1:CONTENTS OF A FLIGHT PLAN
j. ESTIMATED TIMES OVER FIR BOUNDARYk. AIRCRAFT CRUISING SPEEDl. DESIRED FLIGHT LEVEL OR CRUISING LEVELm. PROPOSED ROUTE OF FLIGHTn. AERODROME OF DESTINATIONo. ALTERNATE AERODROMEp. ESTIMATED ELAPSED TIME TO REPORTING/ TURNING POINTS/DESTINATIONSq. OTHER INFORMATION SUCH AS FUEL ENDURANCE, TYPE OF SURVIVAL EQPT CARRIED, etc
Chapter 1:TRANSMISSION OF FLIGHT PLANS
1. THE FLIGHT PLAN ONCE RECEIVED WILL BETYPED AND TRANSMITTED THROUGH THEAFTN (AERONAUTICAL FIXED TELEPHONICNETWORK)
2. TO ALL THE RELEVANT ATC UNITS SUCH AS AERODROME, APPROACH, AND AREA CONTROL UNITS BOTH IN COUNTRY
3. AND ALL THE FIRs EN ROUTE AND THE DESTINATION/ALTERNATE AERODROMES
Chapter 1:FLIGHT STRIP DATA
1. UPON RECEIPT OF THE FLIGHT PLAN THE FLIGHT DATA CONTROLLER WILL ENTER THE RELEVANT DATA ON THE FLIGHT DATA STRIP FOR USE BY THE ATC CONTROLLER
2. PRINTED ON PAPER OR ELECTRONIC FLIGHT STRIPS*Please look page 60-61 AMC text book*
Chapter 1:Flight planning
• Definition:~~Is a process of producing a flight plan to
described a proposed a/c flight~~
Chapter 1:FLIGHT PLANNING
INVOLVES TWO SAFETY CRITICAL ASPECTS
1. FUEL CALCULATION.. TO ENSURE AIRCRAFT CAN SAFELY REACH DESTINATION COMPLIANCE WITH ATC REQUIREMENTS
2. TO MINIMISE RISK OF MID AIR COLLISIONS.. AND MINIMISE FLIGHT COST BY APPROPRIATE CHOICE OF ROUTE, HEIGHT, SPEED,
LOADING MINIMUM SAFE FUEL CAPACITY ~~
Do you think A/C need reserve fuel and why?
• Allow un foreseen circumstances:1. Inaccurate weather forecast2. Unexpected loading.(weight of bag, people)3. Routes and flight levels
~~Jumbo jet a/c burn up 80 tons of fuel on a 10 hour flight~~
Chapter 1:UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
DISTANCE - Nautical MilesFUEL UNITS - KG , POUNDS, GALLONS, LITRES
HEIGHT - FLT LEVEL , FEET, METRES
SPEED - KNOTS , MACH NO
WEIGHT - KG, POUNDS TONS
* Please read text book: pages 63-79*
Summary of chapter 1
• Configuration of air traffic controller• Function of traffic control tower• Air Traffic Services• Objective of Air traffic services• Type of airspace• Type of controlled airspace• Flight Plan• Flight Content• Flight strip data/plan
Exercise!!!!!• In your word, why there a need to have the control to be the tallest
building at the airport?• What happen to ATC officer if the ATC tower has a thin glass window?• Please list down at least 3 ATC tower requirements and why they need
them?• What are the objectives of air traffic services and explain the reasons
why air traffic services are needed• By your own word, what happen if no Air traffic control in airport
building?• What are the different between Control Airspace and Uncontrolled
airspace?• Why is a flight plan needed before a purpose flight?• What are the contents of a flight Plan?
