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Welcome to the
Nuts and Bolts of Microfinance
Objectives
Course Objectives - Participant will be able to:
• Identify risks that senior and branch management face in the day to day operations of an MFI.
• Recognize planning needs and develop appropriate plans for a given technical area and/or risk
Objectives
Course Objectives - Participant will be able to:
• Understand key decisions points for a given technical area and/or risk and use management tools to mitigate risk and/or increase efficiency/effectiveness of operations
• Implement monitoring activities / tools and identify key results, lessons learned or improvement areas
Overall Expectations
• It is impossible to teach you all agenda items in short course
• We will touch on areas for you to understand the area, know risks/ issues involved, ways to begin to manage/ monitor it and where to go for more information
Expectations
• Experience Sharing – everyone shares their thoughts
• Group work is the norm as it allows the best way for people to understand issues
Agenda
• Day One– Vision, Mission, Objectives and Culture
(Strategic Planning)
• Day Two– Governance
• Day Three– Management
Agenda
• Day Four– Planning
• Day Five– Risk Management
Vision, Mission, Objectives and Culture (Strategic Planning)
What is Strategic Planning?
• Working through a process
to choose what is most
important to achieve
organizational success
What is Strategic Planning?
The determination of the most
effective way by which an
organization can achieve its ends
given the resources it can muster
and conditions it must operate in.
Key Elements of Strategic Planning
Articulating the vision, mission and
objectives
Defining markets
and clients
Analyzing the
environment
Performing an
institutional assessment
Developing a
strategy
Stakeholder Assessment
Key Management Decision Points
–Who are my strategic clients?
–Where to serve my strategic clients?
–What product to deliver to satisfy my strategic clients?
–Who are my competitors?
Key Management Decision Points
–How to respond to competition?
–What are the strengths of my organization?
–Which strengths are unique and hard to copy?
–What are the growth targets?
–Where does financing come from?
is a core statement that expresses what an
organization sets out to do,
for whom, and why”
or “It is a long-term view or ideal that drives the
organization”
“Vision
Articulating the Mission
Mission Your mission
establishes the organization’s guiding principles and overall direction.
Your mission statement is expression or a declaration of organizational purpose.
Generally, the statement of mission addresses the following:
What issues are you attempting to address (ex. The lack of access by the poor to financial services)?How do you respond to these issues (by providing financial services to low-income entrepreneurs)?
Who are your intended clients (farmers, vendors)?
What are your institution’s core values (serving as an ongoing financial resource for members, or achieving significant outreach and financial self-sufficiency)?
Objectives
• Establish a measure for evaluating the success of the business
• Set priorities for its management and staff, who should be held accountable for the accomplishment of the objectives
Core Values
• Effective organizations identify and develop a clear, concise and shared meaning of values/beliefs, priorities, and direction so that everyone understands and can contribute.
Institutional Culture
• Every business has a distinct culture. It reflects the values of the firm and its attitude about change, technology and risk among other things.
• You can not see corporate culture, it is not in the budget, it does not have a monetary value but it is critical to growth of the organization.
Institutional Culture
• It is made of core values. Core values are essential and enduring beliefs that are not to be compromised for financial gain or short term expediency. They are the purpose of why the company is in existence
• The culture affects management attitudes toward customers, employees, shareholders, and competitors. It affects what decisions are made, how they are made and how well they are implemented.
Group Work
• Review articles about MFIs and MF Industry
• Discuss how this affects Strategic Planning – VMOC
• Develop recommendations
Review Assessments for Strategic Planning Process
• Discuss Handouts and assessment process
• Discuss who completes and how to analysis results
• Discuss how to incorporate in Strategic and Business Plans
Key Elements of Strategic Planning
Articulating the vision, mission and
objectives
Defining markets
and clients
Analyzing the
environment
Performing an
institutional assessment
Developing a
strategy
Stakeholder Assessment
Strategy development for objectives
• Short Term – now to one year
• Mid Term – 2-3 years
• Long term – 4-5 years
• Idea is to get out big picture items that will need to be accomplished to ensure the objective is achieved
Choosing a Strategy
The process of identifying a strategy has three parts:
choosing what products to offer in what markets;
deciding which areas of the institution need to be strengthened to ensure that it can provide the chosen products in the selected markets; and
determining clear objectives and activities for
implementing the product, market and institutional development goals.
BP1.2-OH2.24
Monitoring the Strategic Plan
• Ratings
• Social Performance Measurements
• External Audits
• Board of Director Reports
Review of VMOC• Quality MFIs have strong strategic planning
– Quality answers to key decisions points
– Vision and Mission clear / staff know and implement
– Objectives are detailed and used to measure success
Review of VMOC• Quality MFIs have strong strategic planning
– Core values identified, nurtured and led by example
– Strong monitoring and evaluation – ratings, EA, SPM and Board Reports (on objectives)
– Reviewing and Updating of Strategic Plan based on growth of MFI and/or industry evolution
Governance
What is Governance?
• Vision and Mission
• Protects assets and resources
• Sets directions
• Protects interest of stakeholders
Why is Governance Important?
• MFI Performance and quality
• Deposits
• Transparency
• Accountability
Board Size and Composition
• Why is size important?
• Who should be members?
• What type of key skills should BOD members have?
Selection and Orientation
• Recruitment – ongoing process
• Selection based on criteria
• Orientation important to success of member
Roles and Responsibilities of Board and Management
• The Board and management should have a relationship defined by partnership, particularly between Board Chair and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO).
Roles and Responsibilities of Board and Management
• Partnership refers to the mutual support, trust, and respect forged between two entities.
Real Risks & Case Studies
• Review distributed documents
• Determine issues
• Review questions and debate answers if any
• Make recommendations as if you were a BOD member
Area of Responsibility Board of Directors MFI Management
Preservation of Mission
Overall Responsibility to preserve mission of organization, or if absolutely necessary, to amend mission as circumstances change
Responsible for preserving mission in all aspects of executing organizational responsibilities
Social Performance
Responsible for establishing social objectives in strategic plan and for evaluating CEO according to those objectives.
Responsible for MFI achieving social objectives agreed to in strategic plan. Responsible for preparing reports on progress to meet social objectives.
Group Work• Divide into three groups
• Identify all roles and responsibilities of Board and Management
• List all the types on a piece of flipchart paper (in the example of table from previous slides) and notebook paper as you discuss
• Pick people to record the findings and make the presentation
• You have 30 minutes.
How does the BOD Manage the CEO?
• The Board as a whole manages the CEO. Letting your CEO know ahead of time exactly how the Board will evaluate him/her is good practice.
How does the BOD Manage the CEO?
• Consider evaluating the CEO based on achieving the results agreed to in the approved strategic plan and adherence to written restrictive policy. This makes the performance review simple and fair.
Area of CEO Limitation: Developing personnel policies
The Board of MFI agrees that the CEO may set MFI’s personnel policies, except in the following situations:
• The CEO sets his/her own salary and benefits. (Salary and benefits will always be established and approved by the board).
Area of CEO Limitation:Financial management and oversight
The Board of MFI agrees that the CEO may manage MFI’s financial decisions according to the approved strategic plan or the routine requirements of managing the MFI, except in the following situations:
• Investments in assets or general expenditures greater than $5,000
Area of CEO Limitation: Establishing rates of interest
The Board of MFI agrees that the CEO may set interest rates on loans to customers of MFI, except in the following situations:
• If the interest rate at any time is to exceed 5% per month. A ceiling higher than 5% requires board approval.