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WELCOME
TO T IVOL I
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W E L C O M E T O T I V O L I
2
Contents Introduction
History
Design & art
Amusements
Restaurants
Friday Rock & Jazz
The Pantomime Theatre &
The Tivoli Boys Guard
The Concert Hall
Christmas in Tivoli
Guests in Tivoli
Environment
The Company
Page 3
Page 4
Page 6
Page 8
Page 10
Page 12
Page 14
Page 16
Page 18
Page 22
Page 24
Page 26
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W E L C O M E T O T I V O L I
3
In the heart
of CopenhagenTivoli is many different
things: Denmark's most
popular tourist attraction is
simultaneously an institu-
tion, a bearer of tradition, a
national symbol and a
company. In down-to-earth
terms, Tivoli is an amuse-
ment park covering 82,717
sq.m. in the centre of Copenhagen. But the special
thing about this area is that all Danes are familiar with it,
and almost all have an emotional investment in it.
Internationally, Tivoli also enjoys a special status. Not
only is it one of the world's oldest amusement parks –
the one that gave Walt Disney the idea for his Disney-
land – it is also the third most visited in Europe.
Tivoli has a tradition of renewal. As its founder, Georg
Carstensen, said in 1843: Tivoli will never be finished.
Almost every year, there's some new addition – a new
ride, a new restaurant, a new kind of entertainment –
and the old must make room for the new.
But Tivoli is more than just amusements, good food
and entertainment. Tivoli is also fairy lights, flowers
and above all, romance. Tivoli is at its most romantic
when darkness falls, but no matter when you choose
to visit the Gardens, it's like stepping into a magic
universe. The fairy tale starts the moment you leave
the outside world …
On the following pages, you can read about the
history of Tivoli, its amusements, restaurants, enter-
tainment, guests and much more.
We hope you enjoy it – and your next visit to Tivoli.
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Tivoli was founded in 1843 by Georg Carstensen (1812-57).
Carstensen gained the inspiration for the Gardens on his many
travels throughout Europe, where similar romantic amusement
parks had been established in the 18th century. The absolute
monarchy had not yet been abolished in Denmark, so Carstensen
had to apply to King Christian VIII for permission to establish and
operate a 'Tivoli & Vauxhall', called after similar parks in Paris and
London. In his application to the King, Carstensen described his
concept of Tivoli as a place where there would be music, perfor-
mances, entertainment, alehouses, restaurants and amusements
– and, after dark, illuminations and fireworks.
It is said that Carstensen convinced the absolute monarch with
the words: "When the populace are enjoying themselves, they
forget about politicking." Carstensen received his permit in 1842,
and on 15 August 1843, 'Tivoli & Vauxhall' opened just outside
the walls of Copenhagen, alongside the city's moat and ramparts.
Copenhagen was still a fortified city, and a condition for the
granting of the permit was that all of the buildings should be easy
Amusement park for the people
H I S T O R Y
Around the turn of the last century,
Tivoli enjoyed great success with its
scenographical 'towns' displayingforeign cultures. Pictured here is the
"Chinese Caravan" from 1902.
Tivoli generally attracts
large crowds for its con-
certs and performances.
On 15 August 1943,
when Tivoli celebrated its
centenary anniversary,
112,802 people visited
the park. That record still
stands. Photo from a
concert by Danish rock
singer Sanne
Salomonsen in 2003.
On the night of 24 June 1944, a group
of Nazis blew up large parts of Tivoli
Gardens in a reprisal for the actions of
the Danish Resistance against German
interests in Denmark. The inferno that
followed the explosions was so intense
that it could be seen throughout
Copenhagen. The greatest loss was
the large Concert Hall, built in 1902, of
which only the facade remained.
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H I S T O R Y
5
to remove in the event of war. Accordingly, the first buildings in
Tivoli were made of wood and cloth, and resembled theatrical
scenery. Even today, several of the buildings in Tivoli retain the
lightly-constructed, pavilion-like style that was characteristic of
the park in its earliest days.
In the 1880s Copenhagen outgrew its walls, and Tivoli, which
originally lay in the countryside, was gradually absorbed by the
city. Today, the Gardens lie like an oasis in the heart of Copen-hagen, centrally located between the Town Hall (1905) and
Copenhagen Central Station (1911), with The Tivoli Lake as a
remnant of the old city moat. The original idea behind Tivoli
remains its fundamental element, and many of its traditions hark
back to the earliest years: fireworks, performances, music,
pantomime, The Tivoli Boys Guard, etc.
According to the architect and lamp designer Poul Henningsen, who was
attached to Tivoli as an architect from 1941-49, Tivoli's lights can be
divided into three categories: light, lighting and illumination. Light to see
with, lighting to create atmosphere, and illumination to put a little colour into
life. In 2002, in the spirit of this philosophy of light, Tivoli created the Tivoli
Illuminations, which bring light and colour to The Tivoli Lake half an hour
before closing time every day in the summer season.
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D E S I G N & A R T
6
Ever since its opening in 1843, Tivoli Gardens has flirted with the
oriental and exotic, or perhaps rather with the West's impression
of Eastern architecture. Tivoli was so Chinese-influenced in those
days that, according to his own diary notes on 11 October 1843,
Hans Christian Andersen, Denmark's best-known writer, gained
the inspiration for his Chinese fairy-tale "The Nightingale" in
Copenhagen's Tivoli!
The oriental influence can still be seen in such buildings as The
Pantomime Theatre (1874), which were designed by Vilhelm
Dahlerup, who also designed the Royal Theatre (1874) on
Kongens Nytorv, and The Chinese Pagoda (1900) and
Restaurant Nimb (1909), by Knud Arne Petersen, who was
Tivoli's managing director as well as an architect.
From the 1940s to the present day, Tivoli has been the playground
of a number of internationally-renowned Danish architects, such as
the architect and lamp designer Poul Henningsen, who found fame
as the creator of the PH lamp. Poul Henningsen designed a num-
ber of lamps for Tivoli, such as the spiral lamp that can still be seen
by The Tivoli Lake, and a special black-out lamp that enabled Tivoli
to stay open after sunset during the wartime occupation.
Tivoli's lighting, or illuminations as they were known in Carsten-
sen's day, is a whole design chapter of its own and one of the
Playgroundfor architects
Architect and lamp designer Poul Henningsen designed a number of lamps
especially for Tivoli. Here he is seen with his 1949 rotating spiral lamp,
which can still be seen by The Tivoli Lake. Photo: Scanpix
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D E S I G N & A R T
7
Tivoli has a rich tradition of poster art. Every year
since 1976, a different Danish artist has been
asked to create Tivoli's poster for the year; the
artists have included Bjørn Wiinblad, Wilhelm
Freddie, Per Arnoldi, Thomas Kluge and Maja Lisa
Engelhardt.
fundamental elements in Carstensen's Tivoli. Today, the Gardens
are lit by 115,000 bulbs and more than 25 different kinds of
lamps, the most important of which is the Tivoli cupola, which is
used everywhere in the Gardens in the colours red, white, blue,
green and yellow. The cupolas were originally designed as gas-
lights, but were later converted to electricity.
Some of the more exotic elements of Tivoli disappeared forever in
the sabotage action in 1944, such as the Turkish-inspired
Concert Hall dating from 1902. The original Glass Hall Theatre,
which served as Tivoli's concert hall from 1863-1902, was also
razed to the ground. Both of these halls were later rebuilt; TheGlass Hall Theatre in 1946, by the father and son architect team
Poul and Simon P. Henningsen, and The Concert Hall in 1956 by
the architects Hans Hansen and Frits Schlegel, in a modern style
that helped to emphasise the role of Tivoli as a patron of the
country's leading artists and architects.
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A M U S E M E N T S
8
When Tivoli opened in 1843 there were just two amusements
to choose between: a horse-drawn carousel and a roller-
coaster. Today there are 24, all of which are regularly replaced
or renewed. Four of these are roller-coasters, of which theoldest, the Mountain Roller-Coaster, built in 1914, has been
Tivoli's most popular amusement ride for many years. Every
summer, more than 1,200,000 guests take a ride in the old
roller-coaster trains, which have dipped and dived around the
625 metre track many thousands of times and have heard
screams of delight in all the languages of the world. Today, it is
one of the world's oldest working wooden roller-coasters.
As Tivoli has no room left to expand, old amusements must
periodically make way for new thrills. Accordingly, the Snake
roller-coaster left the Gardens in 2003, and was replaced by a
new roller-coaster ride, the Demon, which arrived in Tivoli in the
spring of 2004. At speeds of up to 80 kmh, passengers shoot
through three loops on the almost 600-metre long roller-
coaster, which at a height of 28 metres is Denmark's highest
full circuit roller-coaster. What's more, the Demon is a floorless
roller-coaster, which means you have nothing to press your feet
against when you turn upside-down.
A gentler roller-coaster ride for younger children is to be had at
the Caravan, while the Odin Express is a source of exhilaration
for all age groups.
In addition to the rides, there are enough shooting galleries andcoconut shies in Tivoli to satisfy the most competitive nature,
while if you prefer the gambling challenge, Tivoli is also home to
Denmark's largest amusement arcade, the Tivoli Jackpot.
Amusements for all eras
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A M U S E M E N T S
9
The oldest and most popular amuse-
ment in Tivoli is the Mountain Roller-
Coaster, which dates from 1914.
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R E S T A U R A N T S
10
Some people say that when the Danes are enjoying themselves,
they eat. There may be something in that. At any rate, Tivoli has
enough restaurants to cater to every taste – whether you prefer
modern cuisine, fast food or traditional Danish food.
The two oldest restaurants in Tivoli are Café Ketchup (formerly
Divan 1) and Divan 2. Divan is a Turkish word meaning 'reception
room', and both restaurants were originally tea rooms that served
liqueurs, coffee, tea or chocolate while you chatted. Today, both
'Divans' house exclusive restaurants. The Chinese Pagoda, origi-
nally called the Japanese Tower, began its life as a tea room in
1900, but had already become a restaurant by 1903. Today,
The Chinese Pagoda lives up to its name by serving Cantonese
cuisine.
Restaurant Nimb began as Basaren ('The Bazaar') when Tivoli
The gastronomic gardens
Around 10,000 people can dine at one and the
same time in Tivoli's 38 restaurants and cafés.
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R E S T A U R A N T S
11
opened in 1843, and as the name implies, was originally a
market selling various items. The current Nimb dates from 1909
and derives its name from the Nimb family, who were restaura-
teurs in Tivoli from 1872 to 1935. The building is illuminated by a
total of 3,789 bulbs in a variety of Tivoli colours, and houses two
restaurants and a number of reception rooms.
Café Ultimo was originally built as a dance hall in 1883. In 1912
the building was converted to a hippodrome, and in 1916 to an
exhibition hall. It wasn't until 1923 that the building found a
function that lasted: a tea shop was installed, where cakes,
coffee and musical entertainment could be enjoyed together with
a view of the promenade around the lake. In 1997 the building
once again acquired a new name and function, when Tivoli, as
part of its strategy to attract a younger 'on the town' clientele,
converted the tea shop into a modern restaurant.
In 2003, Tivoli Gardens added another top-class restaurant, The
Paul, to its portfolio. With master chef Paul Cunningham at the
helm, The Paul quickly won over both guests and critics with its
modern European cuisine, which gained it a series of rave
reviews in leading newspapers and magazines, as well as inter-
national recognition.
In some places you can even bring your own packed lunch
along, as here at Søcaféen (the Lake Café). Liquid refresh-
ments, however, must be be bought at the café.
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F R I D A Y R O C K & J A Z Z
12
Tivoli Gardens is a cultural institution and a
major player in the Danish entertainment busi-
ness. With two indoor venues (The Glass Hall
Theatre and The Concert Hall), three outdoor
venues (Plænen, Harmonipavillonen and
Promenadepavillonen), and two theatres (The
Pantomime Theatre and Valmuen), Tivoli plays
a not insignificant role in Danish musical life.
The Glass Hall Theatre plays host all year round
to jazz masters, top Danish theatrical stars and
guest appearances from leading Copenhagen
theatre companies, while the Plænen open-air
stage presents top Danish and international pop
music every Friday all summer long, in its series
of Friday Rock concerts starting at 10 pm.
The list of artistes who have recently performed
The band plays on
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The 2001 concert by Sting
attracted just under 60,000 guests.
Normal attendance at a Friday Rock
concert is 15-20,000 guests.
to packed houses at Plænen includes Sting from England, Texas
from Scotland, Blood Hound Gang from the USA, Eric Gadd from
Sweden and the Danish rap group Outlandish. During the Copen-
hagen Jazz Festival, which takes place every year in July, such jazz
stars as Randi Crawford, Ray Charles, Diane Reeves, Natalie Cole
and Tony Bennett have attracted many thousands of guests to
Tivoli Gardens.
Hardly as world famous, but just as great an attraction, is the
entertainment on offer at Harmonipavillonen and Promenade-
pavillonen, where the Tivoli Big Band and the Tivoli Promenade
Orchestra spread musical well-being every day – except Friday,
which is dedicated to rock.
Both the Big Band and the Promenade Orchestra also have
other tasks besides filling the pavilions with music. The Big Band
helps to heighten the tension during the performances at Plænen,
while the Promenade Orchestra is in the orchestra pit at The
Pantomime Theatre when the curtain goes up on Tivoli's other-
wise silent pantomime shows.
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T H E P A N T O M I M E T H E A T R E & T H E T I V O L I B O Y S G U A R D
14
The Pantomime Theatre is a cultural institution in itself. This pre-
served baroque building, dating from 1874, is home to the old
Casortian pantomimes that the Casorti and Price families brought
to Denmark around 1800. Words are banned, but there is lively
conversation in mime as Harlequin attempts to lure Columbine
away from her quick-witted guardian, Cassandra, with a little help
from the clumsy Pierrot. Pierrot is the only pantomime figure who
actually says anything, when, at the conclusion of the performance,
the children give the traditional shout of, "Say something, Pierrot!"
Although the Casortian pantomimes are the soul of the Panto-
mime theatre, both ballet and more modern dance performances
can also be seen there.
2001 saw the premiere of a new ballet pantomime, Kærlighed i
Skarnkassen ('Love in the Dustbin'), which boasted a set design
by Queen Margrethe and choreography by Dinna Bjørn, while the
2003 programme featured, for the first time in the theatre's histo-
ry, a hip-hop pantomime, Harlequin's Triumph. The story that
Harlequin's Triumph tells is traditional, but electric boogie, locking
Long live tradition!and capoeira are not exactly everyday sights at The Pantomime
Theatre, which tries out innovations, but remains faithful to the
pantomime tradition.
Opposite The Pantomime Theatre lies the children's theatre,
Valmuen, where small children can be entertained three times a
day with puppet theatre versions of Hans Christian Andersen's
fairy tales and other enchanting stories.
Tivoli also has its own boys' guard, a close copy of the royal life-
guards, consisting of around 100 boys aged 8-16. The Guard
has a marching band, who receive music lessons three times a
week at the Tivoli School of Music, and often end up becoming
professional musicians.
The history of The Tivoli Boys Guard can be traced right back to
1844: a tradition every bit as venerable as the daredevil acrobatic
feats performed on Plænen all summer long. Fireworks were also
one of the main ingredients in Carstensen's original 'Tivoli &
Vauxhall' concept, and on Saturdays and festive occasions, a visit
to Tivoli can still be rounded off with a firework display.
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15
A total of around 2,350 performances can be
enjoyed every season – all of them free of charge,
once the admission ticket to Tivoli has been paid.
T H E P A N T O M I M E T H E A T R E &
T H E T I V O L I B O Y S G U A R D
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T H E C O N C E R T H A L L
16
The foundations of Tivoli's strong musical tradition were laid by
H.C. Lumbye, Tivoli's first musical director and the Strauss of
the North, with his catchy waltzes, gallops and marches.
Extraordinarily for an amusement park, Tivoli still possesses its
own symphony orchestra, its own big band and its own prome-
nade orchestra. Music has always been one of the corner-
stones of the Tivoli experience, with entertainment in the
Concert Hall as the main attraction.
Thousands of Danes have been drawn to The Concert Hall to
hear concerts by some of the world's greatest performers and
ensembles, including such renowned soloists as Anne Sofie
Mutter, Kiri Te Kanawa, Nigel Kennedy, and Gidon Kremer,
world-famous symphony orchestras such as the Ochestre
Philharmonic di Scala, the New York Philharmonic, the Los
Angeles Philharmonic, the Russian National Orchestra and the
Orchestre National de France, and top chamber orchestras
such as the Kronos Quartet. In The Concert Hall alone, each
summer season sees around 100 classical concerts of inter-
Stamping-ground of the stars
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T H E C O N C E R T H A L L
17
national standard, half of them free for the Gardens'
guests.
Some of the world's leading ballet companies,
such as the New York City Ballet, the
American Ballet Theatre, the Royal Ballet
and the Alvin Ailey American Dance
Theater have also performed to packed
houses in The Concert Hall, very often with the
Queen, who is a ballet fan, as one of the guests
at the premiere.
The Concert Hall has a capacity of 1,900, 150 of
which are standing places, and was the largest
concert hall in Northern Europe when it was
inaugurated in 1956. The building, designed by
Hans Hansen and Frits Schlegel, will be renovated
in 2005 to enable it to continue to live up to the high
standard that its repertoire demands. The Hall will
reopen ultimo 2005.
Tivoli employs a total of 102 musicians to play in the Gardens'
three orchestras, the Tivoli Symphony Orchestra, the Tivoli
Promenade Orchestra and the Tivoli Big Band. The Tivoli
Boys Guard Band accounts for a further 50 boy musicians.
The founder of the New York City Ballet (NYCB), George
Balanchine, in Copenhagen Airport on the occasion of the
company's first visit to Tivoli in 1978. The NYCB has since
revisited Tivoli several times, most recently in 2003.
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C H R I S T M A S I N T I V O L I
18
The 'Christmas in Tivoli' tradition began in 1994, when the
Grønnegårds Teatret performed Dickens' 'Great Expectations' in
The Glass Hall Theatre. In this connection, Tivoli decided to place
stalls along the avenue leading from the main entrance to the
Glass Hall Theatre, and from these humble beginnings grew a
whole new Christmas tradition.
Admission to the Christmas market was free until 1997, when
341,000 people visited Tivoli at Christmas. Since then atten-
dance figures have exploded, with an average of 800,000 people
now visiting the Gardens during the festive season.
In the run-up to Christmas, Tivoli decks itself out in its winter
finery. It takes almost two months to prepare the 450,000 fairy
lights, 1,100 Christmas trees, 4.5 tons of wood chips, 60 stalls,
136 'Christmas elves' and an ice rink for the big Christmas influx.
The Tivoli ice rink was first set up in 1998, and since then, Tivoli
Gardens can boast of having Denmark's most romantic outdoor
ice rink – and perhaps the world's only floating rink.
The beautiful Christmas lights are the work of American designer
A Christmas tradition is born
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C H R I S T M A S I N T I V O L I
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John Loring, who also designed the Christmas lights on New
York's distinguished shopping street, Park Avenue. Hundreds of
thousands of lights sparkle in the willow trees around the Tivoli
Lake, while braziers and torches provide heat and light in the
winter darkness.
The 60 specially-designed Christmas stalls sell mulled wine,
Christmas delicacies, decorations and gifts. Most of Tivoli's
restaurants are also open at Christmas. In recent years, many
companies have opted to hold their Christmas parties in Tivoli,
which offers such traditional Danish Christmas fare as herring
and salmon, brawn and roast pork, cheese, rice pudding, and of
course beer and schnaps in large quantities.
The Tivoli electricians hang up around 15 km of fairy lights every
Christmas. The willows around The Tivoli Lake alone hold
300,000 sparkling lights, which it takes two electricians three
weeks to put up.
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C H R I S T M A S I N T I V O L I
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Christmas is a time for children, and nowhere more so than in
Tivoli. Most of the Gardens' amusements are open at Christ-
mas, plus three extra ones: the Elves' Train, the Music Carousel
and the Swing Carousel.
Father Christmas makes his daily rounds in the Gardens, while
a marquee on Plænen houses Elftown, a Christmas display fea-
turing 136 mechanical elves. Elftown is designed by Tivoli's
own architects, and has proved incredibly popular with children
and grown-ups alike.
There are animals for children to pat, and at the Musical Play-
ground near The Concert Hall, kids can imitate the popular Danish
percussion group Safri Duo, who began their career in The Tivoli
Boys Guard, while at the skating rink, they can play at being
skating princes and princesses on their own or hired skates.
There's also plenty of Christmas entertainment at Tivoli's two
indoor venues, The Glass Hall Theatre and The Concert Hall.
In The Glass Hall Theatre, Eventyrteatret (the 'Fairy-Tale
Theatre') performs a Christmas musical on weekend afternoons
with a cast of children, while in the evenings it's the turn of the
London Toast Theatre to entertain a more adult audience with
the year's Crazy Christmas Cabaret, performed in English.
In The Concert Hall, the Royal Theatre, in co-operation with Tivoli,
Christmas wonderlandfor children
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C H R I S T M A S I N T I V O L I
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presents the greatest Christmas ballet of them all, 'The Nut-
cracker'. This production of the Nutcracker, with Alexei Ratman-
sky's ingenious choreography and Mikael Melbye's fantastic set
design, received its first Christmas performance in Tivoli in 2001,
and has played to packed houses every year since then. Tickets
for performances in The Glass Hall Theatre or The Concert Hall
also provide admission to 'Christmas in Tivoli'.
It is not the first time that there has been skating on The Tivoli
Lake. In the 1870s, the Copenhagen Skating Association held
skating on the city moat, of which the Tivoli Lake is a remnant.
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G U E S T S I N T I V O L I
22
Diversity is the essence of Tivoli. From April to September, and
again from November until 23 December, the Gardens are visitedby young people, old people, families with children, business
executives and tourists, all coming to enjoy themselves and per-
haps to celebrate events like birthdays, weddings, anniversaries,
the last day of school, the end of the working day, blue Monday,
Midsummer Day, Christmas, etc.
Tivoli is also a cherished and natural excursion for foreign digni-
taries visiting Denmark, and the Danish royal family, too, likes to
celebrate in the Gardens. Queen Margrethe celebrated her 60th
birthday here in 2000, and the Gardens were also the setting for
little Prince Nikolai's 2nd birthday in 2001 and Prince Henrik's
70th birthday in 2004.
What people look for in Tivoli varies a lot from person to person.
Some guests come to enjoy themselves with Tivoli's old and new
amusements, some to dine at one of the Gardens' restaurants,
and others to enjoy the flowers and the special atmosphere forwhich Tivoli is famous around the world. Others again come to
see one of the many performances at the Gardens' venues.
A loyal group of regular customers are also members of the Tivoli
Club. The Tivoli Club was introduced in 1997, but various kinds
of season tickets have existed ever since 1845. The traditional
season ticket holder, an elderly, grey-haired lady, still exists, but a
cross-section of the subscribers is today every bit as diverse as
the visitors to the Gardens. Membership numbers have been
growing steadily since the Club's inception in 1997, and in the
2003 season, it had 230,000 members.
Meeting-place for the Danes
Visitors to Tivoli, by nationality:
Denmark (73%)
Sweden (13%)
Norway (3%)
Britain (2%)
Germany (2%)
Other (7%)
In Christmas 2003, Tivoli was host to the premiere of 'The Return
of the King' – the last of the three films based on Tolkien's trilogy,
'The Lord of the Rings'. Here we see Viggo Mortensen, who
starred in the film, and the director, Peter Jackson.
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G U E S T S I N T I V O L I
23
Including Tivoli Club members, about 73% of Tivoli's
summer guests are Danes and 27% are tourists, of which
the largest group are the Swedes, who comprise around
42% of the foreign guests.Most tourists come during Tivoli's high season,
which is more or less the same period as the
school summer holidays, i.e. from week
25-33. Saturday is the busiest day of
the week in Tivoli, closely followed
by Friday and Sunday, thanks to
Friday Rock and the wide
variety of Sunday entertain-
ment available for families
and children.
Denmark's EU chairmanship, which began on 1 July 2002, was
marked by dinner and a roller-coaster ride in Tivoli for the politi-
cians, including Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen, in
front, and Romano Prodi, Chairman of the European Commission.
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E N V I R O N M E N T
24
Although Tivoli is one of the oldest amusement parks in the
world, the Gardens are run as a modern company. In 1999, Tivoli
became the first amusement park in the world to become
environmentally certified to meet the international ISO 14001
standard, and since 1997, Tivoli has invested millions of Danish
kroner in environmental improvements.
It is no simple matter for a park to live up to environmental
standards when it is visited by more than four million guests for
just under seven months of the year – or to ensure that all staff
comply with Tivoli's environmental policy when the number of
employees swings from a couple of hundred off-season staff to
ten times that number during the season.
Neither must the environmental policy be allowed to spoil the
very special Tivoli atmosphere that the Garden's 115,000
incandescent bulbs help to create in summer, and that hundreds
of thousands of Tivoli Lights produce during Christmas in Tivoli.
Tivoli's lighting is not just wonderfully atmospheric – it is also
incredibly eco-friendly. Tivoli has developed its own eco-lamps
that use 5 and 15 watt bulbs, and the approximately 30,000
bulbs replaced annually are sent for recycling, so that the metal
in the screw section can be reused.
All waste from the park is sorted and recycled as far as possible;
food waste from the restaurants, for example, is recycled to pro-
duce biogas, and thereby heat. But the most visible aspect of
Tivoli's environmental policy for its guests is probably the re-
usable beakers used to dispense beer and soft drinks during the
outdoor rock concerts. The beakers are washed in a special
washing plant, and are used an average of five times each. Even
after two uses, a reusable beaker is already more eco-friendly
than a disposable cup.
Another environmental initiative worth mentioning is the reuse of
water from The Tivoli Lake everywhere in the park, for everything
from the water wheel of Færgekroen (the Ferry Boat Inn), to the
channels and streams of the Parterre Garden and the Japanese
Garden, the fountain at Den blå Safir (the Blue Sapphire) and the
'Swedish river'.
In 2000, Tivoli intro-
duced solar power as an
energy source for one of
its amusements – the
first amusement park in
Europe to do so.
Oasis for Copenhageners
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T H E C O M P A N Y
26
Tivoli's official name in Danish is 'Kjøbenhavns
Sommer-Tivoli A/S'. The A/S means that Tivoli
is a limited company – one of the oldest in
Denmark.
At its inception, Georg Carstensen set the
park's share capital at 50,000 rix-dollars, to be
obtained by issuing 2,000 shares at 25 rix-
dollars each, which could be bought either in
cash or as payment in kind, such as crafts-
men's services, fixtures or materials. As a result,
Tivoli's earliest shareholders included a large
number of service suppliers.
Today, the total share capital amounts to DKK 57.2 million, and
the largest shareholders are the ST Group at 32% of the share
capital, Chr. Augustinus Fabrikker at 25% and Danske Bank at
6%. The remainder of the shares, 37%, are owned by Tivoli's
approximately 16,000 private shareholders.
Since its foundation, Tivoli has maintained a constant momen-tum of change, while remaining faithful to Georg Carstensen's
original vision and love of fairy tales. The overall concept is to
develop the Gardens while respecting tradition, allowing Tivoli
to retain its special character and its loyal customers, but also
to attract new guests.
Behind thefairy tale
In recent years, sponsorships have also
become part of the financial basis for the
Gardens' existence and its future development.
Mazda thus sponsors the Demon, Coca Cola
sponsors Friday Rock, and Danisco is sponsor
for The Pantomime Theatre. The sponsorship
department's slogan is "Be part of the fairy
tale", and that is precisely what sponsors do when they sign a
sponsorship contract with Tivoli Gardens.
Tivoli is also a familiar brand name around the world, and has been
a source of inspiration to many people and creations over the
years. This where Hans Christian Andersen got the idea for his fairy
tale "The Nightingale" in 1843, and where Walt Disney drew his
inspiration for Disneyland in the 1950s. A couple of Japanese civilservants became so enthusiastic about the Gardens that they built
an almost exact copy of Tivoli in Kurashiki near Osaka in 1997, with
help from Tivoli International and the Tivoli Design Studio.
Christmas in Tivoli has also inspired a Swedish and a Dutch
amusement park to introduce Christmas opening.
The Sahva Foundation, Vanførefonden (the Danish Foundation of Physi-
cal Disability) and Fonden Realdania (the Danish Foundation for the
Built Environment) collaborate with Tivoli to make the Gardens more
accessible to disabled people. This partnership has resulted in theinvestment of at least DKK 12 million in improved accessibility from
2003 to 2005. In the first year, the accessibility of
the Mountain Roller-Coaster, dating from 1914, was
improved with the help of an elevator tower.
Five-year attendance figures Summer season
(Christmas in Tivoli)
3 ,
1 0 0 ,
0 0 0
( 6 3 0 ,
0 0 0 )
3 ,
2 0 0 ,
0 0 0
( 9 0 3 ,
0 0 0 )
3 ,
0 0 0 ,
0 0 0
( 8 2 0 ,
0 0 0 )
2 ,
9 6 2 ,
0 0 0
( 8 0 3 ,
0 0 0 )
3 ,
2 6 0 ,
0 0 0
( 8 3 0 ,
0 0 0 )
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Since 1996, Tivoli's managing director has been Lars Liebst. In addition to his
position in Tivoli, he is also chairman of the Danish Arts Council and occupies
a number of directorships, including at Magasin Du Nord, Kilroy A/S and the
Confederation of Danish Industries.
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T H E C O M P A N Y
27
Tivoli International
In 1988, the widespread international interest in the Tivoli concept
encouraged the company to found a subsidiary, Tivoli International,
to market internationally Tivoli's know-how in the design, develop-
ment and operation of Tivoli parks, often in co-operation with local
investors. The original idea was that these parks would implement
Tivoli's name, concept and brand, and would be run according to
agreements with Tivoli in Copenhagen. The Tivoli park in Kurashiki,
Japan, is the first and, up till now, the only example of this.Today, Tivoli International functions both as a project developer
and as a consultant in the development and operation of both
Tivoli-branded and non-branded amusement parks, and offers a
more flexible product on the basis of Tivoli's fundamental values:
breadth of appeal, quality and tradition.
Most recently, Tivoli International has begun to market the unique
Christmas in Tivoli concept abroad. Tivoli was the first amusement
park in the world to introduce a Christmas market.
Tivoli Artist Management
As a large-scale employer of performing artists, it was an obvious
move for Tivoli to form the agency Tivoli Teatret ('Tivoli Theatre') in
1964, now Tivoli Artist Management (TAM). The purpose of the
company is to operate a booking and management agency for
Danish and international artists.
TAM also organises tours and guest performances for ensembles
and orchestras both at home and abroad, and as agent for a wide
range of Danish artists, TAM plays a role in publicising Danish
music and artists internationally.
Besides acting as agent for a number of Danish and international artists,
Tivoli Artist Management also makes the arrangements when private indivi-
duals wish to hire a genuine Tivoli firework display from the Tivoli pyrotech-
nics factory in Roskilde.
Walt Disney was a great admirer of Tivoli, and visited the Gardens
on several occasions in the nineteen-fifties and sixties. Here he is
seen in front of the Chinese Tower in 1961. Photo: Scanpix
At the turn of the year in 1991/92, Tivoli acquired its own grounds for
DKK 240 million. Up till then Tivoli had rented the site, originally from
the Ministry of Defence, and later from Copenhagen Municipality.
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