Welcome to WED 401Welcome to WED 401

Authoring Computer-Based Authoring Computer-Based Instruction in Workforce EducationInstruction in Workforce Education

Lesson 1: What is online Lesson 1: What is online learning?learning?

Student is elsewhereStudent is elsewhereResourcesResourcesInteraction is the coreInteraction is the coreInternet, Web, ComputersInternet, Web, Computers

Computers

WWW -- Web

INTERNET

InternetInternet

Massive network of networksMassive network of networksConnects millions of computers globallyConnects millions of computers globally Info travels via variety of languages Info travels via variety of languages

(protocols)(protocols)Protocols – email, FTP, Telnet, Usenet News, Protocols – email, FTP, Telnet, Usenet News,

htmlhtml

WWWWWW

System of Internet serversSystem of Internet servers Information-sharing model built on topInformation-sharing model built on topUses HTTP protocolUses HTTP protocolUtilizes browsersUtilizes browsersLink collection of documents from Link collection of documents from

computers connected to the internet computers connected to the internet Each piece of information made available Each piece of information made available

to Internet is given web address - URL to Internet is given web address - URL

Growth of Online LearningGrowth of Online Learning

Technologies of Internet Technologies of Internet Internet is like a giant multimedia Internet is like a giant multimedia

CD-ROM that doesn’t require any CD-ROM that doesn’t require any special hardwarespecial hardware

May need to purchase softwareMay need to purchase software

FutureFutureMore stabilityMore stabilityTechnology is not invisible yetTechnology is not invisible yetOnline instructional design Online instructional design Standards & credibilityStandards & credibilityIs online learning a fad?Is online learning a fad?

Components of InstructionComponents of Instruction

•Explanation•Demonstration•Practice•Feedback•Assessment

Greatest strength of Greatest strength of online learning?online learning?

Educators discovered that Educators discovered that communication and interaction are communication and interaction are more important than the vehicle for more important than the vehicle for transmitting course content. transmitting course content.

Advantages of Online LearningAdvantages of Online Learning

Anywhere/anytime phenomenon & Anywhere/anytime phenomenon & changing face of studentschanging face of students

Extended learning opportunitiesExtended learning opportunitiesCollaborative learning environmentsCollaborative learning environmentsStudent responsibility & interactionStudent responsibility & interaction Interactivity with contentInteractivity with content

Anywhere/AnytimeAnywhere/Anytime

Traditional students are enrollingTraditional students are enrollingLife-long learningLife-long learningHomebound student – W3CHomebound student – W3C

Advantages of Online LearningAdvantages of Online Learning

World Wide Consortium’s World Wide Consortium’s

Web Accessibility InitiativeWeb Accessibility Initiative

American with Disabilities Act [ADA]

(Differently abled people)

ADA ADA

Harris Poll survey found that Harris Poll survey found that Americans differently-abled Americans differently-abled

spend twice as much time on spend twice as much time on Internet as those without Internet as those without

disabilities.disabilities.

Section 508Section 508

Requires Federal agencies Requires Federal agencies accessibilityaccessibility

Eliminates barriersEliminates barriersDoesn’t apply to private Doesn’t apply to private

agenciesagencies

W3CW3C

World Wide Web ConsortiumWorld Wide Web Consortium

Universal AccessUniversal Access Semantic WebSemantic Web Trustworthy WebTrustworthy Web InteroperabilityInteroperability

W3CW3C

World Wide Web ConsortiumWorld Wide Web Consortium

• EvolvabilityEvolvability• DecentralizationDecentralization• Cooler MultimediaCooler Multimedia

This yearThis year20052005

• Increased use of multimediaIncreased use of multimedia• E-learningE-learning• Internal blogsInternal blogs• MobileMobile

Bad things on Bad things on Web pagesWeb pages

Underlined items that are not linkedUnderlined items that are not linkedPicture that user thinks should be linkedPicture that user thinks should be linkedTyposTyposAdvertisementAdvertisementToo much scrollingToo much scrolling

Bad things on Bad things on Web pagesWeb pages

No way to make contactNo way to make contact Slow loadsSlow loads Long pagesLong pages Music user can’t turn offMusic user can’t turn off Outdated information Outdated information Blinking thingsBlinking things

How to juggleHow to juggle

Assessing an Assessing an Online SourcesOnline Sources

AuthorshipAuthorshipPublisherPublisherCurrencyCurrencyPerspectivePerspectiveCoverageCoverageAccuracyAccuracyVerifiabilityVerifiability

Distance EducationDistance EducationDistance learningDistance learning

Virtual learningVirtual learning

Cyber learningCyber learning

E-learningE-learning

Computer-based learningComputer-based learning

Open learningOpen learning

Distributed learningDistributed learning

Blended-e-learningBlended-e-learning

Hybrid learningHybrid learning

Independent studyIndependent study

Wired learningWired learning

Just-In-Time learningJust-In-Time learning

Multi-media based Multi-media based learninglearning

Asynchronous learningAsynchronous learning

Synchronous learningSynchronous learning

Flexible learningFlexible learning

Extended learningExtended learning

Collaborative Learning Collaborative Learning EnvironmentsEnvironments

AtmosphereAtmosphereFoundation Foundation Communication Communication Technology Technology

Gender & RaceGender & Race

FemalesFemalesPoor formulated Poor formulated

ideasideasIgnorance about Ignorance about

subjectsubjectFear appearing Fear appearing

unintelligent to unintelligent to peerspeers

Reasons for Reasons for silence during silence during times of times of interactioninteraction

InteractionInteraction

Increase student responsibility & Increase student responsibility & interactioninteraction

Learner-centeredLearner-centeredAndragogy not pedagogyAndragogy not pedagogyActive learning not passiveActive learning not passive

What are Issues?What are Issues?

Lack of quantitative, longitudinal researchLack of quantitative, longitudinal researchTranslationTranslation Intellectual property rightsIntellectual property rightsAccessibility, Feasibility & Usability Accessibility, Feasibility & Usability Student retentionStudent retentionTechnology vs. teachingTechnology vs. teaching

Lack of quantitative, Lack of quantitative, longitudinal researchlongitudinal research

Online learning is questionableOnline learning is questionableFaculty not readyFaculty not readyStudent fearStudent fearQuality of interaction between student & Quality of interaction between student &

instructorinstructorDifferent learning styles of studentDifferent learning styles of studentCostCost

Lost in Lost in Translation?Translation?

Clear & Concise Clear & Concise LanguageLanguage

JargonJargonGlossary of termsGlossary of termsBreak content into small, easily read Break content into small, easily read

‘chunks’‘chunks’Audio tracks should be simple & Audio tracks should be simple &

clearclearUse your own wordsUse your own words

Expert NavigationExpert Navigation ““Click here to link Click here to link

Internet” instead of Internet” instead of “click”“click”

Use graphic with Use graphic with instructionsinstructions

““Ahead to Tips for Ahead to Tips for Quality” is better than Quality” is better than vague “Next.”vague “Next.”

Tips by Rick Levine Tips by Rick Levine Developer of the Sun Microsystems Developer of the Sun Microsystems Guide to Web StyleGuide to Web Style

Title header on each page  Title header on each page      Include document & chapter Include document & chapter

headings & subheadingsheadings & subheadings Brief table of contents Brief table of contents     Avoid “Back” or “Return” Avoid “Back” or “Return” Provide a search serviceProvide a search service

AvoidAvoidDistracting animations Distracting animations Dead linksDead linksOversized graphicsOversized graphicsSplash screensSplash screensCountersCountersPage under constructionPage under construction

Intellectual property rightsIntellectual property rights

Do institutional administrators have the right Do institutional administrators have the right to sell the materials created by instructors to sell the materials created by instructors

for online courses to another school?for online courses to another school?

Intellectual property rightsIntellectual property rights

Section 101 1976 Copyright Act Section 101 1976 Copyright Act

Work for HireWork for Hire

1.1. Created by employee in scope of his/her Created by employee in scope of his/her employment, or employment, or

2.2. Specially-commissioned work subject to Specially-commissioned work subject to written contract between two parties & written contract between two parties & agreed to as work for hireagreed to as work for hire

Most faculty teaching & researchMost faculty teaching & researchdo not fall under “work for hire”do not fall under “work for hire”

but tend to be covered by:but tend to be covered by:

1.1. Signed agreements between individual Signed agreements between individual faculty members and institutions faculty members and institutions

2.2. University intellectual property policy University intellectual property policy

3.3. Collective bargaining agreements Collective bargaining agreements between university & facultybetween university & faculty

Student retentionStudent retention

Older students get lostOlder students get lostYounger students become overwhelmedYounger students become overwhelmedFaculty struggle with …Faculty struggle with …Administration is happyAdministration is happySupport personnel are taxedSupport personnel are taxed

Technology vs. TeachersTechnology vs. Teachers

Would money spent on technology be Would money spent on technology be better spent on retraining teachers?better spent on retraining teachers?

Is technology really making a difference Is technology really making a difference in how well our students learn?in how well our students learn?

Is reassessment of our teaching Is reassessment of our teaching practices in how we apply them to practices in how we apply them to technology important?technology important?

Practice for WebCT QuizPractice for WebCT Quiz

Web addressWeb addressModels of educationModels of education InternetInternetCMSCMSDesign of online coursesDesign of online courses