Welcome !!! Watumull Institute,...

Welcome !!!

Watumull Institute, Worli

Academic Year 2014-2015

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 1

Mr. Samadhan P. Deshmukh

Currently working as Assistant Professor in

Watumull Institute, Worli, Mumbai from Sept

2009. (5 Years in this Institute)

Worked with Saraswati College of Engineering,

Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, as Lecturer for 6 Months

(From Mar 2009 to Sept 2009)

Worked with Infosys Technologies Limited, Mysore

as Software Engineer (Trainee) for 6 Months

(From Sept 2008 to Mar 2009)


Completed Master of Engineering (M. E.) in Mechanical

Engineering from Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering,

Kopar Khairane, Navi Mumbai.

(University of Mumbai Topper)

Completed Bachelor of Engineering (B. E.) in

Mechanical Engineering from Rajarambapu Institute of

Technology (RIT), Sakharale. (Shivaji University)

(Distinction in all Semesters, Final year 2nd Topper)

Completed H. S. C. from K. J. Somaiya College of Sci. &

Comm., Vidyavihar, Mumbai

Published 5* research papers in International

Journals/Conferences.


First Year Engg.

And

Semester Pattern


Sr. No. Subject Theory Internal Tw Oral Total

1 AM-I 80 20 25 ------ 125

2 AP-I 60 15 25 ------ 100

3 AC-I 60 15 25 ------ 100

4 EM 80 20 25 25 150

5 BEE 80 20 25 25 150

6 EVS 60 15 ----- ------ 75

7 WS ------ ------ 50 ------ 50

Total 420 105 175 50 750


Examination and Evaluation

• Exam conducted by University of

Mumbai

• Assessment

• Internal Test

• ATKT Rule

• Average Passing Percentage


Grading System

Subject

Final Theory Exam Internal Exam

Max.

Marks

Passing

Marks Test 1 Test 2

Average

Marks

(Test 1 & 2)

App. Maths 80 32 20 20 08

Engg.

Mechanics 80 32 20 20 08

BEE 80 32 20 20 08

App.

Physics 60 24 15 15 06

App.

Chemistry 60 24 15 15 06

EVS 60 24 15 15 06


Grading System

Marks in % Grade Grade Point Remark

80.00 O 10 Outstanding

75 to 79.99 A 9 Excellent

70 to 74.99 B 8 Very Good

60 to 69.99 C 7 Good

50 to 59.99 D 6 Fair

45 to 49.99 E 5 Average

40 to 44.99 P 4 Poor

Below 40 F 0 Fail


Credit System

Subject Credit

(Theory)

Credit

(Tw /Pr)

Credit

(Tut) Total

App. Maths 04 00 01 05

Engg. Mechanics 05 01 00 06

BEE 04 01 00 05

App. Physics 03 0.5 00 3.5

App. Chemistry 03 0.5 00 3.5

EVS 02 00 00 02

Workshop 00 02 00 02

Total 21 05 01 27


Passing Criteria

Students should secure at least 40% marks in

theory exam and 40% marks in Internal Tests

separately.

E.g. Engineering Mechanics (80 Marks paper )

i. 32 + 08 = 40 (Pass)

ii. 46 + 06 = 52 (Fail)

iii. 30 + 20 = 50 (Fail )

iv. 50 + 00 = 50 (Pass)


Environmental

Studies


Environmental

Studies


Why to learn

EVS???


Videos…

Global warming animation.mp4

Save Earth, Save Life.mp4


../../Videos/1.1 global warming animation.mp4

../../Videos/1.2 Save Earth, Save Life.mp4

Marking Scheme

Theory paper : 60 marks (2 Hrs)

Minimum passing marks : 24

Internal Exam: 15 marks

Minimum passing marks : 06

(Average of Test 1 and Test 2)

No Term work


Question Paper Pattern

Total questions : Six

Solve any Four

Each questions carries 15 marks

Q1 is compulsory (Entire Syllabus)

From Q 2 to Q 6 , Solve any Three

Mixed in nature (Three sub-questions)



Reference Books

Textbook of Environmental studies by Erach

Bharucha, University Press

Perspective Of Environmental Studies, by Kaushik

and Kaushik, New Age International

Environmental Studies by Benny Joseph, Tata

McGraw Hill

Environmental Studies by Jayshree Parikh


Environmental Studies

* • Introduction

1 • Multidisciplinary Nature of Envt.

2 • Sustainable Development

3 • Environmental Pollution

4 • Environmental Legislation

5 • Renewable Sources of Energy

6 • Environment & Technology


Chapter 1

“The Multidisciplinary Nature of

Environmental Studies”


Things to be learned…

Definition

Scope and Importance

Need for Public Awareness

Depleting Nature of Environmental resources

Global Environmental Crisis

Ecosystem: Concept, Classification, Structure

Food chain, Food web and Ecological Pyramid


Environment ???

Sum of all living and non-living components.

Living components

Non-Living components


Environment Studies

It is an applied science that seeks practical

answers to the question of sustainable human

civilization.

Application of scientific methods and principles

to the study of environmental issues.


Types of Environment

Natural environment

Man-Made environment


Segments of Environment

Atmosphere

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere

Biosphere


Structure of Atmosphere

1. Troposphere (0-12 km)

2. Stratosphere (12-50 km)

3. Mesosphere (50-80 km)

4. Thermosphere (80-320 km)


Multidisciplinary Nature???

Deals with every issue that affects living organisms-

Biology

Chemistry

Computers

Economics

Engineering

Geology

Health

Philosophy

Physics

Sociology

Statistics etc…


Objective

To make public aware about importance of

protection and conservation of environment

Awareness, Attitude, Action


Scope

Use of environment for betterment

Industrial development and agricultural

products

Resources like water, landscape, air.

Research and Development

Green Marketing

Green Media


Reasons For Significance…

International Importance of Envt Issues

Development Problems

Increase of Population

Need for an Alternative solutions

Need to save Humanity from Extinction

Need for Wise Planning of Development


Importance

Productive use value

Consumptive use value

Social value

Aesthetic value

Option value of nature


Products:-

Fire Wood & Timber.


Fruits.


Gums and resins.

Herbs & drugs.


Some Challenges Ahead…

Growing Population

Development and forests

Poverty

Agricultural Growth

Need for Ground Water

Degradation of Land

Air And Water Pollution

Reduction of Genetic Diversity


Need for Public Awareness

To inspire every citizen to use resources with

care and protect them from degradation.

To explain concept of environmental

degradation and to identify various factors

causing environmental degradation.

To explain concept of sustainable development.

It is clear that no citizen of the earth can afford

to be ignorant of environment issues.


Methods / Ways of Creating Public Awareness

Decreasing degradation of resources

Protection of environment than cleaning

up


Reduce wastage of natural resources

Promoting responsible action through

mass media, through decision makers.

Joining NGOs, public involvement.

Join local movements (march, street plays)


Space occupied by same number of people

In cars, In a bus, and on bicycles

Demonstration on main street:- How much space cars take

compared to buses/bicycles to transport the same number of people


Video…

Videos\Protect Our Environment.mp4

..\Videos\1.3 save our environment.mp4

Minus One.ppt


../../Videos/1.4 Protect Our Environment.mp4



../../Videos/1.3 save our environment.mp4





../../Videos/Minus One.ppt

Institutions in Environment BNHS (Mumbai, 1883)

WWF-I, Mumbai (1969) Now @ New Delhi)

Center for Science and Environment (New Delhi)

BSI ,Calcutta (1890). Reopened in 1954

ZSI ,Calcutta (1916)

Salim Ali Center, Coimbatore

Kalpavriksha, Pune (NGO)

Bharati Vidyapeeth Inst Of Envt Edu & Research

NEERI


People in Environment

Charles Darwin

Ralph Emerson

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.

Wrote “Origin of Species” Dangers of commerce to Envt

42

Al Gore S. P. Godrej


Global Warming Documentary,

Noble peace prize in 2007

Wild life Conservation,

10 National Awards

43

Medha Patkar Sunderlal Bahuguna


Works for Tribal People “Chipko Movement”

44


Depletion of Forest Resources

Causes, Effects, Solutions

Depletion of Water Resources


Depletion of Mineral Resources


Depletion of Soil Resources



Depletion of Forest Resources

1/3rd of worlds land area is forested

USSR accounts for 5th of world forests,

Brazil 7th, Canada & USA for 6-7 %

India = 21.02 % of total land area

Use-

Protective Functions

Regulative Functions (Ecological)

Productive Functions (Commercial)


Causes of Deforestation

Shifting cultivation

Demand of wood for fuel

Raw material for industries

Increasing Human population

Construction of roads

Forest Fires

Mining and dams

Overgrazing


Effects of Deforestation

Decreased rainfall

Draught


Soil erosion


Flood


Extinction of plants and animals

Regional and Global climate change


Forest Conservation and Management

Reforestation

Alternative source of energy for cooking

Protection from fire

Grazing of cattle's should be banned

Irrigation

Tissue culture

Disease and pest management


Water Resources


About 97 % of earths surface covered by

water

Out of total water reserves 97.4 % is salty

water and 2.6 % is fresh water

Use:-

Drinking, irrigation, washing, disposal of

industrial waste, as a coolant in thermal

power plants etc…


Depletion of Water Resources

55

Causes of Depletion

Water Availability

Water withdrawal - Excessive irrigation


Groundwater Depletion

Water Pollution

Oil Spills

Factories and Refineries

Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers


Causes of Depletion

57

Effects of Depletion

Drying up of wells- Lowering water

table

Reduction in streams and lakes

Deterioration of Water Quality

Increased Pumping cost


Mineral Resources


Naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline

solids having definite composition

Use and over-exploitation

Environment effects of extracting and using

mineral resources

Gems That Complete Our World.


Generally found in form of ores.

Is of great importance to mankind and used for

manufacture of useful products.

Earlier use of minerals in form of pigments.

Now days are used for manufacture of both

scientific and general purpose products.

Ranging from toothpaste to automobile batteries.

Also used as fluxes in metallurgy for separation of

different elements.


Uses

Metallic and non metallic minerals

Industries, construction, Housing

Consumer goods, Energy generation

Aircrafts (Aluminium), Communication system

Coins (Nickel)

Jewellery (Gold, silver)

Fertilizers, insecticides (Phosphorous, sulphur)


Mines

Mining is a process of extraction of valuable minerals from earth or from a ore body.

Materials recovered by mining include base metals , precious ones, diamonds even oil shale, rock salt and potash.

In a wider sense comprises extraction of any non-renewable resource(e.g petroleum, natural gas even water).


Effects of Mineral Depletion

Increasing cost of Fossil fuels, oil etc

More efforts to drill, results in

environmental abuse

Subsidence of land

Mining pollution, Health hazards

Groundwater contamination


Depletion of Soil Resources

Land as resource

Land degradation

Landslides

Soil erosion

Desertification


Global Environmental Crisis

Population

Water

Sanitation

Land


Population


Population :-

Group of individuals of species occupying a

definite geographic area at a given time


Population Growth

Global Population Growth-

Year Population (in billions)

1700 0.6

1850 1

1930 2

1960 3

1987 5

2000 6.1

2050 9.1


First 10 largest countries (Projected for 2050)

Sr. No. Country Population (In Millions)

1 India 1628

2 China 1369

3 United States 404

4 Indonesia 312

5 Nigeria 304

6 Pakistan 285

7 Brazil 244

8 Bangladesh 211

9 Ethiopia 188

10 Congo 182


Continued…


Industrial Revolution

Infrastructure

Water

Energy

Transportation

Increased Productivity

Nutrition

Sanitation

Medicine


Problems related to Population

Shortage of Natural resources

Poor management of resources

Shortage of Healthcare services

Disturbing demographic structure of

area


Videos…

..\..\Videos\7.1 Human Population Growth.flv

..\..\Videos\7.2 The Effects of Overpopulation.flv

..\..\Videos\Population Problems.flv


../../Videos/7.1 Human Population Growth.flv







../../Videos/7.2 The Effects of Overpopulation.flv







../../Videos/Population Problems.flv







Water

Very much important to life, no one survive without

it

No substitute to water

Most critical limiting factor for many aspects of life:-

Economic Growth, Environmental Stability

Bio-diversity Conservation

Food Security, Health Care

1/4th World population have NO ACCESS to safe

drinking water.


Water Crisis

On average globally 70 % of water withdrawn

for agriculture

In India 93 % of water withdrawn for

agriculture

Kuwait uses only 4 % for crop lands

On average globally 25 % of water used for

industrial purpose.

Conflicts of water- Inter state and international


Sanitation

In India lack of adequate sanitation in rural

area

Out of 108 households, 14 households have NO

sanitation in urban area.

Of the 2.5 billion people in world that defecate

openly, 665 million live in India

88 % deaths from Diarrhea occur due to poor

hygiene, inadequate sanitation


Flush Toilets→ Not possible to provide→

Scarcity of Water

Ecological Toilets→ Practical, hygienic, cost-

effective

Effect on environment

Health impact


Land

Area of Earth =140 million sq.km

Vital for our Existence on it

Preserves Terrestrial Biodiversity

Regulates Water & Carbon Cycles

Stores Basic Resources - Groundwater, Minerals, Fossil

Fuels

Dump for solid & Liquid Waste

Basis for Settlements and Transport / Migration

Activities



Ecosystem


Things to be learned…

Concept and Classification of Ecosystem

Structure and functions of Ecosystem

Producers, Consumers, Decomposers

Food chains, Food webs, Ecological pyramids


What is an Ecosystem?

Term proposed by British ecologist A. G. Tansley in

1935. Consisting of all Plants, Animals and Micro-

organisms

Region with Specific and Recognizable landscape form.

An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between all

living and non-living things.

Eco = The Environment

System = Regularly interacting and interdependent

components forming a unified whole.


Ecosystem = An Ecological system

An Ecosystem Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 84

What is an Ecology?

The branch of biology that deals with the

relations of organisms to one another and to their

physical surroundings.

The study of the interaction of people with their

environment.

EVS Videos\Ecology Introduction.mp4


EVS Videos/Ecology Introduction.mp4

../../Videos/3.1 Ecology Introduction.mp4











Fundamental Characteristics of Ecosystem

Structural

Living /Biotic

Non-living

/Abiotic

Inorganic components

Organic components

Climatic Regimes

Functional

Energy cycles

Food chains

Diversity

Nutrient cycles

Evolution


Structure:

Living/Biotic ( Plants, Animals and Micro-

organisms )

Non-living/ Abiotic (soil, climate, water and light )

Inorganic components - C,N,CO2

Organic components - Proteins, Fats

Climatic Regimes - Temp, Moisture

Macro and Micro consumers


On the basis of particular type of habitat, they are divided as:

Various Types of Ecosystems


Terrestrial Ecosystem

Forest

Grassland

Desert


Fresh

Water

• Running water

• Streams, Rivers

• Standing water

• Lakes, ponds

Marine

Water

• Deep sea

• Oceans

Aquatic Ecosystem


Components of Ecosystem

Abiotic components:

1. Abiotic components are non - living chemical & physical factors in the environment.

2. They practically provides all the energy for ecosystems.

Biotic components:

1. Producers

2. Consumers

3. Decomposers


Examples of Producers

Grasses

Shrubs

Trees


Examples of Consumers

Herbivores


Carnivores


Omnivores


Decomposers Feed on organic compounds of dead or living plants

and animals for food and energy

Breakdown products & release inorganic compounds

(nutrients) in the ecosystem, making them available

again to producers.


“ The transfer of energy and nutrients through a

series of organisms with repeated process of

eating and being eaten”.

All the organisms are linked together with one

another by food relationship.

Each organism living or dead is potential food for

some other organism.

Food Chain



Food web Interlocking pattern of several interlinked food chains is

termed as FOOD WEB.


Ecological Pyramids

The relationship between producers, consumers and

decomposers at different tropic levels in an ecosystem.

Pyramid represents decrease in amount of energy,

number of organisms and biomass from producers to

higher level consumers.

Types of pyramid –

1. Pyramid of Energy

2. Pyramid of Numbers

3. Pyramid of Biomass


Grasses

Snakes, Frogs,

Birds etc.

Cows Sheep,

Deer, Rabbit

Trees

Lion, Tiger,

etc.

Elephant, Deer etc.

Carnivores

Herbivores

Producers

Phytoplankton's

Fish etc.

Zooplanktons

Carnivores

Herbivores

Producers


Grassland Ecosystem Forest Ecosystem

Pond Ecosystem

101

The occurrence of definite sequence of

communities over a period of time in same area.

A process through which ecosystems tends to

change, over a period of time

A change in the community in which new

populations of organisms gradually replace

existing ones.

Can be related to environmental changes.

Ecological Succession


Three stages-

1. Pioneer stage

2. Serial stage

3. Climax stage

E.g. Pond Ecosystem

Ecological Succession


Examples of Primary

Succession


Example of Secondary Succession


Basic Things To Remember About Ecosystems-

What is the nature / type of an ecosystem?

What are its structure and functions?

Who uses the ecosystems and for what purpose?

How is ecosystem degraded?

What can be done to protect it from deteriorating

in the long time? How can the ecosystem be

conserved?


..\Videos\10 ways to GO GREEN.mp4


../../Videos/10 ways to GO GREEN.mp4






Thank You…


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