Welcome, WHAP! Thursday, Feb. 1, 2018

Today we are analyzing the Seven Years War and the American Revolution. Be ready to take some notes!

What do you know about the Seven Years’ War?

Seven Years’ War: Background● In the 1600s, Austria and Prussia rose to power in Central Europe

○ Austria- ruled by the Hapsburgs- wanted to increase its power○ Prussia- ruled by the Hohenzollerns- became militarized

● Prussia wanted Silesia for resources (including iron ore)- sent army to occupy Silesia in 1740- this started the War of Austrian Succession

● Austria (allied w/Britain) lost Silesia to Prussia (allied w/ France)- Prussia became stronger

● Alliances switched after the war- Austria became allied w/ France and Russia, Prussia became allied w/ Britain

● 1756- Prussia attacked Saxony (Austrian ally) ● This led to the SEVEN YEARS WAR (1756-1763)

Seven Years’ War● Considered the first global war● Mainly featured Britain and France fighting each other in Europe, North

America, the Caribbean, West Africa, and India for land and trading ability○ North America- conflict was generally called the French and Indian War

● In the end, resulted in the British victorious over the French○ British gained French colonies in North America○ British gained more influence and trading ability in the Caribbean, West Africa, and India

*However, this British victory came at a cost!

American Revolution: ContextWhat things led to the American Revolution?

American Revolution: ContextThings that led to the American Revolution:

● Britain had a heavy debt burden from Seven Years’ War- passed responsibility on to the American colonists (new taxes)

● Colonists had been largely left alone for years (Salutary Neglect)- were used to a great degree of self-rule

● Britain tried to tighten rule on colonies- Americans resisted● Inspired by Enlightenment ideals- became framed as a struggle for liberty

against an oppressor● Also inspired by previous English history- limited the king (progressive

political change)● No taxation w/o representation!● King George III did not listen to colonists’ complaints- seen as a tyrant

Emergence of the United States● 1776: Americans declare independence● 1776-1781: Revolutionary War- France

joined in 1778 to help fight the British (why?)

● 1781: United States of America free from the British- forms its own govt

● 1781-1787: Articles of Confederation (America’s first form of national govt)- weak national govt (this was intentional- why?)

● 1787: Constitution adopted

Effects of the American RevolutionWhat are the lasting effects of the American Revolution?

Effects of the American RevolutionEffects of the American Revolution:

● USA is an independent nation● Britain loses the 13 colonies- looks to gain imperial influence

elsewhere● Successful rebellion by Americans influences other

revolutions- French, Haitian, Latin American● Spread of Enlightenment influence ● USA seen as influential for years to come

Reflection QuestionWhat influenced the government of the United States that we still have today?

Reflection QuestionThe government style of the USA (democratic republic, or representative democracy) was influenced by:

● Ancient Athens- Democracy● Ancient Rome- Republic● England- Common Law, limits on the executive, lawmaking body

(Parliament), English Bill of Rights● Enlightenment ideas (protected rights, separation of powers, popular

sovereignty, etc)

Influence of the Enlightenment in the USA

ENLIGHTENMENT IDEA WHERE CAN YOU SEE THIS IN THE US?

“A government’s power comes from the consent of the governed” (popular sovereignty) (Locke)

Separation of powers (Montesquieu)

Direct democracy (Rousseau)

Free speech, religious toleration (Voltaire)

Accused have rights, no torture (Beccaria)

Influence of the Enlightenment in the USA

ENLIGHTENMENT IDEA WHERE CAN YOU SEE THIS IN THE US?

“A government’s power comes from the consent of the governed” (popular sovereignty) (Locke)

Voting

Separation of powers (Montesquieu) Constitution (separate branches of government)- each has checks on the other

Direct democracy (Rousseau) Town hall meetings- situations where people can vote on issues directly

Free speech, religious toleration (Voltaire) Bill of Rights (1st Amendment)

Accused have rights, no torture (Beccaria) Bill of Rights (7th and 8th Amendments)

WHAP HW● Read the article on “Myths of

the American Revolution” (On the website)

● Read about the French Revolution (Ch. 16 pp. 787-792)

● *Remember, the Enlightenment Philosopher Social Media Profile assignment is due on MONDAY!