Well Construction Technology Efficiencies - IEA...

Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov

Stephen Bauer Sandia National Laboratories

representingU.S. Department of Energy

SAND2013-7545

2013 IEA-GIA / EDC Joint Seminar Taal Vista Hotel, Tagaytay, Philippines

21 September 2013

Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned

subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration

under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Well Construction Technology Efficiencies - Research Efforts of the United States Department of Energy,

Geothermal Technologies

Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.goveere.energy.gov

Presentation Objective

� Provide an overview of US DOE well construction research and introduce Annex VII

� Broad portfolio – Description necessarily incomplete

� Examples are provided but biased by presenter’s affiliation


EGS Cost Analysis –Well Construction Costs

Well cost (%) breakdown by task.

SAND2008-7866 (2008)

Well construction task time percentages.

Research Portfolio Intended to Address Major Cost Drivers

Drilling

Drilling

Trip

Trip

Cement

Cement

BHA

BHA

Casing


� Pressure/Temperature Gradient Induced Drilling (Los Alamos

National Lab)

� Microholes with Abrasive Slurry Jet Technology (Impact

Technologies, LLC)

� Stinger Enhanced Bits (Novatek, Inc.)

� Wear-Resistant NanoComposite Coatings (Oak Ridge National

Lab)

� HT Directional Drilling Systems (Baker Hughes, Inc. )

� Field Trials of Drilling Systems (Sandia National Labs)

� HT Auto Indexers for DTHH (Sandia National Labs)

� HT Downhole Motors (Sandia National Labs)

Drilling Technologies


� Casing Material Corrosion/Erosion Studies (Oak Ridge

National Lab)

� Improved Geothermal Cements (Trabits Group)

� Multi-Function Cement For Geothermal Wells – Self

Degrading and Expandable Cements (Brookhaven National

Lab)

� Expandable Casing for HT Wells (Geothermal Expandables)

Casing and Cementing


� HT/HP Gel for Lost Circulation Control (Clean Tech Innovations,

LLC)

� Temporary Sealer to Address Fluid Loss (Brookhaven National

Lab)

� Geopolymer Sealing Materials (Brookhaven National Lab)

� Consumable Structural Elements/Packers (Sandia National Labs)

� Temporary Bridging Agents (CSI Technologies, LLC)

� Perforating Systems (Schlumberger)

� Controlled Rapid Wellbore Pressurization (Sandia National Labs)

� Acoustic Borehole Imaging (Baker Hughes)

� HT PT Flow Tools (Perma Works, LLC)

Zonal Isolation / Completion


� HT MWD Components (Honeywell International, GE Global Research, Sandia National Labs)

� Super Critical PTC / Fluid Sampler (Sandia National Labs)

� HT Borehole Seismic Monitoring Tool (Sandia National Labs)

� HT Copper/Fiber Wireline (Draka Cableteq USA)

� HT Fiber Optic Data Transmission System (Sandia National Labs)

� MCM Development for HT Accelerometer Measurements (Sandia National Labs)

� SiC Sensor Technologies (UC Berkeley)

� HT Circuit Boards (CTD, Inc.)

� HT Neutron Imaging (Oak Ridge National Lab)

� Acoustic Sensors for Fluid Monitoring (Los Alamos National Lab)

� Far Field Downhole EM (Argonne National Lab)

Enabling Technologies


Field Trials of Drilling Systems

�Apply mature/proven rock

penetration systems used in

Oil & Gas/Minerals industry to

improve geothermal drilling

technology

� Partner with

� Ormat

� Navy Geothermal Program

� Barber Drilling

� National Oilwell Varco Reed Hycalog

� Atlas Copco

Sandia National Laboratories


DTTH Research

� Hammers are a very efficient

method to drill hard rock

� Current limitations in HT

Environment

� Working with DOE and Industrial

partners in HT hammers and down-

hole motors



Cements

� Corrosive-Resistant Foamed Cement Composites� Thermal shock resistant, self-healing, ductile,

corrosive resistant, thermally insulating cement

� Light weight (foam) cement capable of easy application.

� Protect the wellbore integrity against common

geothermal failure risks such as, thermal cycling,

thermal expansion, corrosion by H2S/carbonic acid.

� Compressive strength > 1000 psi, 200oC

� Self-Degradable Temporary Cementitious Sealers

� Developing a temporary cementitious sealer that is

degrades through a combination of high temperature

and water injection. Compressive strength >2000psi in

most fracture networks

� Provide the geothermal industry with the reduction of

total costs of sealing and multi-fracture drilling

operations.

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Conventional foamed cement Corrosion-resistant

foamed cement

Conventional well cement

Thermal shock-resistant cement

Before After

water-catalyzed self-degradation

of cement at 200°C


High-Rate Well Stimulation Methods

� Develop new high energy stimulation techniques

to enhance EGS permeability through dynamic

loading of the formation

� Enable near wellbore fracturing along with shear

destabilization in the far field

� Novel reactive gas generating materials and

injection methods to fracture the formation are

being developed suitable for use at EGS well

temperatures



High Temperature PT/Flow

Nearing the completion of a well monitoring

system for EGS.

� Pressure and Temperature already exists

� Solid-state flow testing underway

� Continuous monitoring up to 280oC

� 50 Hz recording

� Electronics are over temperature tolerant

and tolerant of exposure to geothermal

brines

Flo

w lo

op

tes

tin

g

Perma Works


Chemical Sensing Tool

• Goal: Design and built a prototype chemical sensing tool that can measure

tracer concentration along the length of a wellbore

– This tool will increase data resolution and provide new types of data for the

characterization of fracture networks in enhanced geothermal systems

– Joint effort between Geothermal Research and Chemical Sensing Departments

13

Tracer InjectionCurrent Method

Measure integrated tracer concentration at the surface

New Method

Measure tracer concentration in each fracture zone



High Temperature Seismic Tool

� Capabilities

� Operation up to 210oC

�SOI electronics except FPGA and Primary ADC

�24-bit ADC

� Three-axis accelerometer measurements

�30 Hz – 1000 Hz bandwidth

�20 V/g sensitivity

�295 μg – 165 mg measurement range



• Physics based systems analysis for Economic Valuation and Risk Assessment

• Capture feedback between power production, reservoir performance, and

system design

• Economic Valuation provided through two-way communication with GETEM

– Industry standard for economic evaluation

• Risk Assessment

– Probabilistic simulation of:

• All GETEM inputs

• Physical system inputs

– Probability based outputs

• Stochastic reservoir performance modeling

– Homogeneous

– Heterogeneous

– Well configuration (vertical, horizontal, etc.)

GT-Mod: Geothermal Systems Analysis



Example



Managing Exploration Costs

17

Implementing Lower-cost Drilling Techniques

Slim wells

Full size wells Information Courtesy ofFull size wells

Core wells

Slim wells


Advanced Geothermal Drillingand Logging Technologies

Stephen Bauer (on behalf of the US DOE)Sandia National LaboratoriesGeothermal Drilling Research

andGeomechanics Research

Technical Manager Geomechanics [email protected]

IEA-GIA Annex VII

21st September 2013

Tagaytay, Philippines


Why Annex VII?

• Drilling is expensive – as much as 50% of

total project cost

• Drilling research < 10% of published

geothermal papers

• Lower drilling costs are critical to access

deeper resources

• Drilling is expensive – as much as 50% of

total project cost

• Drilling research < 10% of published

geothermal papers

• Lower drilling costs are critical to access

deeper resources


• Prepare a well cost model and performance database to collect and compare drilling costs among countries and sponsors

• Elucidate Best Geothermal Drilling Practices

• Advanced drilling and logging collaboration facilitates collaborative testing of drilling and logging tools and techniques among countries.

Annex VII History & Tasks

Annex VII


• Promote ways and means to reduce

the cost of geothermal drilling

• Develop an understanding of

geothermal drilling needs

• Elucidate best practices

• Foster an environment and mechanisms

to share methods and means to advance

the state of the art.

Objectives

Annex VII


IEA/GIA Annex VIIAdvanced Geothermal

Drilling and Logging Technologies

Official Participants:AustraliaEuropean Commission IcelandMexicoNew ZealandNorwayUnited States

Annex VII


Recent Accomplishments

1-Development of a well cost model to estimate Geothermal Well Construction

Costs, Currently being Beta tested in GETEM Model by US DOE

2-Organized and Conducted Session at:

47th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium as part of ARMA

Geomechanical Challenges Associated with Geothermal Drilling, Stimulation

and Production Session: 23-26 June 2013 in San Francisco, California, USA

20 Papers, from 7 countries: Australia, Germany, France, Iceland, Iran, Norway,

USA

3- Geothermal Drilling Best Practices Handbook


Handbook of Best Practicesfor

Geothermal Drilling

Prepared for the International Energy Agency,Geothermal Implementing Agreement, Annex VII

by

John Finger and Doug Blankenship


2010

Abstract

This Handbook is a description of the complex process that

comprises drilling a geothermal well. The focus of the detailed

Chapters covering various aspects of the process (casing design,

cementing, logging and instrumentation, etc) is on techniques and

hardware that have proven successful in geothermal reservoirs

around the world. The Handbook will eventually be linked to the

GIA web site, with the hope and expectation that it can be

continually updated as new methods are demonstrated or proven.

SAND2010-6048

24

http://iea-gia.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/DrillinghandbooksjbPubVer-Bauer-20Jan111.pdf


Discussion

Comments

Thank you

GIA Annex VII


Thank You

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