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7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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WELL TESTING Lecture NoteM-14 Sunday, 11 Jan 2015
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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• Introduction
• Well Testing Procedures and Hardware
• Examples of Typical Flow regimes
• Conclusions
Well Testing and Interpretation
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Description of a Well Test
Drawdown :
Build-up :
Time, t
R a
t e ,
q
P r e s s u r e , p
t !
t "d
p "d
p !
p i
p# t$%&
drawdown 'uild(up
∆ ∆ p p t p t = − =( ) ( )0
∆ p p p t i= − ( )
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Well Test Objectives
EXPLORATION WELL
APPRAISAL WELL
DE ELOP!ENT WELL
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Well Test Objectives
• EXPLORATION – Nat"re and rate of prod"ced fl"id – Initial press"re – Reservoir properties
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Well Test Objectives
– Reservoir properties• permeability• heterogeneity• reservoir boundaries
– Well productivity – luid properties !sampling"
APPRAISAL
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Well Test Objectives
– Reservoir properties• drainage mechanism !permanent
gauges"• communication bet#een #ells
– Well productivity – Average pressure
DE ELOP!ENT
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Infor#ation obtained fro# Well Testing
– Reservoir responses• Reservoir in dynamic condition !$o# lines
are established"
• Large volume investigated !averaging" – Res"lts
Per#eabilit$ %&ori'ontal k and vertical k v(Reservoir &eterogeneities
– nat"ral fract"res) –
la$ering) – c&ange of c&aracteristics*Press"re %initial pi and average (+o"ndaries %distance and s&ape(
RESER OIR DES,RIPTION
p
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Infor#ation obtained fro# Well Testing
• WELL %E&'RIPTION – Results
• Production potential – productivity inde( PI) – s*in +actor S
• Well geometry
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Inverse problem : ) * I = +
Direct problem : I + = )
Interpretation !et&odolog$
I + )
input system output
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Inp"t Data re-"ired for Well Test Anal$sis
• TE&T %ATA – lo# rate !se,uence o+ event" – -ottom hole pressure
• WELL %ATA – Wellbore radius r w and geometry
–%epths !+ormation) gauges"
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Inp"t Data re-"ired for Well Test Anal$sis
RESER OIR AND .L/ID PARA!ETER – .or#ation t&ic0ness h %net( – Porosit$ – .or#ation vol"#e factor B –
Oil viscosit$ – ,o#pressibilit$ of oil co) 1ater cw and for#ation
c f ) 1ater sat"ration S w
( ) f wwwot c S c S cc ++−= 1
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T$pes of Well Tests
– %ra#do#n test –
-uild.up test – In/ection test 0 +all.o1 test – Inter+erence test and pulse test – 2as #ell test
• lo# a+ter $o# test)• Isochronal test)• 3odi4ed isochronal test
PRO,ED/RE
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T$pes of Well Tests
• 'O3PLETION
– Prod"ction test – Drill ste# test %DST(
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Test Se-"ence %oil 1ell(
– 'lean.up period !drilling and completion $uids)no measurement"
– Initial shut.in !pressure gauge at depth) initialpressure p i "
– 5ariable rate !start o+ rate measurement"
– &tabili6ed rate !main $o#"
Time, t
Cleanup
Initialshut-in
Variablerate
Stabilizedrate
Build-up
Time, t
R a
t e ,
q
P r e s s u r e ,
p
Cleanup
Initialshut-in
Variablerate
Stabilizedrate
Build-up
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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S"rface E-"ip#ent
• LOW 8EA%7 fowin , !i""in , wire"ine• '8O9E 3ANI OL%7 #o$iti%e &
ad'u$ta("e
• 8EATER7 )ydrate$, )i ) %i$co$ity• &EPARATOR7 *eterin o+ t)ree #)a$e$• TAN97 oi" rate
• -:RNER
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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S"rface E-"ip#ent
S/R.A,E SET/P
urner
urner
Heater
+eparator
+urge
tan-
Air
compressor
Water
pump
Rig !
pump
.as
)ilWater
C/o-emaniflod
Flow/ead
"rans#er pump
$ilmani#old
%as
mani#old
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Test Separator
• RATE 3EA&:RE3ENT – i" and water #o$iti%e di$#"ace*ent – Ga$ ori.ce *eter
T2REE P2ASES3 oil, water and gas
&##luent
Water $il
%as
&##luent
Water $ilWater $il
%as
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Do1n 2ole E-"ip#ent
• PRE&&:RE 2A:2E&7 *e*ory or $ur+aceread out
• %OWN 8OLE 5AL5E7 /ST, $a*#"in
• -OTTO3 8OLE &A3PLER7 T ana"y$i$
• R T) 3%T7 initia" #re$$ure, radient &contact$, #er*ea(i"ity
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Safet$
• E;:IP3ENT7 #re$$ure, te*#erature, $our a$
• PRO'E%:RE7 #re$$ure te$t, e*er ency $)ut-
down, day ni )t, $a+e area• EN5IRON3ENT7 (urnin , oi" dro# out
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Analysis of Simple Well Tests
• Objectives of well tests
• Types of well tests
• Basic a alysis of:
-- Pres su re d r aw dow t e s t s
- - P re ssu re bu i ld -up t e s t s
- - W el l i t e r fe re ce tes t s
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Types of Well Tests
Produci g wells jectiowells
Pressure drawdown Pressure fall off 0ultiple rate 0ultiple ratePressure 'uild(up In1ecti2ityWell interference Well interference"rill stemReser2oir limit
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Objectives of Well Tests• .at/er transient fluid flow and pressure data in
one or more wells simultaneously• 3nalysis aim at understanding and quantifying
reser2oir and aquifer 'e/a2ior • Pro2ide -nowledge a'out reser2oir si4e and
continuity
•
Pro2ide estimates of in(situ properties suc/ asporosity, permea'ility, transmissi'ility,producti2ity, in1ecti2ity and formation damage nearwell'ores
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Pressure !rawdown Tests
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Pressure !rawdown Tests
7/25/2019 WELL TESTING Lecture Note M14Sunday 11 Jan 2014
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Pressure !rawdown Tests
Examplet) 2o"rs 4 4*5 6*4 6*7 8 5 9 : 6; 69 ;5 85 54 94 :5
P 1f ) psig ;587 ;<=: ;<;< ;87; ;85; ;88; ;865 ;868 ;864 ;849 ;84< ;84; ;844 ;;:7 ;;:=
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Pressure !rawdown TestsExample, continued