INDIAN RAILWAYS Indian Railways is more than150 year old

It is largest railway system in world under one management

It is a lifeline of country

It is biggest civilian employer in the world

No strike in last 30 years in spite of 17 lakh workers

GENERAL

Indian Railways covers 64000 of route km along length & width of the country

It runs 12000 trains every day

it carry 1.5 crore passengers & 17 lakh tonnes of goods every day

It is fuel efficient system

SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

World’s third largest railway network Prime movers to the nation. IR owns a fleet of 2,22,379 wagons, 42,441 coaches and 7,910

locomotives. It runs 16,0251 trains, including 9,550 passenger trains, carrying

about 1.6 million tonnes of freight and about 15 million passengers daily.

7000 stations & about 500 computerized passenger reservation centers

15 lakh employee(10 lakh in Group C) including 10000 officers and

6 lakh staff Qrs

Prime infrastructural sector.

Perform the dual role1. Commercial Organization2. Vehicle for fulfillment of social obligations

Part and parcel of the total receipts and expenditure of the Government of India

Biggest township Kharagpur has 12000 qrs

1853 First railway train journeyed distance of 22 miles between Bombay and Thana.

Originally, operated by private companies Englishmen.

1925-1950 GOI took over the all the private railway companies.

INDIAN RAILWAYS have now become a largest unified State-enterprise.

ORIGIN & DEVELOPMENT

1947 Post partition 21 railway systems----10 owned by the

GOI and balance by princely states. Total integration of princely state railways completed by first April 1950

1951 Southern, Central and Western Railways SR, CR&WR created

1952 Northern, Eastern and North Eastern Railways, NR,ER&NER created

1955 South Eastern Railways, SER created 1958 North East Frontier Railways, NFR created 1966 South Central Railways, SCR created 2002 East

Central & North Western Railways created in October 2003 South Western , West Central, North Central, South

Eastern Central & East Coast Railway, SWR, WCR, NCR, SECR and ECoR created in April 2003

Summer Training Report On

Test RoomNetwork SectionTelephone ExchangeUHF Section

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Network used In Railway

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Networking Used in RailwayRail net

Railnet is also providing internet also for the communication purpose as a facility of the main server of this internet in rajkot railway junction is in test-room.There is 64 kbps internet connection is provided in test-room.

FOISThere is also freight operated information system

(FOIS) for goods information in railway.

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Block Diagram

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Rail Net ComponentsServer:

Server is a super-computer that stores the data and provides network services to clients.

Router: A router, is a networking device whose software and

hardware are usually tailored to the tasks of routing and forwarding information.

Modem:It is device that modulate-demodulate the data.

The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data.

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Rail Net ComponentsSwitch:

A network switch is a computer networking device that connects network segments.

Switch work at the Data Link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. The switch plays an integral part in most Ethernet local area networks or LANs. Hub:

A network hub or repeater hub is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together and thus making them act as a single network segment.

Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model.

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AdvantagesIt is used for communication purpose.

Rail net is used to transmit the data or get information from source to destination.

Rail net is used to book the railway tickets.

Rail net is used to test the line-cable.

Future Expansion2mbps can be transferred.

Design & Development of MIS, Data Ware House & Data Mining capabilities:

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FOIS FREIGHT OPERATING INFORMATION SYSTEM (FOIS)

FOIS enables freight customers to have instant access to information regarding the current status of their consignments in transit, for just in time inventory. It is a system for management and control of freight movement that also assists managers to optimize asset utilization.

FOIS

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EfftronicsData network establish for Getting the updates

through the data Packets Online.For the Relay Room Management.For online Signal Failure & Fault Finding.Information of Each & Every Stations & All

types of the Train per Second.We can also find if the any small problem to

make the Track Points through Relay Signaling

Thus, we get all kind of Electrical Information.

Advantages

Fault finding is become very faster.By the use of Relay Signaling,we catch the track points are properly adjusted or not.Accidents can be avoided in the Railways.We can see the trains where they are exactly on the which route.Save the time because the network is already established far any kind of information.

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Control Room

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Control Room

Control room is required in any railway junction. Here in RAJKOT section there are two control rooms for separate routes. one room is for OKHA section & the other is for VIRAMGAM section. Here in control room there are charts on which the train routes are to be drawn out constantly in which there is time versus distance axis are there. one person is continuously drawing the chart for this.They got the information at regular interval of 15 minutes on their phone & updates that information on computers.

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Repeater

A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation.

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Repeater Block Diagram

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TelephoneExchange

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Telecom Exchange

Telephone exchange at railway at Rajkot is using Integrated Digital Exchange (IDX) manufactured by TATA.

Basically the main purpose of exchange equipment is to provide cross-connection for every channel & join link as per requirement.

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Exchange Cards

Controller Card:It is having processor for decision making & controlling

purpose of whole equipment.Line Card:

A line card is a circuit pack which sends signals from the Central Office to equipment used on the customer's premises.Miscellaneous card:

It is providing power supply for the whole IDX system & they are responsible for fulfillment of power requirement.

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Trouble Shooting

system power problems:

Booting problem:

MAC problem:

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UHFSection

Main Parts

MDF (Main distribution Frame) Multiplexer Radio Equipment Power Supply

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M D F

In a Main Distribution Frame (MDF or Main Frame) is a signal distribution frame for connecting equipment (inside plant) to cables and subscriber carrier equipment (outside plant).

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Multiplexer

This instrument also has to perform reverse operation and it has to demultiplexer the channels from received signal and to connect them to channel board.

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UHF SectionIn this UHF structure MELTRON and

NEC equipments are RADIO equipments. MDS digital unit is also providing Radio link but it is having information in digital form.

The other communication equipment is OPTICAL FIBER CABLE (OFC) which is not yet used at much proportion. DTL MUX is multiplexer and demultiplexer for the purpose of using full channel capacity.

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Radio Equipment

Through-connection in repeater stations in the baseband level allows flexible drop and insertion of channels or group of channels.

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O F C

An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light along its length. Fiber optics is the overlap of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers.

Light is kept in the core of optical fiber by total internal reflection.

SMF MMF

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DTL Railway purchase DTL from Punjab comm. to

improve SNR. Conventional system DTL uses a single card that is modem card.

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Power SupplyHere power supply section is providing

power for all sections so in this way we can say that this is the main and foremost part of all sections. Here only two different voltages are required -24V and -48V for every instrument to be in working position.

Now we are providing voltages to every equipment by battery, why not directly from AC supply by using rectifier and filters?

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Use in all Section

The main advantages of using battery are:

Less RF feed from other sources

Noise from power supply is removed

Uninterrupted backup of power.

Test Room: Networking Section: Regular 240 V AC 50 HZ Control Room: 12 V DC Telecom Exchange: 24 V DC UHF Section: 48 V DC

Thank You….

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