Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War

Chapter

AP* Sixth Edition

World CivilizationsThe Global Experience

World CivilizationsThe Global Experience

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.

World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert

Western Society and Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold WarDecades of the Cold War

31



Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War

I. After World War II: A New International Setting for the West

II. The Resurgence of Western Europe

III. Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

IV. Culture and Society in the West

V. Europe After World War II: A Soviet Empire

VI. Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions









After World War II: A New International Setting for the West

• Europe and Its Colonies– Most colonies abandoned

hostility force necessary• force eschewed

– Vietnam French forced out, 1954



After World War II: A New International Setting for the West

• Europe and Its Colonies– Algeria

independence, 1962

– Egypt Britain, France attack U.S., Russia force them to withdraw



The Cold War

• Eastern block formed– Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria,

Hungary, East Germany

• Marshall Plan, 1947



The Cold War

• Germany– allies rebuild, from 1946– Russian blockade, 1947– American airlift– split, 1948

• NATO, 1949• Warsaw Pact



Soviet and Eastern European Boundaries by 1948



The Spread of Aryan Settlement

• Aryans are named for their use of Sanskrit and other languages included in the Indo-Aryan family of languages

• Arrived in waves from either central Asia or the Iranian plateau, mixed with local people and moved eastward to the Ganges by 1000 B.C.E.



Germany After World War II



The Resurgence of Western Europe

• The Spread of Liberal Democracy– Christian Democrats

social reform

• Federal Republic of Germany• France

– Fifth Republic, 1958

• Portugal, Spain– democratic, parliamentary systems



The Resurgence of Western Europe

• The Welfare State– Western Europe

United States, Canada later unemployment insurance medicine housing family assistance



The European Union



New Challenges to Political Stability

• Civil rights movement• Feminism, environmentalism

– Green Movement

• The Diplomatic Context– European Economic Community, 1958

Common Market

– Single currency, 2001 euro

– European Community, 2002



Economic Expansion

• Economic growth• High unemployment elsewhere

– workers into Europe, U.S.



Women at Work



Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

• The Former Dominions– Canada

welfare policies French/English division 1982, new constitution

– Australia, New Zealand defense pact with U.S., 1951 take part in Korean War Australia supports U.S. in Vietnam from 1970s, more independent



The "U.S. Century"?

• 1950s– policy of containment against Soviet Union

• Vietnam, 1960s– U.S. withdraws, 1975



Culture and Society in the West

• Social Structure– White-collar sector expands– Crime rates increase– Racism, anti-immigration conflict




• The Women's Revolution– 1950s

more education job opportunities access to divorce reproductive rights

– Simone de The Second Sex, 1949 Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique




• Western Culture– "Brain drain" to U.S.– Genetics, nuclear, space research– Pop art– Pablo Picasso

• A Lively Popular Culture– Vitality in popular culture



Europe After World War II:A Soviet Empire

• The Soviet Union as Superpower– Expands in Pacific

Pacific Islands, North Korea

– Influence via aid Chinese, Vietnamese communism Nationalists in Africa, Middle East, Asia

– Cuba alliance



The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe

• Dominance of all but Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia

• East Germans protest, 1953– suppressed– Berlin Wall, 1961

to stop flight to west




• After 1956, death of Stalin– Hungary, Poland

moderate regimes Hungary crushed

– Czechoslovakia liberal regime suppressed, 1968




• Poland– Army takes control, 1970s



Evolution of Domestic Policies

• Cultural isolation



Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions

• Orthodox Church– state control

• Jews restricted• Party ideals dictate art

– literature retains vitality– Alexander Solzhenitsyn



Economy and Society

• Industrialization by 1950s– state control



Economy and Society

• De-Stalinization– Kruschev, 1956– attacks Stalinism– followed by stagnation

• Space, arms race• Rift with China, 1950s• Invasion of Afghanistan



Global Connections:The Cold War and the World

• The cold war dominates much of the history of the period from1945 to 1992– Some countries profit

• Commonalities– Secularism– Emphasis on science– Challenges to social conventions

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Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War

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