West's Ann.Cal.C.C.P. § 116 · Title 1. Organization and ... Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Civ....

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West's Ann.Cal.C.C.P. 116.110 West's Annotated California Codes Currentness

Code of Civil Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Part 1. Of Courts of Justice Title 1. Organization and Jurisdiction Chapter 5.5. Small Claims Court (Refs & Annos) Article 1. General Provisions (Refs & Annos)

116.110. Short title This chapter shall be known and may be cited as "The Small Claims Act." CREDIT(S) (Added by Stats.1990, c. 1305 (S.B.2627), 3.) OFFICIAL FORMS 2006 Main Volume

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CA Jur. 3d Discovery and Depositions 303, Generally; Forms of Discovery Permitted. CA Jur. 3d Government Tort Liability 25, Advice to Small Claims Court Litigants. California Civil Practice Procedure 34:1, Authority. California Civil Practice Procedure 4:32, Small Claims Court. Forms West's California Judicial Council Forms SC-100, (06) Plaintiff's Claim and Order to Go to Small Claims Court. West's California Judicial Council Forms SC-120, (06) Defendant's Claim and Order to Go to Small Claims Court. West's California Judicial Council Forms SC-130, (06) Notice of Entry of Judgment. West's California Judicial Council Forms SC-150, (06) Information for the Plaintiff. West's California Judicial Council Forms SC-100A, (06) Other Plaintiffs or Defendants. West's California Judicial Council Forms SC-120A, (06) Other Plaintiffs or Defendants. Treatises and Practice Aids 1 California Affirmative Defenses 2d 7:2, Constitutional Provisions. Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Civil Appeals & Writs Ch. 16-A, A. Introduction. Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Civ. Pro. Before Trial Ch. 3-A, A. Subject Matter Jurisdiction (Competency). Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Civil Trials & Evidence Ch. 8D-C, C. General Parameters Re Admissibility of Hearsay Evidence. Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Enforcing Judgments/Debts Ch. 3-B, B. Collection Without Suit. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 262, Nature and Scope of Statute. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 273, (S 273) Revised Law. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 298, (S 298) Notice to Appear.

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7 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Judgment 295, Small Claims Courts. West's Ann. Cal. C.C.P. 116.110, CA CIV PRO 116.110 Current through Ch. 54 of 2006 Reg.Sess. urgency legislation and Props. 81, 82 and 1A

116.120. Legislative findings and declaration The Legislature hereby finds and declares as follows: (a) Individual minor civil disputes are of special importance to the parties and of significant social and economic consequence collectively. (b) In order to resolve minor civil disputes expeditiously, inexpensively, and fairly, it is essential to provide a judicial forum accessible to all parties directly involved in resolving these disputes. (c) The small claims divisions have been established to provide a forum to resolve minor civil disputes, and for that reason constitute a fundamental element in the administration of justice and the protection of the rights and property of individuals. (d) The small claims divisions, the provisions of this chapter, and the rules of the Judicial Council regarding small claims actions shall operate to ensure that the convenience of parties and witnesses who are individuals shall prevail, to the extent possible, over the convenience of any other parties or witnesses. CREDIT(S) (Added by Stats.1990, c. 1305 (S.B.2627), 3. Amended by Stats.1998, c. 931 (S.B.2139), 37, eff. Sept. 28, 1998.) LAW REVISION COMMISSION COMMENTS 2006 Main Volume 1998 Amendment

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Section 116.120 is amended to accommodate unification of the municipal and superior courts in a county. Cal. Const. art. VI, 5(e). It is also amended to reflect elimination of the justice court. Cal. Const. art. VI, 1, 5(b). [28 Cal.L.Rev.Comm.Reports 51 (1998)]. HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES 2006 Main Volume Section 13 of Stats.1990, c. 1305, provides: "The Legislature has incorporated certain rules of court into the Small Claims Act to address statutory gaps that existed on December 31, 1990. By this action, the Legislature does not intend to detract from the Judicial Council's continuing power and duty to adopt uniform rules of court and to adopt or approve uniform court forms consistent with the Small Claims Act. Nothing in this act is intended or should be construed to limit or eliminate any power, duty, or function of the Judicial Council." Stats.1998, c. 931, made amendments necessary to implement unification of the trial courts as provided for in Stats.1996, Res. ch. 36 (S.C.A.4), approved by the voters on June 2, 1998. Derivation: Former 116.1, added by Stats.1981, c. 958, 1. CROSS REFERENCES

"Action", defined, see Code of Civil Procedure 22. Classes of judicial remedies, see Code of Civil Procedure 21. Judicial Council, see California Rules of Court, Rule 6.1 et seq., and Government Code 68500 et seq. "Property" as including real and personal property, see Code of Civil Procedure 17. LAW REVIEW COMMENTARIES The people's court examined: A legal and empirical analysis of the small claims court system. Bruce Zucker and Monica Her, 37 U.S.F.L.Rev. 315 (2003). RESEARCH REFERENCES Encyclopedias CA Jur. 3d Courts 220, Purpose; Informality of Proceedings. CA Jur. 3d Courts 227, Consolidation of Individual Plaintiffs' Claims. Treatises and Practice Aids

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2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 271, (S 271) Nature and Organization. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 288, (S 288) Mass Claims Consolidated. NOTES OF DECISIONS

Purpose 1 1. Purpose

The Superior Court lacked jurisdiction to consolidate appeal in small claims action with related case pending in Superior Court; purpose of Small Claims Act is to resolve minor civil disputes expeditiously, inexpensively, and fairly. Acuna v. Gunderson Chevrolet, Inc. (App. 2 Dist. 1993) 24 Cal.Rptr.2d 62, 19 Cal.App.4th 1467, review denied. Action 57(4) West's Ann. Cal. C.C.P. 116.120, CA CIV PRO 116.120 Current through Ch. 54 of 2006 Reg.Sess. urgency legislation and Props. 81, 82 and 1A

116.130. Definitions In this chapter, unless the context indicates otherwise: (a) "Plaintiff" means the party who has filed a small claims action. The term includes a defendant who has filed a claim against a plaintiff. (b) "Defendant" means the party against whom the plaintiff has filed a small claims action. The term includes a plaintiff against whom a defendant has filed a claim. (c) "Judgment creditor" means the party, whether plaintiff or defendant, in whose favor a money judgment has been rendered. (d) "Judgment debtor" means the party, whether plaintiff or defendant, against whom a money judgment has been rendered. (e) "Person" means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability company, firm, association, or other entity.

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(f) "Individual" means a natural person. (g) "Party" means a plaintiff or defendant. (h) "Motion" means a party's written request to the court for an order or other action. The term includes an informal written request to the court, such as a letter. (i) "Declaration" means a written statement signed by an individual which includes the date and place of signing, and a statement under penalty of perjury under the laws of this state that its contents are true and correct. (j) "Good cause" means circumstances sufficient to justify the requested order or other action, as determined by the judge. (k) "Mail" means first-class mail with postage fully prepaid, unless stated otherwise. CREDIT(S) (Added by Stats.1990, c. 1305 (S.B.2627), 3. Amended by Stats.1991, c. 915 (S.B.771), 1; Stats.1994, c. 1010 (S.B.2053), 57; Stats.2003, c. 449 (A.B.1712), 4.) HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES 2006 Main Volume Section 13 of Stats.1990, c. 1305, provides: "The Legislature has incorporated certain rules of court into the Small Claims Act to address statutory gaps that existed on December 31, 1990. By this action, the Legislature does not intend to detract from the Judicial Council's continuing power and duty to adopt uniform rules of court and to adopt or approve uniform court forms consistent with the Small Claims Act. Nothing in this act is intended or should be construed to limit or eliminate any power, duty, or function of the Judicial Council." The 1991 amendment, in the definitions of "plaintiff" and "defendant", substituted "filed a claim" for "filed a small claims action". The 1994 amendment made technical changes to conform with enactment of the California Limited Liability Company Act.

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Subordination of legislation by Stats.1994, c. 1010 (S.B.2053), see Historical and Statutory Notes under Business and Professions Code 128. Legislative declaration of Stats.1996, c. 57 (S.B.141), 30, relating to the rendition of professional services by a limited liability company, see Historical and Statutory Notes under Code of Civil Procedure 699.720. Stats.2003, c. 449 (A.B.1712), in subds. (a), (b), and (h), made changes in punctuation; in subd. (e), inserted "limited liability partnership"; and in subd. (i), inserted "under the laws of this state". CROSS REFERENCES

"Action", defined, see Code of Civil Procedure 22. "State" and "United States" as including District of Columbia and territories, see Code of Civil Procedure 17.

RESEARCH REFERENCES Encyclopedias CA Jur. 3d Courts 221, Definitions. Treatises and Practice Aids 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 273, (S 273) Revised Law. West's Ann. Cal. C.C.P. 116.130, CA CIV PRO 116.130 Current through Ch. 54 of 2006 Reg.Sess. urgency legislation and Props. 81, 82 and 1A

116.140. Time extensions; prejudgment attachments; application to small claims actions The following do not apply in small claims actions: (a) Subdivision (a) of Section 1013 and subdivision (b) of Section 1005, on the extension of the time for taking action when notice is given by mail. (b) Title 6.5 (commencing with Section 481.010) of Part 2, on the issuance of prejudgment attachments.

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CREDIT(S) (Added by Stats.1991, c. 915 (S.B.771), 2.) CROSS REFERENCES

"Action", defined, see Code of Civil Procedure 22. Classes of judicial remedies, see Code of Civil Procedure 21. Notice, actual and constructive, defined, see Civil Code 18. LIBRARY REFERENCES 2006 Main Volume

Cal Digest of Official Reports 3d Series, Courts 30. RESEARCH REFERENCES Treatises and Practice Aids Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Enforcing Judgments/Debts Ch. 3-B, B. Collection Without Suit. Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Enforcing Judgments/Debts Ch. 4-A, A. Attachment. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 274, (S 274) Principal Legislative Changes. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 294, (S 294) in General. 6 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Proceedings Without Trial 30, Express Limitations. 6 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Provisional Remedies 57, (S 57) in General. West's Ann. Cal. C.C.P. 116.140, CA CIV PRO 116.140 Current through Ch. 54 of 2006 Reg.Sess. urgency legislation and Props. 81, 82 and 1A

Article 2. Small Claims Court GENERAL NOTES 2006 Main Volume

HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES 2006 Main Volume

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Section 13 of Stats.1990, c. 1305, provides: "The Legislature has incorporated certain rules of court into the Small Claims Act to address statutory gaps that existed on December 31, 1990. By this action, the Legislature does not intend to detract from the Judicial Council's continuing power and duty to adopt uniform rules of court and to adopt or approve uniform court forms consistent with the Small Claims Act. Nothing in this act is intended or should be construed to limit or eliminate any power, duty, or function of the Judicial Council." CROSS REFERENCES

Definitions related to this chapter, see Code of Civil Procedure 116.130. Legislative findings and declarations relating to this chapter, see Code of Civil Procedure 116.120.

West's Ann. Cal. C.C.P. Pt. 1, T. 1, Ch. 5.5, Art. 2, Refs & Annos, CA CIV PRO Pt. 1, T. 1, Ch. 5.5, Art. 2, Refs & Annos Current through Ch. 54 of 2006 Reg.Sess. urgency legislation and Props. 81, 82 and 1A

116.210. Small claims division In each superior court there shall be a small claims division. The small claims division may be known as the small claims court. CREDIT(S) (Added by Stats.1990, c. 1305 (S.B.2627), 3. Amended by Stats.1998, c. 931 (S.B.2139), 38, eff. Sept. 28, 1998; Stats.2002, c. 784 (S.B.1316), 30.) LAW REVISION COMMISSION COMMENTS 2006 Main Volume 1998 Amendment Section 116.210 is amended to accommodate unification of the municipal and superior courts in a county. Cal. Const. art. VI, 5(e). It is also amended to reflect elimination of the justice court. Cal. Const. art. VI, 1, 5(b). Section 116.210 is also amended to expressly authorize continued use of the name "small claims court," even though the small claims division is not a separate court. [28 Cal.L.Rev.Comm. Reports 51 (1998)]. 2002 Amendment

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Section 116.210 is amended to reflect unification of the municipal and superior courts pursuant to Article VI, Section 5(e), of the California Constitution. [32 Cal.L.Rev.Comm. Reports 95 (2002)]. HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES 2006 Main Volume Section 13 of Stats.1990, c. 1305, provides: "The Legislature has incorporated certain rules of court into the Small Claims Act to address statutory gaps that existed on December 31, 1990. By this action, the Legislature does not intend to detract from the Judicial Council's continuing power and duty to adopt uniform rules of court and to adopt or approve uniform court forms consistent with the Small Claims Act. Nothing in this act is intended or should be construed to limit or eliminate any power, duty, or function of the Judicial Council." Stats.1998, c. 931 rewrote the section, which had read: "In each justice court and each municipal court there shall be a small claims division." Stats.2002, c. 784 (S.B.1316), made changes to conform various statutory provisions of law to the abolition of municipal courts and their unification within the superior courts. See Legislative Counsel's Digest under the Historical and Statutory Notes under Business and Professions Code 6079.1 for related statutory changes made by this chapter. Subordination of legislation by Stats.2002, c. 784 (S.B.1316), to other 2002 legislation, see Historical and Statutory Notes under Business and Professions Code 6079.1. Sections 622 and 623 of Stats.2002, c. 784 (S.B.1316), provide: "SEC. 622. If a right, privilege, duty, authority, or status, including, but not limited to, a qualification for office, salary range, or employment benefit, is based on a provision of law repealed by this act, and if a statute, order, rule of court, memorandum of understanding, or other legally effective instrument provides that the right, duty, authority, or status continues for a period beyond the effective date of the repeal, that provision of law continues in effect for that purpose, notwithstanding its repeal by this act. "SEC. 623. Nothing in this act is intended to change the extent to which official reporter services or electronic reporting may be used in the courts." CROSS REFERENCES

Legislative findings and declarations relating to this chapter, see Code of Civil Procedure 116.120.

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LAW REVIEW AND JOURNAL COMMENTARIES Grassroots impact Litigation: Mass filing of small claims. Andrew D. Freeman and Juli E. Farris. 26 U.S.F.L.Rev. 261 (1992). The people's court examined: A legal and empirical analysis of the small claims court system. Bruce Zucker and Monica Her, 37 U.S.F.L.Rev. 315 (2003). LIBRARY REFERENCES 2006 Main Volume

Courts 50, 174.1. Westlaw Topic No. 106. C.J.S. Courts 106. Cal Digest of Official Reports 3d Series, Courts 30. RESEARCH REFERENCES Encyclopedias California Civil Practice Procedure 4:32, Small Claims Court. Treatises and Practice Aids Cal. Common Interest Devs.: Law and Practice 21:115, Restitution. Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Enforcing Judgments/Debts Ch. 3-B, B. Collection Without Suit. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 271, (S 271) Nature and Organization. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 273, (S 273) Revised Law. West's Ann. Cal. C.C.P. 116.210, CA CIV PRO 116.210 Current through Ch. 54 of 2006 Reg.Sess. urgency legislation and 116.220. Jurisdiction (a) The small claims court shall have jurisdiction in the following actions: (1) Except as provided in subdivisions (c), (e), and (f), for recovery of money, if the amount of the demand does not exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000). (2) Except as provided in subdivisions (c), (e), and (f), to enforce payment of delinquent unsecured personal property taxes in an amount not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000), if the legality of the tax is not contested by the defendant.

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(3) To issue the writ of possession authorized by Sections 1861.5 and 1861.10 of the Civil Code if the amount of the demand does not exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000). (4) To confirm, correct, or vacate a fee arbitration award not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000) between an attorney and client that is binding or has become binding, or to conduct a hearing de novo between an attorney and client after nonbinding arbitration of a fee dispute involving no more than five thousand dollars ($5,000) in controversy, pursuant to Article 13 (commencing with Section 6200) of Chapter 4 of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code. (b) In any action seeking relief authorized by subdivision (a), the court may grant equitable relief in the form of rescission, restitution, reformation, and specific performance, in lieu of, or in addition to, money damages. The court may issue a conditional judgment. The court shall retain jurisdiction until full payment and performance of any judgment or order. (c) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), the small claims court shall have jurisdiction over a defendant guarantor who is required to respond based upon the default, actions, or omissions of another, only if the demand does not exceed (1) two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500), or (2) on and after January 1, 2000, four thousand dollars ($4,000), if the defendant guarantor charges a fee for its guarantor or surety services or the defendant guarantor is the Registrar of the Contractors' State License Board. (d) In any case in which the lack of jurisdiction is due solely to an excess in the amount of the demand, the excess may be waived, but any waiver shall not become operative until judgment. (e) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), in any action filed by a plaintiff incarcerated in a Department of Corrections facility or a Youth Authority facility, the small claims court shall have jurisdiction over a defendant only if the plaintiff has alleged in the complaint that he or she has exhausted his or her administrative remedies against that department, including compliance with Sections 905.2 and 905.4 of the Government Code. The final administrative adjudication or determination of the plaintiff's administrative claim by the department may be attached to the complaint at the time of filing in lieu of that allegation. (f) In any action governed by subdivision (e), if the plaintiff fails to provide proof of compliance with the requirements of subdivision (e) at the time of trial, the judicial officer shall, at his or her discretion, either dismiss the action or continue the action to give the plaintiff an opportunity to provide such proof. (g) For purposes of this section, "department" includes an employee of a department against whom a claim has been filed under this chapter arising out of his or her duties as an employee of that department. CREDIT(S) (Added by Stats.1990, c. 1305 (S.B.2627), 3. Amended by Stats.1990, c. 1683 (A.B.3916),

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3; Stats.1991, c. 133 (A.B.1827), 1; Stats.1991, c. 915 (S.B.771), 3; Stats.1992, c. 8 (A.B.1551), 1, eff. Feb. 19, 1992; Stats.1992, c. 142 (S.B.1376), 2; Stats.1993, c. 1262 (A.B.1272), 5; Stats.1993, c. 1264 (S.B.574), 95; Stats.1994, c. 479 (A.B.3219), 10; Stats.1995, c. 366 (A.B.725), 1; Stats.1998, c. 240 (A.B.771), 2; Stats.1999, c. 982 (A.B.1678), 6.) OFFICIAL FORMS 2006 Main Volume

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of damages on noncompliance with the court's order." The 1993 amendment increased the amount of the demand in subd. (c) to $2,500 from $1,500. Section affected by two or more acts at the same session of the legislature, see Government Code 9605. The 1994 amendment added subd. (a)(4), relating to confirming, correcting, or vacating a fee arbitration award. The 1995 amendment, in pars. (1) and (2) of subd. (a) substituted "subdivisions (c), (e), and (f)" for "subdivision (c)"; added subds. (e) and (f) relating to actions filed by a plaintiff incarcerated in a Department of Corrections or a Youth Authority facility; and added subd. (g) defining department for purposes of the section. Stats.1998, c. 240 (A.B.771), in subd. (c), inserted "(1)" preceding "two thousand", and added ", or (2) on and after January 1, 2000, four thousand dollars ($4,000), if the defendant guarantor charges a fee for its guarantor or surety services". Stats.1999, c. 982, in subd. (c), inserted "or the defendant guarantor is the Registrar of the Contractors' State License Board" at the end of the subdivision. Derivation: Former 116.2, added by Stats.1976, c. 1289, 2, amended by Stats.1979, c. 964, 1; Stats.1981, c. 957, 1; Stats.1981, c. 958, 2; Stats.1988, c. 481, 1. WEST'S CALIFORNIA CODE FORMS 2006 Main Volume

West's California Code Forms, Public Utilities App, Appendix. Rules of Practice and Procedure Public Utilities Commission of the State of California. West's California Code Forms, Public Utilities 5:2, Informal Procedures -- Small Claims Procedure. West's California Code Forms, Public Utilities App A, Appendix A. Rules and Regulations (Title 20, California Code of Regulations). CROSS REFERENCES

"Action", defined, see Code of Civil Procedure 22. Arbitration, generally, see Code of Civil Procedure 1281 et seq. Attorney's fees and costs, generally, see Code of Civil Procedure 1021. Attorneys, rules of professional conduct, see California Rules of Court, Rule 1-100 et seq. Attorneys, State Bar Act, see Business and Professions Code 6000. Classes of judicial remedies, see Code of Civil Procedure 21. "Defendant", defined for purposes of this chapter, see Code of Civil Procedure 116.130. Department of Corrections, generally, see Penal Code 5000 et seq. Jurisdiction, generally, see Code of Civil Procedure 410.10. Legislative findings and declarations relating to this chapter, see Code of Civil Procedure 116.120. "Personal property" as including money, goods, chattels, things in action, and evidences of debt, see Code of Civil Procedure 17. "Plaintiff", defined for purposes of this chapter, see Code of Civil Procedure 116.130. "Property" as including real and personal property, see Code of Civil Procedure 17.

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Public Utilities Commission, informal complaints, submission through internet and other electronic means, see Public Utilities Code 311.4. Security for rental agreement for residential property used as dwelling of tenant, amount and disposition, damages, see Civil Code 1950.5. "Writ" and "process" defined, see Code of Civil Procedure 17. LAW REVIEW AND JOURNAL COMMENTARIES Grassroots impact litigation: Mass filing of small claims. Andrew D. Freeman and Juli E. Farris. 26 U.S.F.L.Rev. 261 (1992). The people's court examined: A legal and empirical analysis of the small claims court system. Bruce Zucker and Monica Her, 37 U.S.F.L.Rev. 315 (2003). Review of selected 1992 California legislation. 24 Pac.L.J. 679 (1993). Review of selected 1995 California legislation civil procedure. 27 Pac. L.J. 491 (1996). LIBRARY REFERENCES 2006 Main Volume

Courts 167, 175. Westlaw Topic No. 106. C.J.S. Courts 23, 25 to 35. Cal Digest of Official Reports 3d Series, Courts 30. RESEARCH REFERENCES ALR Library 67 ALR 4th 1117, Small Claims: Jurisdictional Limits as Binding on Appellate Court. Encyclopedias CA Jur. 3d Courts 203, Actions and Proceedings in Which Transfer is Authorized. CA Jur. 3d Courts 226, Actions Against Certain Guarantors or by Incarcerated Plaintiffs. CA Jur. 3d Courts 235, Defendant's Claim -- Within Jurisdictional Amount. CA Jur. 3d Courts 236, Defendant's Claim -- in Excess of Jurisdictional Amount. CA Jur. 3d Courts 243, Representative of Party. CA Jur. 3d Courts 246, Judgment. CA Jur. 3d Courts 247, Judgment -- Conditional Judgment. CA Jur. 3d Courts 249, Enforcement of Judgment. CA Jur. 3d Ejectment and Related Remedies 58, Jurisdiction and Venue. Cal. Civ. Prac. Business Litigation 24:97, Complaint for Damages for Breach of Written Contract

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[Civ. Code S3300]. California Civil Practice Procedure 4:32, Small Claims Court. Cal. Civ. Prac. Real Property Litigation 18:6, Jurisdiction and Venue. Cal. Civ. Prac. Real Property Litigation 17:38, Holding Security. Cal. Civ. Prac. Real Property Litigation 17:43, Small Claims Actions. Cal. Civ. Prac. Real Property Litigation 20:32, Remedies of Tenant Generally. Cal. Civ. Prac. Real Property Litigation 20:35, Defenses of Landlord. Forms West's California Judicial Council Forms SC-100, (06) Plaintiff's Claim and Order to Go to Small Claims Court. West's California Judicial Council Forms SC-101, (06) Attorney Fee Dispute (After Arbitration). West's California Judicial Council Forms SC-150, (06) Information for the Plaintiff. Treatises and Practice Aids 1 California Affirmative Defenses 2d 7:2, Constitutional Provisions. Cal. Common Interest Devs.: Law and Practice 19:69, Small Claims Court. Cal. Common Interest Devs.: Law and Practice 21:46, Small-Claims Court. California Construction Law Manual 4:7, License Bonds. Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Civ. Pro. Before Trial Ch. 3-A, A. Subject Matter Jurisdiction (Competency). Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Enforcing Judgments/Debts Ch. 3-B, B. Collection Without Suit. Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Landlord-Tenant Ch. 3-D, D. Tenant Remedies. Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Landlord-Tenant Ch. 8-A, A. Procedural Overview. Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Landlord-Tenant Ch. 9-G, G. the Unlawful Detainer Judgment. Rutter, Cal. Practice Guide: Landlord-Tenant Ch. 2E-1, Residential Units. Miller and Starr California Real Estate 32:6, Who Can Attach. Miller and Starr California Real Estate 19:235, Tenant's Personal Property -- Innkeeper's Lien. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 274, (S 274) Principal Legislative Changes. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 287, (S 287) Statutory Provisions. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 292, (S 292) No Transfer Under C.C.P. 396.

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2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 293, (S 293) Action Against Department of Corrections or Department of Youth Authority. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 299, Claim in Same Action. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 300, Action on Claim in Another Court. 2 Witkin Cal. Proc. 4th Courts 307, (S 307) in General. 12 Witkin, California Summary 10th Real Property 728, Jurisdiction, Venue, and Process. 13 Witkin, California Summary 10th Personal Property 226, Application, Writ, and Restraining Order. 1 Witkin Cal. Summ. 9th Contracts 522, Statutory Regulation: in General. NOTES OF DECISIONS

Consolidation 1 Estoppel 4 Mass actions 2 Review 5 Waiver 3 1. Consolidation The Superior Court lacked jurisdiction to consolidate appeal in small claims action with related case pending in Superior Court; purpose of Small Claims Act is to resolve minor civil disputes expeditiously, inexpensively, and fairly. Acuna v. Gunderson Chevrolet, Inc. (App. 2 Dist. 1993) 24 Cal.Rptr.2d 62, 19 Cal.App.4th 1467, review denied. Action 57(4)

2. Mass actions Numerous "mass" actions against city alleging that noise from city airport constituted continuing nuisance were neither too "complex" nor had such "broad social policy impact" that they were outside jurisdiction of small claims court, notwithstanding such court's procedural and discovery limitations. City and County of San Francisco v. Small Claims Div., Mun. Court, North Judicial Dist., San Mateo County (App. 1 Dist. 1983) 190 Cal.Rptr. 340, 141 Cal.App.3d 470. Courts 175

3. Waiver Tortfeasor did not waive affirmative defense of splitting cause of action to insurer's subrogation action when tortfeasor failed to object or seek insurer's joinder in insured's earlier small claims action to recover amount of loss not covered by her automobile insurance; tortfeasor could not have sought dismissal of insured's claim, as there was no impermissible splitting until insurer filed suit, tortfeasor could not have obtained insurer's joinder in small claims action, as subrogation action could not be maintained in small claims court and amount of claim exceeded court's jurisdictional limit, and unrepresented defendant could not waive defense in small claims court. Allstate Ins. Co. v. Mel Rapton, Inc. (App. 3 Dist. 2000) 92 Cal.Rptr.2d 151, 77 Cal.App.4th 901. Action 53(1)

4. Estoppel

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Both fundamental fairness and the public policy embodied in the small claims statutory scheme require that exception to rule against giving collateral estoppel effect to small claims judgment be limited to issues decided against small claims defendants; applying exception to allow a plaintiff who lost in small claims court to resurrect his claim in a subsequent action, and at the same time preclude the victorious small claims defendant from asserting collateral estoppel, would be fundamentally unfair. Pitzen v. Superior Court (App. 4 Dist. 2004) 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 628, 120 Cal.App.4th 1374. Judgment 639 After motorist involved in accident was found not liable in small claims court action brought by driver and passenger in other car, and passenger then filed action in Superior Court against both motorist and driver based on same accident, small claims judgment had collateral estoppel effect that precluded passenger from relitigating issue against motorist. Pitzen v. Superior Court (App. 4 Dist. 2004) 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 628, 120 Cal.App.4th 1374. Judgment 639 Collateral estoppel effect is afforded to claims litigated and decided against a small claims plaintiff, and thus a plaintiff in a small claims court action may not relitigate, in a subsequent related action, an issue litigated and expressly decided against him in the small claims action, where the record is sufficiently clear as to the issue actually litigated and decided in the small claims court. Pitzen v. Superior Court (App. 4 Dist. 2004) 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 628, 120 Cal.App.4th 1374. Judgment 639 There is no rationale for refusing to afford collateral estoppel effect to claims litigated and decided against a small claims plaintiff; such a plaintiff, having chosen to litigate in an informal setting by bringing an action in small claims court, cannot cite the informality of that forum to gain a second chance to litigate a previously decided issue in a related matter. Pitzen v. Superior Court (App. 4 Dist. 2004) 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 628, 120 Cal.App.4th 1374. Judgment 544 Claim preclusion aspect of the doctrine of res judicata applies to small claims judgments. Pitzen v. Superior Court (App. 4 Dist. 2004) 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 628, 120 Cal.App.4th 1374. Judgment 544

5. Review The policy precluding review of small claims judgments against plaintiffs is so strong that a small claims plaintiff cannot obtain appellate review even where he can demonstrate the small claims court clearly erred as a matter of law. Pitzen v. Superior Court (App. 4 Dist. 2004) 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 628, 120 Cal.App.4th 1374. Courts 176.5 Claim that trial court improperly overruled demurrer because cross-complaint was barred by judgment in small claims action, raised issue of a pure question of law, which was reviewable by writ of mandate. Pitzen v. Superior Court (App. 4 Dist. 2004) 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 628, 120 Cal.App.4th 1374. Mandamus 39 West's Ann. Cal. C.C.P. 116.220, CA CIV PRO 116.220 Current through Ch. 54 of 2006 Reg.Sess. urgency legislation and Props. 81, 82 and 1A

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[19]

116.221. Additional jurisdiction

In addition to the jurisdiction conferred by Section 116.220, the small claims court has jurisdiction in an action brought by a natural person, if the amount of the demand does not exceed seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500), except for actions otherwise prohibited by subdivision (c) of Section 116.220 or subdivision (a) of Section 116.231. CREDIT(S) (Added by Stats.2005, c. 600 (S.B.422), 2.)

HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES 2006 Main Volume Section 1 of Stats.2005, c. 600 (S.B.422), provides: "(a) The Legislature finds and declares that the quality of and access to justice in small claims court in California varies widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The small claims court system should be improved in the following ways: "(1) Commissioners and temporary judges adjudicate many complex issues including, but not limited to, consumer law, rent deposit law, tort law, and contract law. In a report commissioned by the Administrative Office of the Courts, entitled the 'California Three Track Civil Litigation Study,' Policy Studies, Incorporated reported that paid court commissioners, 'see the full panoply of issues raised in small claims cases, and part of their job is to become knowledgeable in the areas of law likely to arise in small claims court. Further, they have the time and duty to research issues of law likely to arise in small claims court... [and those] that arise with which they are not familiar.' The potential knowledge gap between temporary judges and commissioners should be narrowed through increased use of commissioners and the use of well-trained, qualified, temporary judges in small claims court in order to ensure an improved ability to deliver justice. "(2) For advisers, improvements need to be made in the availability of in-person assistance, in the knowledge and experience of the advisors, and in the advice being given or supervised by attorneys, so that the assistance can include advice about how to present and defend a claim. "(3) Qualified interpreters are not available in many jurisdictions in California. With the

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[20]

increasing linguistic diversity in California's population in recent decades, the need for interpreter services has grown proportionately. "(b)(1) It is the intent of the Legislature to raise the jurisdictional limit for natural persons only. The jurisdictional increase in this act is limited to natural persons, and is subject to other existing restrictions. It is the intent of the Legislature in limiting the increase to natural persons that other forms of persons, including, but not limited to, corporations, partnerships, unincorporated associations, governmental entities, and any other forms of persons as may now exist or may exist in the future, other than individuals, do not qualify for the jurisdictional increase under this act. "(2) It is the intent of the Legislature that the jurisdictional limit of subdivision (a) of Section 116.231 of the Code of Civil Procedure and subdivision (c) of Section 116.220 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall not be changed by this legislation. "(3) It is the intent of the Legislature that jurisdictional limits shall not be raised again, particularly with respect to individuals as defendants, until services are funded at a level sufficient to provide all of the following: "(A) In-person advice from advisers who are legal professionals. "(B) Staffing levels that are adequate to meet the demand, and also adequate to permit the small claims court advisory service to provide services to both parties in a small claims court case without conflicts of interest. "(C) Professional, well-trained, compensated decisionmakers, in small claims courts in all counties in California, who meet standards established by the Judicial Council. "(4) It is the intent of the Legislature that temporary judges should be well-trained and knowledgeable of state and federal consumer laws, including, but not limited to, rent deposit law, the state and federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Acts, the federal Truth in Lending Act, the federal Fair Credit Billing Act, the federal Electronic Fund Transfer Act, tort law, online purchasing law and other contract law, defenses to contract claims, defenses to debts, and other laws determined by the Judicial Council and the courts to be important in the adjudication of small claims cases." CROSS REFERENCES

"Action", defined, see Code of Civil Procedure 22. Classes of judicial remedies, see Code of Civil Procedure 21. "Person", defined for purposes of this chapter, see Code of Civil Procedure 116.130.

West's Ann. Cal. C.C.P. 116.221, CA CIV PRO 116.221 Current through Ch. 54 of 2006 Reg.Sess. urgency legislation and Props. 81, 82 and 1A

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[21]

116.221. Additional jurisdiction

In addition to the jurisdiction conferred by Section 116.220, the small claims court has jurisdiction in an action brought by a natural person, if the amount of the demand does not exceed seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500), except for actions otherwise prohibited by subdivision (c) of Section 116.220 or subdivision (a) of Section 116.231. CREDIT(S) (Added by Stats.2005, c. 618 (A.B.1459), 2.)

HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES 2006 Main Volume Section 1 of Stats.2005, c. 618 (A.B.1459), provides: "SECTION 1. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that the quality of and access to justice in small claims court in California varies widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The small claims court system should be improved in the following ways: "(1) Commissioners and temporary judges adjudicate many complex issues including, but not limited to, consumer law, rent deposit law, tort law, and contract law. In a report commissioned by the Administrative Office of the Courts, entitled the 'California Three Track Civil Litigation Study,' Policy Studies, Incorporated reported that paid court commissioners, 'see the full panoply of issues raised in small claims cases, and part of their job is to become knowledgeable in the areas of law likely to arise in small claims court. Further, they have the time and duty to research issues of law likely to arise in small claims court...[and those] that arise with which they are not familiar.' The potential knowledge gap between temporary judges and commissioners should be narrowed through increased use of commissioners and the use of well-trained, qualified temporary judges in small claims court in order to ensure an improved ability to deliver justice. "(2) For advisers, improvements need to be made in the availability of in-person assistance, in the knowledge and experience of the advisers, and in the advice being given or supervised by attorneys, so that the assistance can include advice about how to present and defend a claim. "(3) Qualified interpreters are not available in many jurisdictions in California. With the

http://web2.westlaw.com/find/default.wl?DB=1000298&DocName=CACPS116%2E220&FindType=L&AP=&fn=_top&utid=%7b8DDE0BC1-CB6E-4387-87CF-1369C5DDB883%7d&rs=WLW6.06&mt=California&vr=2.0&sv=Splithttp://web2.westlaw.com/find/default.wl?DB=1000298&DocName=CACPS116%2E220&FindType=L&AP=&fn=_top&utid=%7b8DDE0BC1-CB6E-4387-87CF-1369C5DDB883%7d&rs=WLW6.06&mt=California&vr=2.0&sv=Splithttp://web2.westlaw.com/find/default.wl?DB=1000298&DocName=CACPS116%2E231&FindType=L&AP=&fn=_top&utid=%7b8DDE0BC1-CB6E-4387-87CF-1369C5DDB883%7d&rs=WLW6.06&mt=California&vr=2.0&sv=Splithttp://web2.westlaw.com/find/default.

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