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Westward Westward ExpansionExpansionChapter 13Chapter 13
The WestThe West
““The West” was The West” was anywhere between anywhere between the Mississippi River the Mississippi River and the Pacific and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Ocean-That was the Western FrontierWestern Frontier
Because it was hard Because it was hard to farm in the Great to farm in the Great Plains, the land was Plains, the land was used for used for TransportationTransportation
The Northwest had The Northwest had fertile landsfertile lands
The WestThe West The Southwest was owned The Southwest was owned
by Mexico, and was part of by Mexico, and was part of the Spanish Borderlands. the Spanish Borderlands. People in these areas were People in these areas were
only allowed to trade with only allowed to trade with SpainSpain
This area has a distinct This area has a distinct cultureculture
The WestThe West Spanish missionaries like Spanish missionaries like
Junipero Serro tried to Junipero Serro tried to turn Native Americans turn Native Americans into Catholicsinto Catholics Natives were forced Natives were forced
to live and work at to live and work at missions, may died missions, may died from overwork or from overwork or diseasedisease
Buildings were and Buildings were and are still made with a are still made with a similar look similar look
The WestThe West In 1821, Mexico In 1821, Mexico
won their won their independence from independence from SpainSpain
Mexico made land Mexico made land grants to rancheros grants to rancheros and removed and removed missionariesmissionaries
Because the land Because the land given often given often belonged to the belonged to the Natives, the Indians Natives, the Indians raided ranchesraided ranches
The WestThe West America had been interested in Westward America had been interested in Westward
ExpansionExpansion They began to believe in Manifest Destiny, which was They began to believe in Manifest Destiny, which was
the idea that the country should go from the Atlantic to the idea that the country should go from the Atlantic to
the Pacific.the Pacific.
Trails to the West Trails to the West
There were many There were many trails to the westtrails to the west
In 1821, Captain In 1821, Captain William Becknell led William Becknell led a wagon train from a wagon train from Missouri to New Missouri to New MexicoMexico
This was 800 miles This was 800 miles long and was called long and was called the Santa Fe Trail, it the Santa Fe Trail, it was very popularwas very popular
Trails to the West Trails to the West
John Jacob Astor John Jacob Astor established the established the American Fur American Fur Company in 1808 in Company in 1808 in Oregon after he Oregon after he traveled theretraveled there
He used information He used information the Lewis and Clark the Lewis and Clark createdcreated
Trails to the West Trails to the West Mountain men became Mountain men became
famous.famous. They led isolated They led isolated
lives in the bitter lives in the bitter cold, intense heat cold, intense heat animal attacksanimal attacks
Trappers would bring Trappers would bring their furs to a their furs to a rendezvous where rendezvous where the mountain men the mountain men would come together would come together and bargain for the and bargain for the prices of fursprices of furs
Trails to the West Trails to the West The first people to The first people to built permanent built permanent homes in Oregon homes in Oregon were missionarieswere missionaries
Marcus and Marcus and Narcissa Whitman Narcissa Whitman tried to help the tried to help the natives, but in reality natives, but in reality land was simply land was simply stolen from the stolen from the natives.natives.
When people heard When people heard there was good there was good land, more settlers land, more settlers camecame
This started This started “Oregon Fever”“Oregon Fever”
Trails to the West Trails to the West Most settlers Most settlers
followed the Oregon followed the Oregon Trail Trail
This trail was 2,000 This trail was 2,000 miles from Missouri miles from Missouri to Oregon, and it to Oregon, and it took 5 months to took 5 months to complete.complete.
Pioneers banded Pioneers banded together for together for protection-Wagons protection-Wagons carried supplies carried supplies while the people while the people walkedwalked People began to People began to
get rid of personal get rid of personal items to make the items to make the wagons lighterwagons lighter
Trails to the West Trails to the West
Working with only Working with only hand tools, people hand tools, people had to clear land, had to clear land, plant crops and plant crops and build sheltersbuild shelters
Diseases, accidents Diseases, accidents and natural and natural disasters were disasters were common. common.
Sine setters even Sine setters even gave up and gave up and returned eastreturned east
Trails to the West Trails to the West Women worked Women worked
with men to make with men to make their family farms their family farms successfulsuccessful
Women also Women also fought for the fought for the right to voteright to vote
In 1869, the In 1869, the Wyoming territory Wyoming territory was the first that was the first that
let women votelet women vote
Trails to the West Trails to the West
Natives had an Natives had an uneasy peace with uneasy peace with the whitesthe whites
After gold was After gold was discovered in discovered in Oregon in 1850, Oregon in 1850, white and Chinese white and Chinese miners came into miners came into the areathe area
War broke out with War broke out with
the Nativesthe Natives
Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico Conflict between Mexico and Conflict between Mexico and
the Americans in Texasthe Americans in Texas Americans were moving to Texas, Americans were moving to Texas,
and they were Protestant, not and they were Protestant, not CatholicCatholic
The Americans were bringing The Americans were bringing slaves, which was outlawed in slaves, which was outlawed in MexicoMexico
The Mexican democracy was The Mexican democracy was overturned by Santa Anna, and he overturned by Santa Anna, and he turned it to a dictatorshipturned it to a dictatorship
In 1836, the Texans declared In 1836, the Texans declared independence from Mexico and independence from Mexico and created the Republic of Texascreated the Republic of Texas
Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico Santa Anna attacked Santa Anna attacked
the Alamothe Alamo The Americans defended The Americans defended
it for 12 days until the it for 12 days until the Mexicans took overMexicans took over
A few months later, Sam A few months later, Sam Houston, led a small Houston, led a small army to attack Santa army to attack Santa Anna’s armyAnna’s army
They captured the leader They captured the leader and signed a treaty that and signed a treaty that gave Texas gave Texas
independence.independence.
Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico
Sam Houston Sam Houston became the became the President of the President of the Republic of TexasRepublic of Texas
He hoped that the He hoped that the United States would United States would Annex TexasAnnex Texas
Initially they were Initially they were not annexed not annexed because there was because there was no free state to no free state to balance thembalance them
Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico
President John President John Tyler asked Tyler asked congress to annex congress to annex Texas 3 days Texas 3 days before he left his before he left his presidencypresidency
Although Santa Although Santa Anna had signed a Anna had signed a treaty, Mexico treaty, Mexico claimed that it was claimed that it was not truly a treatynot truly a treaty
Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico
President James K. Polk offered to pay President James K. Polk offered to pay Mexico for the border of Texas and to pay Mexico for the border of Texas and to pay for Californiafor California
This angered MexicoThis angered Mexico This began a war with MexicoThis began a war with Mexico This was called the Mexican American WarThis was called the Mexican American War
Most Americans supported the warMost Americans supported the war But Northerners said it was about extending slaveryBut Northerners said it was about extending slavery
Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico Polk sent troops to New Polk sent troops to New
Mexico and to CaliforniaMexico and to California Settlers in California Settlers in California
declared themselves an declared themselves an independent republicindependent republic They rose a grizzly bear They rose a grizzly bear
flag flag
Although Mexico tried to Although Mexico tried to defend California and defend California and New Mexico, they did not New Mexico, they did not have the troops have the troops
Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico
General Zachary General Zachary Taylor invaded Taylor invaded Mexico, the Mexico, the Americans invaded Americans invaded and took over the and took over the capitalcapital
The Americans had The Americans had won the warwon the war
Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico
The treaty that ended the war was the The treaty that ended the war was the Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo They won the Mexican Cession which included They won the Mexican Cession which included
California, Nevada and Utah as well as part of California, Nevada and Utah as well as part of Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona and New MexicoWyoming, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico
They had also had the Gadsden Purchase which They had also had the Gadsden Purchase which made Manifest Destiny completemade Manifest Destiny complete
A Rush to the West A Rush to the West
People of the Mormon religion began to move People of the Mormon religion began to move west to Utah, eventually they founded the city of west to Utah, eventually they founded the city of Salt Lake CitySalt Lake City
The Church was founded in 1830 by Joseph SmithThe Church was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith One thing that was controversial was that some people One thing that was controversial was that some people
believed in polygamybelieved in polygamy The Mormons moved from New York to Ohio, then to The Mormons moved from New York to Ohio, then to
Missouri, then Illinois where Smith was murderedMissouri, then Illinois where Smith was murdered Brigham Young moved the Mormons to Salt Lake City Brigham Young moved the Mormons to Salt Lake City
Utah.Utah.
A Rush to the West A Rush to the West
Mormons and the government of the Mormons and the government of the United States had conflict for 3 reasonsUnited States had conflict for 3 reasons
Mormon church controlled the election process Mormon church controlled the election process in Utahin Utah
The Church only supported businesses for The Church only supported businesses for people that were Mormonpeople that were Mormon
PolygamyPolygamy
A Rush to the West A Rush to the West
It took 40 years to work out these issues, It took 40 years to work out these issues, Utah became a state in 1896Utah became a state in 1896
In 1848, James Marshall found a gold In 1848, James Marshall found a gold nugget in a ditch in Californianugget in a ditch in California
80,000 “forty-niners’ ran to California to search 80,000 “forty-niners’ ran to California to search for goldfor gold
There was both gold above ground and below There was both gold above ground and below ground and it the waterground and it the water
A Rush to the West A Rush to the West
People were fighting over water rights because People were fighting over water rights because the gold would move with the waterthe gold would move with the water
Because of the people moving west, towns Because of the people moving west, towns sprang upsprang up There were vigilantes in these townsThere were vigilantes in these towns
The women who went to California mined, ran The women who went to California mined, ran and worked in boarding houses, hotels, and worked in boarding houses, hotels, restaurants, laundries and storesrestaurants, laundries and stores
A Rush to the West A Rush to the West
There was gold found in Idaho, Montana, There was gold found in Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Arizona and NevadaColorado, Arizona and Nevada
All different types of people went to All different types of people went to CaliforniaCalifornia
People from Europe, Asia, Australia and South People from Europe, Asia, Australia and South AmericaAmerica
A Rush to the West A Rush to the West
Men from China came to America in hopes that Men from China came to America in hopes that they could send home moneythey could send home money
They faced prejudiceThey faced prejudice They could not get jobs in mines, they had to cook or They could not get jobs in mines, they had to cook or
do laundry, work on railroads or farmsdo laundry, work on railroads or farms
A Rush to the West A Rush to the West
Thousands of free African Americans Thousands of free African Americans moved to Californiamoved to California
They had their own churches, and news papersThey had their own churches, and news papers They ran their own businesses They ran their own businesses But they did not have equal rightsBut they did not have equal rights
A Rush to the West A Rush to the West
Natives had their lands stolenNatives had their lands stolen Nearly 2/3 of the Natives that lived in California Nearly 2/3 of the Natives that lived in California
died during the Gold rushdied during the Gold rush