Wetland restoration projects in the Danube Delta Biosphere … · 2013-07-04 · DANUBE ENVIRONMENT...

DANUBE ENVIRONMENT FORUM, TULCEA, ROMANIA, JUNE 27-29, 2013

Wetland restoration projects in the Danube Delta Biosphere

Reserve/Romania PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE

2013



Danube River and Danube Basin 817,000 sq.km catchment basin – 8% of Europe surface



• Part of the Man

and Biosphere

Programme of

UNESCO since 1990

• Included in Ramsar

Convention List

since 1990

• Included in World

Heritage List since

1990

DANUBE DELTA -

BIOSPHERE RESERVE

Tulcea



HUMAN INDUCED CHANGES IN

DANUBE DELTA

BY

POLLUTION

AND

HABITAT

ALTERATIONS

DREDGING CHANNELS

HABITAT REDUCTIONS

BY

AND

BUILDING BARRAGES

AT KM 942 AND KM 863 FROM RIVER MOUTHS

DAMMING UPSTREAM FLOODPLAIN

AND 22% OF THE DELTA

B l a c k S e a

A

TULCEA

Pollution

LEGEND

Damming (22%)

New channels

Phosphorous: 45,000-60,000 t/year Oil: 45,000-50,000 t/year

DANUBE

Nitrogen: 300,000-400,000 t/year

(after Staras, 2000)



DAMMING FLOODPLAIN UPSTREAM DELTA

Jiu

Olt

Arges

Ialomita

Calmatui

Siret

before 1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 after 1970

Damming period

Iron Gate II

Iron Gate I

Catch sizes in the Romanian Danube Delta and adjacent lakes

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

10000 12000 14000 16000 18000

1 9 4 8

1 9

5 0

1 9 5 2

1 9

5 4

1 9 5 6

1 9

5 8

1 9 6 0

1 9

6 1

1 9 6 4

1 9

6 6

1 9 6 8

1 9

7 0

1 9 7 2

1 9

7 4

t o n s

Cyprinus Carpio Total

Damming floodplain area of the Danube river

0

100

200

300

400

500

1949 1952 1956 1960 1962 1966 1975

x1,000 ha



DANUBE ENVIRONMENT FORUM, TULCEA, ROMANIA, JUNE 27-29, 2013 26,000to

17,576to

16,548to

25,631to

25,340to



DAMMING AND CHANNEL EXCAVATION

Danube

Legend

1903-1916

1952-1960> 19601941-19511930-19401880-1902

Excavation period Legend

1960-19701971-19801981-1989

Building period

Danube

(after Staras, 2000) DANUBE ENVIRONMENT FORUM, TULCEA, ROMANIA, JUNE 27-29, 2013


Channels blocking




CHANGES IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER CHEMISTRY

DANUBE RIVER

Water inflow (cm/s) P(PO4) (mg/l) N(NO3) (mg/l)

P(PO4) inflow tons/year

N(NO3) inflow tons/year

DELTA ECOSYSTEMS Before 1960 1971-1980 1980-1989

309 359 620 <0,01 0,06 0,07 0,4 1,5 1,5

100 700 1400

4000 17000 29300

2003-2005 700 0,05 0,6

1100

13500

(modified after Staras, 2000)



• Water (lacustrine) surface reduction

• Marsh or lacustrian areas changes into partial or total drained fields

DANUBE RIVER low water level has a major impact on DANUBE DELTA

CLIMATIC CHANGES AND THEIR IMPACT ON DANUBE DELTA


Low water level impact on shoreline vegetation

• Macrophytes habitat reduction

• Bushes and reed expansion


• Eutrofication

• Reduction of aquatic species which consist basic food resource of birds

DANUBE RIVER low water level has a major impact on DANUBE DELTA

Migration from colonies


ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

Ob.1. Protect and maintain population of species and habitats with ecological values



Ob.2. Manage water circulation in order to improve the ecological conditions



THE RESTORATION PROGRAMME

• WETLAND RESTORATION - Research, design, monitoring - Civil works • HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM

REHABILITATION -Research and design -Civil works



In 1994 - Babina (2,100 ha), - agricultural polder -

in 1996 - Cernovca(1,580 ha)- agricultural polder -

in 2000 - Popina(3,600 ha) - fishpond -

in 2002 - Fortuna (2,115 ha) -- agricultural polder -

in 2006 - SF. Gheorghe arm’s meanders (687 ha)

In 2008 - Holbina -Dunavat(5,630 ha)- fishponds -

Restoration Works in the Danube Delta

TOTAL: 15,712 haDANUBE ENVIRONMENT FORUM, TULCEA, ROMANIA, JUNE 27-29, 2013


BABINA-CERNOVCA PILOT PROJECT

Babina(2,100 ha)

Cernovca(1,580 ha)

Research 1991 - 1994 1991 - 1996Design 1994 1996Implementation 1994 1996Monitoring 1995 - 2003 1997 - 2003

Project status

fullyimplementedreverted to

wetlandsince 1994

fullyimplementedreverted to

wetlandsince 1996

Present status

a mosaic of water types,clear to turbid water

systems, depending onthe connectivity to the

riverDANUBE ENVIRONMENT FORUM, TULCEA, ROMANIA, JUNE 27-29, 2013

DANUBE ENVIRONMENT FORUM, TULCEA, ROMANIA, JUNE 27-29, 2013 DANUBE ENVIRONMENT FORUM, TULCEA, ROMANIA, JUNE 27-29, 2013


BEFORE FLOODING



2 YEARS AFTER FLOODING



AGRICULTURAL POLDER IN DANUBE DELTA



Babina-Cernovca area (satellite images)

1993

1996

1993

1996



Babina-Cernovca area (satellite images 2013)


DANUBE ENVIRONMENT FORUM, TULCEA, ROMANIA, JUNE 27-29, 2013 DANUBE ENVIRONMENT FORUM, TULCEA, ROMANIA, JUNE 27-29, 2013

40,4 ha

26,9 ha 20,4 ha

Lakes of Babina restored area


BIOLOGICAL FILTERING CAPACITY OF THE PALUSTRIAN AND AQUATIC VEGETATION



CONTACT OF CLEAN WATER FROM RESTORED AREA WITH DANUBE WATER RICH IN SEDIMENTS



CONTROL FISHING RESULTS IN RESTORED AREAS INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF BOTH REPRODUCERS AND YOUNG FISH



• S = 3,600 ha, fish ponds -Research: 1996-1999 -Implemented since 2000 -Status: permanent

wetland connected to the river

Canalul Cardon

Pop

ina

Ca

na

l

Cardon Canal

Musura

Branch

433283

8606

41

CH

ILIA A

rm

POPINA I

Dâmbei Road

Popina Br

ook

M o n k

O p e n in g

EC 22

EC 21

POPINA PROJECT



FORTUNA PROJECT

Fortuna Lake

Danube

S = 2,115 ha -Former polder for forestry -Research: 2000-2002 -Present status: implemented



HOLBINA-DUNAVAT PROJECT

S = 5,630 ha, former fish farms Research: 1993-1996 Result: Restoration strategy Implementation status:

investment funds available since 2003

Evolution: water system reverted from turbid plankton - dominated state to clear macrophytes - dominated one



3 islands - created as a result of rectification of Danube arm - were proposed to be connected to river

S= 687 ha

Hydrological connectivity restoration

MEANDERS PROJECT



50-100 EURO/HA/YEAR with low costs instead subsidies

FISH: 34 KG/HA/YEAR REED: 1-2 TONES/HA/YEAR PASTURE: 0,5 UVM/HA/YEAR

ECONOMICAL RESULTS

NUTRIENT REMOVAL - 15 KG PHOSPHORUS/HA/YEAR

- 335 KG NITROGEN/HA/YEAR

SEDIMENT RETENTION - 11 TONES/HA/YEAR

HABITAT FOR BIRDS AND FISHES AESTHETIC VALUES WATER STORAGE

ECOLOGICAL VALUES

WETLAND REHABILITATION

UNSUSTAINABLE / ABANDONED POLDERS

BENEFITS OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION BABINA&CERNOVCA PILOT PROJECTS - S=3,600HA

FILTERING



ECONOMICAL INDICATOR: MAXIMUM COST/BENEFIT RATIO BABINA&CERNOVCA PILOT PROJECTS - S=3,600HA

COSTS: RESEARCH, DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION: 100,000 EURO

BENEFITS: FISH YIELD: 3,600HA x 34KG x 0.5EURO/KG = 60,000EURO/YEAR REED HARVEST: 3,600HA x 1T/HA x 16EURO/T = 60,000EURO/YEAR TOURISM: 10TURISTS x 100DAYS/YEAR x 10EURO/DAY = 10,000EURO/YEAR CATTLE: 100HA x 0.5UVM/HA x 100KG x 2EURO/KG = 10,000EURO/YEAR TOTAL VALUE : 140,000 EURO/YEAR at low labour costs



& DANUBE DELTA BIOSPHERE RESERVE AUTHORITY

AWARDS



Objectives: 1. Reduce nutrients and sediments inflow to the delta by: -close or semi-close the artificial North-

South oriented canals

-reduce section of the (semi-)natural

West-East channels

2. Improve water circulation inside the delta and create refuge for fish at lower water level by: silt removal from natural canals

REHABILITATION OF HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM



Legend

Channels Blocking 8 channels Un-silting works L=329.5 km

Calibrated Channels 5 sections


CONSTRAINTS

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

POLITICAL DECISION PUBLIC AWARENESS

GAPS IN KNOWLEDGEIRREVERSIBLE

MAN MADE CHANGES

WATER QUALITY

WETLAND RESTORATION

STAKEHOLDERS PARTICIPATION

FUNCTIONAL

INTEGRITY


ECONOMIC INTEREST


DANUBE ENVIRONMENT FORUM, TULCEA, ROMANIA, JUNE 27-29, 2013 (after Staras, 2000)


ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION PROGRAMME 2005 – 2015

- part of the Master Plan for sustainable development of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve -

Foto: Erika Schneider WWF Germany



ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION PROGRAMME

2005 – 2015 Stage I - 2005 - 2008

1 2

4

3

ţ

Total S = 5,876 ha

Total S = 13,740 ha Civil works 1994 - 2004 Restored areas

1. A.A. Babina S= 2.100ha

2.A.A. Cernovca S= 1.580ha

3.A.A. Fortuna S= 2.115ha

4.A.P. Popina S= 3.600ha

Total S= 9.395ha

Polder

Fish Pond

1 2

4

3

ţ

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1.Carasuhat S= 2,863 ha 2. Murighiol-Dunavăţ S= 2,538 ha 3. Sulina S= 475 ha 4. Chilia I + II S= 2,950 ha 5. Murighiol S= 2,260 ha 6. Ceamurlia I S= 2,900 ha 7. Holbina-Dunavaţ S= 5,630 ha

Total Stage I : S= 19,616 ha


ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION PROGRAMME

2005 – 2015

Stage II – 2009 - 2015

Restored areas

1. A.P. Babina S= 2.100ha

2.A.P. Cernovca S= 1.580ha

3.A.P. Fortuna S= 2.115ha

4.F.P. Popina S= 3.600ha

Total S= 9.395ha

Task 1 Desiltation works L = 70 km Task 2 Wetland restoration

Polder

Fish Pond

Total S = 32,512 ha

Total S = 13,570 ha

1 2

4

3

ţ

PARDINA S=27.032 ha

SIREASA S=5.480 ha


Support from NATURE

SIREASA 2010


WETLANDS ECOLOGICAL

RESTORATION PROJECTS

TODAY

Zaghen 2013


WETLANDS ECOLOGICAL

RESTORATION PROJECTS

TODAY

Carasuhat 2013


WETLANDS ECOLOGICAL

RESTORATION PROJECTS:

FUTURE?


THANK YOU

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Wetland restoration projects in the Danube Delta Biosphere … · 2013-07-04 · DANUBE ENVIRONMENT...

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