WGISS-25, Sanya, DLR, 26 March 2008, CNES/J.P.Antikidis

A Roadmap for WGISS support to Land Surface Imaging Constellation

jean-pierre.antikidis@cnes.fr

WGISS-25, Update & report

LSI Constellation reminders

WGISS to help Virtual Constellation creations

New elements for upcoming work

WGISS-25, Sanya, DLR, 26 March 2008, CNES/J.P.Antikidis

It is recommended that CEOS WGISS provide guidance on:

=>> The necessary acquisition strategy,

=>> Metadata standards and product interoperability and availability

=>> Coordinate with CEOS WGISS for moderate/fine resolution data exchange protocols and metadata standards

DATA INTEGRATION RECOMMENDATIONS (GEO TASK AG-07-03 )

WGISS-25, Sanya, DLR, 26 March 2008, CNES/J.P.Antikidis

Secure operational status for fine resolution sensing systems (10m-50m) extending the 35 years of dynamic data continuity from Landsat and SPOT (Reference product?)

Develop and implement within the next 5 to 10 years the next generation of fine resolution sensing systems, to provide an integrated system, acquiring and providing global coverage of 10m cloud free imagery every 5-10 days ( Real constellation ?)

Put in place systems to provide moderate resolution data (1km-250m) delivery in near real time or at a minimum within 24 hours of acquisition

Development of an international moderate (30m) resolution data initiative, providing a global data set for the 2009-2011 period, from the available international assets. (Data set definition?)

Encourage a reduction in price of very fine resolution (1m-10m) data especially for targeting agricultural lands in regions where food security is a priority issue (/)

Help minimize delays in data access, foster wide spatial and temporal data availability of data, promote data sharing and collaboration, and enable integration of earth observations and in situ data (GRID/WAG/Sensor Web)

SYSTEM RECOMMENDATIONS (GEO TASK AG-07-03 )

LSI constellation WGISS report- - Since WGISS24 /DLR only paper work for two Since WGISS24 /DLR only paper work for two reasons:reasons:

- Integrated WGCV and WGISS effort is required- Integrated WGCV and WGISS effort is required

- Discovery of technological issues that may modify and - Discovery of technological issues that may modify and simplified the “agreement/standardisation” approach simplified the “agreement/standardisation” approach need some pre-thinking (has been done with respect to need some pre-thinking (has been done with respect to interaction with GRID & WebSensor team leaders)interaction with GRID & WebSensor team leaders)

- Little availability of the raporteur- Little availability of the raporteur

=>> very positive inputs from LSI meeting in Sanya=>> very positive inputs from LSI meeting in Sanya

Constellations definitions and reminders

Real ConstellationsReal Constellations

Create a set of satellites missions carrying a set of coordinated instruments. Can be Create a set of satellites missions carrying a set of coordinated instruments. Can be managed by one operator or be organized as a co-ordinated definition of satellites to be managed by one operator or be organized as a co-ordinated definition of satellites to be launched,launched,

This has been achieved for example in the Meteo domain with the co-ordinated This has been achieved for example in the Meteo domain with the co-ordinated definition of Geostationany Met satellites in the 70’s (eg: GOES,METEOSAT,JMS).definition of Geostationany Met satellites in the 70’s (eg: GOES,METEOSAT,JMS).

Virtual Constellation:Virtual Constellation:

Can we recreate out of a set of heterogeneous satellites systems the equivalent of the Can we recreate out of a set of heterogeneous satellites systems the equivalent of the information that could derive from a constellation of satellites information that could derive from a constellation of satellites having the same having the same technical characteristictechnical characteristic:: This is not an easy process since This is not an easy process since

- Number of existing satellites to be combined are sometimes limited (Landsat, Spot, - Number of existing satellites to be combined are sometimes limited (Landsat, Spot, IRS, AVHRR,ASTER)IRS, AVHRR,ASTER)

- Processing capabilities while steadily increasing are little coordinated- Processing capabilities while steadily increasing are little coordinated

- Unification and standards are not much mature and most of the time associated to a - Unification and standards are not much mature and most of the time associated to a given satellite series (eg: Landsat and SPOT reference projections are not equivalent)given satellite series (eg: Landsat and SPOT reference projections are not equivalent)

The future for virtual constellations ?

TThe Virtual Constellation concept he Virtual Constellation concept is is a way to bridge the advent of real constellations by first a way to bridge the advent of real constellations by first making use of making use of the the existing expensive flying hardware while trying to get the best of itexisting expensive flying hardware while trying to get the best of it but but may also may also constitute a long term and cleverconstitute a long term and clever way to maximise the use of satellites to come? way to maximise the use of satellites to come?

Induced advantages:Induced advantages:

•-Should any thematic require a comprehensible set of continuous information for which a -Should any thematic require a comprehensible set of continuous information for which a real constellation is needed this will automatically multiply the number of needed satellites by real constellation is needed this will automatically multiply the number of needed satellites by several orders of magnitude and we all know the financial limitations we will have then to several orders of magnitude and we all know the financial limitations we will have then to face.face.

•-A given satellite can exhibit properties that can be used for he benefit of several thematic -A given satellite can exhibit properties that can be used for he benefit of several thematic not belonging he the same constellation definition. Creating “virtual constellations is also a not belonging he the same constellation definition. Creating “virtual constellations is also a way to “de-multiply” the richness of a given satellite onto several constellation thematic (e.g.: way to “de-multiply” the richness of a given satellite onto several constellation thematic (e.g.: Landsat serving land application as well as atmosphere research etc..)Landsat serving land application as well as atmosphere research etc..)

•A new given thematic may appear needing a new constellation. This could be achieved ad be A new given thematic may appear needing a new constellation. This could be achieved ad be tested much quicker by having a virtual product (constellation) be produced out of existing tested much quicker by having a virtual product (constellation) be produced out of existing meansmeans

Role of WGISS in LSI Constellation

WGISS has been given a mandate to give support and its role need some first WGISS has been given a mandate to give support and its role need some first commentcomment::

•WGISS is by essence an advisory body not supposeWGISS is by essence an advisory body not supposedd to operate any satellite of to operate any satellite of its own which mean it cannot put into force any of the recommended actionsits own which mean it cannot put into force any of the recommended actions

•WGISS expertise is System and Services and not specifically connected to WGISS expertise is System and Services and not specifically connected to legal or administrative rules definitionslegal or administrative rules definitions

=> But WGISS is the right body to investigate on promising and low cost => But WGISS is the right body to investigate on promising and low cost solutions to Virtual Constellations creation while sugesting appropriate solutions to Virtual Constellations creation while sugesting appropriate specifications.specifications.

Basic logic is to sBasic logic is to start and live with existing or soon to come Land Satellites tart and live with existing or soon to come Land Satellites systems while trying to use them as a “virtual constellation”.systems while trying to use them as a “virtual constellation”.

This is possible in case we can derive from different satellites the same product This is possible in case we can derive from different satellites the same product and consider it as generated by a “virtual satellite constellation”.and consider it as generated by a “virtual satellite constellation”.

WGISS-25, Sanya, DLR, 26 March 2008, CNES/J.P.Antikidis

Payload processing

Thematicapplication

Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 ……..

Real Constellation

Virtual constellation by final products standardisation (LSI)

(Thematic standards)

In such a case the merging of all of the satellite information is In such a case the merging of all of the satellite information is achieved by creating a common template for a given user product achieved by creating a common template for a given user product (e.g.: vegetation index). This implies a clear definition of the needed (e.g.: vegetation index). This implies a clear definition of the needed product(s) and a set of agreements to be reached in between the product(s) and a set of agreements to be reached in between the many involved satellite operators.many involved satellite operators.

Involved operational cost can be significant since any agency has to Involved operational cost can be significant since any agency has to create a relevant operational service associated to a given product.create a relevant operational service associated to a given product.

The proposed FCDR (climate record) is a typical scenario of such an The proposed FCDR (climate record) is a typical scenario of such an approachapproach

WGISS-25, Sanya, DLR, 26 March 2008, CNES/J.P.Antikidis

Data thematictranslator

Data thematictranslator

Data thematictranslator

(Theme 1)

Agencycommitment

Virtual Thematic Constellation

Virtual Constellation by original product standardisation(Engineering standards)

This situation is to some extend connected to the specificity of the Land This situation is to some extend connected to the specificity of the Land Imaging paradigm in which most of the information can be described as Imaging paradigm in which most of the information can be described as physical measurement of the Earth emission in different wavelength (even physical measurement of the Earth emission in different wavelength (even by by activeactive illumination as illumination as in radar based systems) with a given ground resolution in radar based systems) with a given ground resolution and identified spectral channels.and identified spectral channels.

Instead of trying to harmoniInstead of trying to harmonizze final products, could be interesting to analyse e final products, could be interesting to analyse how one may create a “pseudo constellation” providing standardised how one may create a “pseudo constellation” providing standardised measurements.measurements.

Any user may then apply any process of his own while the same original data Any user may then apply any process of his own while the same original data set could be used for an infinite number of applications.set could be used for an infinite number of applications.

To some extend this is the way GoogleTo some extend this is the way Google--Earth works by patching together a Earth works by patching together a large number of different sources, while users just mash-up their application large number of different sources, while users just mash-up their application on a “Virtual Google planet”.on a “Virtual Google planet”.

=> Need a common effort with WGCV since reference products need to be => Need a common effort with WGCV since reference products need to be standardised in geometry as well as radiometrystandardised in geometry as well as radiometry

The Google -like approach (Virtual Earth)

Construct by ground process a product having standardized Construct by ground process a product having standardized characteristics and joining the resulting images sets in a unified characteristics and joining the resulting images sets in a unified set of information equivalent to the one that would have been set of information equivalent to the one that would have been produced by the given virtual constellation.produced by the given virtual constellation.

Many different "virtual constellations" having different Many different "virtual constellations" having different performances and properties can be created (since only a matter performances and properties can be created (since only a matter of ground process) so to experience their properties some form of of ground process) so to experience their properties some form of simulator can be created.simulator can be created.

Resulting products will never be perfect but could easily improve Resulting products will never be perfect but could easily improve versus time. versus time.

WGISS-25, Sanya, DLR, 26 March 2008, CNES/J.P.Antikidis

Datatranslator

Datatranslator

Datatranslator

Data constellationData constellation Data constellation

Virtual LSI satellites data Constellation

Theme 1 Theme 2 …

Web GRID infrastructure ?

Organisational strategyDefine agreed application templateDefine agreed application templateDefine agreed virtual productsDefine agreed virtual productsDefine working procedure:Define working procedure:

- Open loop- Open loop

- Close loop- Close loopDefine agreement strategy:Define agreement strategy:

- Fully centralised (master+ participants) - Fully centralised (master+ participants)

- Club (organised but open to evolution)- Club (organised but open to evolution)

- Peer to Peer (free access on an ad’hoc basic)- Peer to Peer (free access on an ad’hoc basic)

Processing strategy

Centralised process (expensive but easy standardisation)Centralised process (expensive but easy standardisation)Decentralised production with centralised synthesisDecentralised production with centralised synthesisFully decentralised production and synthesis (need GRID Fully decentralised production and synthesis (need GRID like environement)like environement)Two options:Two options:

- Thematic constellation (multi use but mono-thematic)- Thematic constellation (multi use but mono-thematic)

- Emulated observing constellation- Emulated observing constellation

Satellite programming strategyTwo majors functionning:Two majors functionning:

# Open loop programming (take whatever is picked up)# Open loop programming (take whatever is picked up)

May ease initial inventory and productionMay ease initial inventory and production

=> Present situation analysis is feasible=> Present situation analysis is feasible

# On request programming (add or modify existing # On request programming (add or modify existing programming)programming)

Bring better constellation behaviour to the expense of Bring better constellation behaviour to the expense of priorities modificationspriorities modifications

Distribution and policy strategy

Distribution either centralised or peer to peerDistribution either centralised or peer to peerA virtual constellation may imply a “Virtual A virtual constellation may imply a “Virtual distributor”distributor”Question:Question:

- Need some “chef d’orchestre” for each of the - Need some “chef d’orchestre” for each of the constellation with identified duty and rights ?constellation with identified duty and rights ?

- What’s the policy for the shared product- What’s the policy for the shared product

- Any requirement with induced cost return ?- Any requirement with induced cost return ?

Longer term approach: The Intelligent agent use

Even by choosing the Even by choosing the "Virtual Earth""Virtual Earth" approach the effort approach the effort required required frfrom each of the participating agencies can be rather om each of the participating agencies can be rather substantial.substantial.

A promising approach would be to create "background taA promising approach would be to create "background tassksks"" able to continuously browse into existing archives and able to continuously browse into existing archives and continuously creating the needed constellation product.continuously creating the needed constellation product.

Looks a like the Looks a like the SETI programme SETI programme principle principle with data with data transformation softwaretransformation software working in the background without working in the background without need for much human intervention.need for much human intervention.

This may allow This may allow a a rather simplified and autrather simplified and autoomated way to create mated way to create "Virtual Constellation" and make them sustainable "Virtual Constellation" and make them sustainable at low at low operating cost operating cost (even on the long term)(even on the long term)

WGISS-25, Sanya, DLR, 26 March 2008, CNES/J.P.Antikidis

Virtual constellation

Intelligent agent

Virtual LSI satellites Constellation creation by

background agent

Automated archive browse and background

transcoding

GRID based share

LSI Constellation WGISS work avenues Following WGISS24 discussions following suggestions are made for the sake of a Following WGISS24 discussions following suggestions are made for the sake of a

WGISS roadmap in support to the GEO endeavour and could constitute the kernel WGISS roadmap in support to the GEO endeavour and could constitute the kernel of WGISS specific support say:of WGISS specific support say:

i)i) Clear definition of each of the here-above described approaches (may be others) and Clear definition of each of the here-above described approaches (may be others) and their suitability to CEOS-LSI planstheir suitability to CEOS-LSI plans

ii)ii) Analysis of the main technical issues and operational consequences allowed by Analysis of the main technical issues and operational consequences allowed by newly introduced WGISS technologies applied to LSI (newly introduced WGISS technologies applied to LSI (Connection with WGCV, for Connection with WGCV, for simulation tools dvt ?)simulation tools dvt ?)

=>=>Possible prototyping of demonstration case (not thematic like FCDR but generic to Possible prototyping of demonstration case (not thematic like FCDR but generic to LandLand a applications)pplications)

=> => Introduction of new concept able to ease and speed up practical implementation of a Introduction of new concept able to ease and speed up practical implementation of a LSILSI virtual Constellation.virtual Constellation.

=> => Evaluation of possible prototyping or demonstration illustrating the possible Evaluation of possible prototyping or demonstration illustrating the possible approaches and their consequences in term of cost and effort (WGISS team to approaches and their consequences in term of cost and effort (WGISS team to report to LSI team)report to LSI team)

=> => Cross-analysis of induced proposals with agencies view (report to LSI team and Cross-analysis of induced proposals with agencies view (report to LSI team and CEOS/GEO under Martha & Bryan umbrella) CEOS/GEO under Martha & Bryan umbrella)

Working directions for WGISS contribution

System analysisSystem analysis::

- Select thematic products characteristics- Select thematic products characteristics

- Select emulated sensors characteristics- Select emulated sensors characteristics

- Analyse induced coverages in open loop- Analyse induced coverages in open loop-Analyse possible coverage in close loopAnalyse possible coverage in close loop

Implementation testsImplementation tests-Data converters (on an agency basis)Data converters (on an agency basis)-Thematic converters (on an agency basis)Thematic converters (on an agency basis)- Virtual mosaic (peer 2 peer/Grid exchanges)Virtual mosaic (peer 2 peer/Grid exchanges)

Synthesis

• Virtual Constellations may become common use in the years to come and may save Virtual Constellations may become common use in the years to come and may save enormous expenses to the price of rather complex ground operations.enormous expenses to the price of rather complex ground operations.• WGISS work may become very effective by sugesting easy solutions minimizing the WGISS work may become very effective by sugesting easy solutions minimizing the operational burden on paticipating agencies.operational burden on paticipating agencies.• The LSI case is quite favorable since allowing rather automated solutionsThe LSI case is quite favorable since allowing rather automated solutions• A close coordination in-between WGISS and WGCV in view of A close coordination in-between WGISS and WGCV in view of defining "template defining "template missions" missions" is is to be encouragedto be encouraged

TThhis may require:is may require:• Analyis of potential virtual constellation definition (simulator ?)Analyis of potential virtual constellation definition (simulator ?)• Experimenting on translating software modules suited to a given set of Experimenting on translating software modules suited to a given set of satellitessatellites/products/products• Showing the possibility to create virtual Showing the possibility to create virtual and distributed geocoded and distributed geocoded world mosaicsworld mosaics (thematic or technical)(thematic or technical)

Thanks to Martha, Brian Bailey, for theit most useful help preparing this material Thanks to Martha, Brian Bailey, for theit most useful help preparing this material