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What are we going to call the first people who lived in North
America?
Where did The First Occupants come
from?
How did the First Occupants get to North America ?
What were the names of the 3 main
groups of First Occupants?
•What region did the Iroquoians live in ?•What regions did the
Algonkians live in ?•What region did the Inuit
live in ?
How did the first Occupants live in the year 1500?
Did the 3 groups of First Occupants live in the same places?
Because the 3 groups of First Occupants lived in different
places, they lived in different ways
Iroquoians: the way they lived• Iroquoians lived
in the St-Lawrence Valley• The soil was very
FERTILE• Fertile means
good for growing vegetables
Iroquoians were farmers!
• They grew vegetables• corn, beans, squash• Men hunted animals
sometimes for meat• Farming is where they
got most of their food
Iroquoians stayed in the same place
• Because they were farmers
• They grew food• They lived close to
where they grew food• Staying in one place is
called SEDENTARY• Iroquoians had a
sedentary way of life
Iroquoian Homes
• Iroquoians lived in villages
• There were a lot of houses in the village.
• The houses were called ‘LONGHOUSES’
Inside a Longhouse
Longhouses were made of….
• Wood• Bark from trees• Animal fur and bones• Other natural materials
Villages were protected
• Iroquoian villages were protected by a wall
• This wall was made out of large pieces of wood
• The wall protected the village from attacks
Iroquoians Con’t• How did they travel?– Travel by foot
(snowshoes in winter) or by canoe (on waterways)
• What did their housing look like?– They built semi-
permanent structures called ‘longhouses’
– Each longhouse housed several families
Iroquoians Con’t
• How did they farm, hunt and store food?– Simple tools like stone
axes, bows/arrows and baskets allowed them to live and maintain a sedentary life
• Animal skins/furs comprised most of their clothing trade with Algonkian tribes
Iroquoians Con’t
• Why were longhouses semi-permanent?– Every 8-10 years, the soil
the Iroquoian tribes farmed became infertile…so they had to change where they lived
– A new Group of longhouses was built elsewhere
Iroquoians Con’t• Iroquoian social
structure was known as MATRIARCHAL
• What did this mean for them?– Women made important
decisions, were the leaders of permanent settlements and decided who would be the chief of the tribe/village (a man)
Algonkians: their way of life
• Algonkian groups lived in the ‘Canadian Shield’ and Appalachian Mountain Regions NOT FERTILE
• NON FERTILE= hunting and gathering= NOMADIC
Algonkians Con’t • They did not farm like the
Iroqouian tribes, so they relied on hunting animals and gathering wild vegetation like berries
• Summertime=fishing grounds
• What was their housing like?– Small/portable dwellings
called wigwams– 2-4 families per wigwam
Algonkians Con’t
• How did Algonkians travel?– Foot, canoe, snowshoes,
tobogans• Tools?– Bows/arrows, stone
axes, fishing implements like nets
Algonkians Con’t
• The social structure= PATRIARCHY
• What does that mean?• The opposite of
MATRIARCHAL • Men made important
decisions and were placed in leadership roles