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WHAT BRINGS YOU AND YOUR FAMILY TOGETHER?
Warm Up
Examples
Examples
Examples
NATIONALISM
What is nationalism?
• Feeling of pride in one’s nation
• Significant several political movements in the 18th & 19th centuries in Europe
• Belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or empire, but to a nation of people who share a common culture & history
What is nationalism?
• The attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity
• The actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-determination (autonomy)
Culture
• Shared Way of life– Food, behavior, dress
History
• A common past
Language
• Different dialects of 1 language.
• 1 language becomes “national language”
Territory
• Land
Nationality
• Belief in common ethnic ancestry that may or may not be true
Religion
• Shared by all or most people
Types of Nationalistic Movements• Unification –– Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar
nations, and lands; unification of nations– Examples: Germany & Italy
• Separation –– Culturally distinct peoples resist incorporation or
pursue separatists movements– Examples: Austria & Russia
• State-building –– Culturally distinct groups form a new state by
embracing a common culture– United States & Turkey
WARM UP
NationalismUnification
Italy
• Mazzini Mazzini “The Soul” “The Soul”• Garibaldi Garibaldi
“The Sword” “The Sword”• Cavour Cavour “The Brain” “The Brain”
Leaders of Leaders of UnificationUnification
Italy Unites!
• Looked for leadership from Kingdom of Piedmont- Sardinia (most powerful Italian state)
• Camillo di Cavour named Prime Minister• United majority of Northern Italy through
diplomacy, & war with the Austrians.- Venetia
Italy Unites!
• Simultaneously: Giuseppe Garibaldi (a nationalist soldier) captured Sicily.
• Agreed to unite Garibaldi’s Southern Lands with Cavour’s Northern Lands with King Emmanuel II as leader.
• Rome becomes the Capital with the Pope as its leader (Vatican City)
Germany
Germany Unites
• 1815 Germany had 39 states called the German Confederation (controlled by Austria).
• Prussia leads unification– German population– Nationalistic movement– Stronger Army
Germany Unites!
• Wilhelm I– Leader of German Confederation– Parliament refused money for reforms– Junker support• Strongly conservative & wealthy Prussia class• Appoints Otto Von Bismarck
Germany Unites
• Bismarck-- realpolitik– Politics of reality; tough power politics with no
room for idealism. – Prussia Expands: creates a sense of national pride. • Gets provinces of Schleswig (Prussia) & Holstein
(Austria)• 7 Week’s War
– Austria loses & Prussia takes control of all the North German Confederation while also uniting East & West parts of the Prussia Kingdom
Germany Unites
• Southern states remain out of Prussian control• Franco-Prussian War– Starts war with France to gain alliance from the
Southern States– Prussia invades France– King Wihelm I crowned Kaiser– Unified Germany
NationalismSeparation
• Austrian Empire-Hapsburgs• Russian Empire-Romanovs• Ottoman Empire- Turks
Austrian Empire
• Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Poles etc.
• Lost Northern Land to Prussia (smaller/weaker)
• Pressure from Hungarians causes split
• Now called Austria Hungary
• Falls after WWI
Russian Empire
• Ukrainians, Poles, Georgians etc.
• Each group has it’s own culture
• Russification- forcing Russian culture on all groups
Russian Empire
• Strengthened nationalist feelings
• Czar could not handle WWI & communist revolution.
• Fell in 1917
Ottoman Empire
• Granted equal citizenship to all people under their rule
• Angered conservative Turks
• Armenian Nationalist Movement- caused Turks to massacre & depart thousands from 1894-1896 1915
Ottoman Empire
• Called “Sick Man of Europe”
• Falls after WWI
NationalismPride? Attitude?
Action?