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WHAT “CATCH” MEANS IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT?
Sachiko TSUJI (FAO) 30/10-01/11/2012
UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
How “catch” is determined – meaning of catch Detailed definition of catch Indication of “catch” in a context of monitoring
“environment”
- We cannot see underneath of water – limitation in available information; invisible, less noticeable
- Aquatic – terrestrial biological dynamics – no difference in principle
30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Senior Fishery Statistician of FAO Responsible for all Fishery and Aquaculture statistics
disseminated from FAO Participated in development of UN SEEA, CBD - aquatic
Secretary of Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP) FAO Statutory global coordinating mechanism - 22
organizations as members Objectives - set up standards, concepts and classifications
for fisheries statistics, review information needs, coordination for research and collaboration
Personal background – population dynamics
Dynamics on aquatic stocks, fishing activities, catch and environmental impacts.
What “catch” means ?
Dynamics of biological stock
Dynamics of biological stock
Catch diagram
# boats; Gear technology; Fishing Days
ENSO events;Climate changes
impacts,
CATCH = [Fishing Effort] * [Fish abundance available to fishing]
Sustainable YieldsStock Abundance
Catch
Sustainable Yields Fishing Efforts
Catch diagram
Urbanization; Water front development;
Pollution
# boats; Gear technology; Fishing Days
ENSO events;Climate changes
impacts,
CATCH = [Fishing Effort] * [Fish abundance available to fishing]
Dynamics of biological stock
Dynamics of biological stock -- Impacts of habitat destruction
Dynamics of biological stock -- Combination with aquaculture
Removal of predators; Fertilizing; Blocking fish moves
Release of farmed seeds
30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Multi-species context
Single population theories not applicable to multi species context: Too complex for modeling Generally lower suitable harvest point; conflict between over-
exploited primary species .vs. under-exploited secondary species “Fished – down” – size change
Big fish and commercially high valued fish removed, first Size of fish getting smaller – matured at small size with young age;
fish becoming thin > lower productivities “Fished – down” – change in species composition
Moving to alternative less preferable species Lowering average trophic level
Small scale .vs. large scale
Identifying measurement and indicators suitable to monitor target events
What to measure ?
30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Selection criteria of indicators:
Directly measurable, not abstractive concepts: Sensitive and responsive to change in targets: Clear reflective relation to behavior of targets; Cost-effective: Robust and less sensitive to noise: Consistent with public understandings and
technical indications: Adequate time-series:
Concept of catch Diagram
Landing * Conversion factors > NOMINAL CATCH
Landing * Conversion factors > NOMINAL CATCH
30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Currently available data and indicators Contribution to food security -- FAO
Catch by species and species groups : Retained catch < converted from Landings Trades, disposition by species and species groups
Stock assessment / management purpose -- Regional Fishery Management Organizations (RFMOs) Gross removal (including discards), species-specific Stock indicator – e.g. catch taken by unit effort (CPUE) Stock assessment results of species under management Inventories and summary of stocks assessment results –
FAO SOFIA / FIRMS; ICES
30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Currently available data and indicators Stocks status as macro-indicators
Average trophic level – EU Indicators Gross removal adjusted with effort indicator (quasi-CPUE) –
SEEA Bio-diversity – CBD for aquatic (FAO) in pipeline
List of aquatic species captured as well as farmed: survey questionnaires in preparation
RFMOs – observer data on incidental-catch, discards, of ecologically related species and vulnerable ecosystem species
List of Protected Areas
30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
UNECE members – data reporting status In general, good data quality and species breakdown;
Belarus, Finland, Kazakhstan, FYR Macedonia, Russian; Serbia, Ukraine
Recently, struggle in communication: No reporting – Armenia (2005), Bosnia and Herzegovina (2007);
Georgia (2005, except marine capture in 2010); Turkmenistan (2005); Uzbekistan (2010)
Some component systematically not reported: Belgium (inland aquaculture); Moldova (no aquaculture since
2005); Montenegro (aquaculture); Tajikistan (no capture since 2005)
Some incomplete or inconsistent among years; Azerbaijan; Kyrgyzstan;
30/10-01/11/2012UNECE TF on Environmental Indicators
Points for consideration: Indicators of human pressure on environments – important:
Fishing pressure, small and large scale operations Non-fishery human activity pressure – no indicator available Impacts of human intervention – stocking, landscaping, protected area
Clarify the monitoring target: Not possible to monitor biodiversity and human pressure on aquatic
environments with one indicator Direct measurement better than indirect indicators – e.g. for pressure on
aquatic environment, energy use in fishing Clarify a link with policy decision – interpretation and actual utilization
Avoid duplication and build upon available resources: Enhancing overall monitoring capacity Rebuilding historical assessment
Thank you for your attention!!