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1

True or False

Lymphocytes are

concentrated in the lymph

nodes.

TRUE

True or False

The exchange of gases

between the air in the lungs

and blood stream is called

peripheral diffusion.

FALSE

True or FalseThe surface of the

integument of earthworms

and frogs must be kept

moist in order for the

gases to dissolve and

diffuse across cell

membranes.

TRUEfeeders.

True or False

In contrast with the

endocrine system, the

nervous system is more

specific yet takes time in

response.

FALSE

What change do I want?

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2

Need to SurvivePlants and Their

Survival

ObjectivesAt the end of the session, the learners will be able to:describe the structure and function of plant

tissues;

cite examples of plant tissues and their

location in a particular organ;

describe the structure and function of the

different plant organs; and

explain the different metabolic processes

involved in the plant's organ systems that aid in

their survival

The World of Plants

• are eukaryotic multicellular organisms

• are capable of producing their own

food by photosynthesis

(photoautotrophs)

• kingdom Plantae can be divided into 2

general groups based on the presence

of vascular tissues and organs that

transport H2O and nutrients within the

plant body: Nonvascular plants,

Vascular plants

The World of Plants

• Nonvascular plants

• a.k.a. bryophytes are primitive plants

• don't have true roots for absorbing ground water

• Lack tracheids, the conducting cells forming vascular tissues

The World of Plants

• Nonvascular plants• adapt poorly to land

environments

• lack water-proof layer on their outer surfaces making them lose H2O through evaporation

• rely on diffusion and osmosis to move materials throughout their bodies

The World of Plants

• Nonvascular plants• Reproduce sexually and

asexually.

• Sperms swim to egg cells thus they live in moist surfaces

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The World of Plants

• Vascular plants

• have true vascular tissues containing well-defined tubes

• are suited for dry land and allow them to grow tall

The World of Plants

• two types of tissues present:

• phloem - brings manufactured food through photosynthesis to other parts of the plant

• xylem - absorbs H2O and minerals from the soil

• e.g. flowering plants, ferns, pine trees

Plant Tissues

• a plant grows because it has meristems

• meristems, tissues located in plant regions where growth takes place

• Apical meristem

• Lateral meristems

Apical Meristems

• found at the tip of the stem or roots allow them to grow longer

• Primary growth

• is a region of actively dividing cells

• Can be:

• Shoot apical meristems – become leaves, petals, sepals, stamens , and ovaries

• Root apical meristems – become secondary roots

Lateral Meristems

• are referred to as secondary meristems

• known as the vascular and cork cambiums, are active in areas of the plant where primary growth has ceased

• The vascular cambium lies between the wood and the inner bark.

• The cork cambium lies closer to the surface, and produces the outer bark.

Plant Tissues

• Meristematic tissue is also

known as undifferentiated

tissue because the cells will

eventually become:

• Vascular tissues

• Ground tissues

• Dermal tissues

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1. Dermal Tissues

• cover and protect the surface of the different plant organs

• cutin - waxy substance covering the epidermis of the leaf that prevents water loss

• epidermis - covers the leaves, stem, roots, flowers, seeds

• root hairs - increase root absorption

• guard cells - open or close the stomata for gas exchange

• a.k.a. fundamental tissues

• form the main bulk of plants

• cells that form from them are

involved in production and storage

of food and support for the plant

• made up of three types of cells

namely: parenchyma,

collenchyma, and sclerenchyma

cells

2. Ground Tissues

Parenchyma Cells

• thin-walled cells, which contains plasmids

• Usually with large vacuoles

• "filler" tissue in soft parts of plants

• found in leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits

• capable of cell division

• could give rise to more specialized cells such as when roots develop from stem cuttings placed in H2O

Collenchyma Cells

• Similar to parenchyma cells but thick-walled cells that function as support

• Found beneath the epidermis

• found in areas that are growing and needs strengthening

• leaf stalk or petiole is made strong by them

Sclerenchyma cells• have thick secondary cell wall in addition

to the primary cell wall

• Secondary cell wall is impregnated with

lignin, an organic substance that

strengthens the cell walls

• most cells are nonliving and serve as

support

• have two types:

• fibers - long and slender, used to make

cloth

• sclereids - make seed coat and nutshells

tough

3. Vascular tissues

• are complex tissues

conducting nutrients from

roots to leaves

• 2 types of vascular tissues

namely: xylem, phloem

• xylem transports water and

minerals from roots to

leaves

• phloem transports organic

nutrients in both direction

along the length of the plant

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Plant Organs

• Plant tissues will eventually form

organs and organ systems

• organs system in plants can be

divided into 2 namely: root

system and shoot system

• root system found underground

• shoot system found above the

ground (stem, leaves, flowers)

Leaves

• chief organs for photosynthesis

• need a constant supply of CO2 ,

H2O, and solar energy

• function in reproduction (leaf

buds) in some plants

• modifications in leaves in the

presence of tendrils allow plants

to attach to objects, trap insects,

prevent loss of water

Stems

• are above-ground structures

• support the leaves• transport H2O and

important nutrients between roots and leaves

• produce new tissues during growth (apical and lateral bud)

Roots

• anchor a plant to the soil

• absorb nutrients and minerals

• modifications allow storage of products of photosynthesis

• store food during growing season and use this stored food during winter

ELS - QUIZ 08 March 2017

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1. Hedgehogs use chemical defenses to protect themselves from

their predators.

2. The lining of the digestive tract is composed of nervous tissues.

3. Connective tissues allows stretching and prevents tearing of

hollow organs.

4. Cardiac muscle are voluntarily controlled.

5. Two or more organs that work together form the organism.

6. Arthropods have jointed and immovable exoskeletons.

7. Defecation or egestion involves the excretion of feces

out of the body.

8. The absorption of food and water happens in large and

small intestines, respectively.

9. Cnidarians like hydra have circulatory systems that allow

them to exchange essential gases and wastes.

10. When nutrients are transported to the different cells to

provide nutrients is called assimilation.

11. The bee exhibits a Malphighian Tubule system of respiration.

12. The oxygen from the lungs attaches to the lymph in blood so

that it would be transported to the different body cells parts.

13. The androgen hormone is responsible in the deepening of

voice in males.

14. The amoeba excretes its excess fluid waste with the use of

contractile vacuole.

15. If a light is flashed near one eye, the pupils of both eyes

contract. This is a motor reflex involving the endocrine system.