The Plant Kingdom

What characteristics do all plants share? All are autotrophs.All are many-celled eukaryotes. All plant cells have cell walls.

Land plants evolved from green algae

The photosynthetic pigments are

the same.

They have the same types of chlorophyll and other pigments.

Adaptations for Land Living

Obtaining water and other nutrients roots

Adaptations for Land Living

Retaining water cuticle – waxy covering

Adaptations for Land Living

Transporting materials some species evolved

special tubes (xylem,phloem)

Adaptations for Land Living

Support cell walls and tubes help support

Adaptations for Land Living

Reproduction seed plants evolved

Classifying plantsTwo major groups.Nonvascular plants --

Lack a well-developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials.

Low growing. No roots for absorbing water from the

ground. (rootlike, stemlike,leaflike) Pass materials from cell

to cell. Thin cell walls. Live in damp, shady

places.

Nonvascular Moss - pioneer plants, first to inhabit a barren area

NonvascularLiverworts Hornworts leafy thalloid

Classifying plants (cont’d.)Vascular plants -- Plants with true vascular systems –

tubes for transport. True roots, stems and leaves Better for dry areas. Quick and efficient material

transport. Vascular tissue provides strength,

stability, support. What are the largest and oldest

living things on the planet ?

Giant Sequioa

Plant relatives

Life Cycles

Moss

Nonvascular

Moss – gametophyte is the dominant generation – it’s what we see.

It is leaflike.

Fern

Seedless vascular

Fern -- sporophyte is the dominant generation – it’s what we see.

The fronds are the true leaves.

Reproduction in ferns

Fern lifecycle

Ferns

The stem is underground.

It’s called a rhizome.

Ferns have true stems and roots.

Fern spores

Fern gametophyte

Reproduction in moss and fern

The moss male gamete must swim to the female gamete in sexual reproduction.

The fern male gamete must also swim to the female gamete.

How does that happen on land?