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The Plant Kingdom
What characteristics do all plants share? All are autotrophs.All are many-celled eukaryotes. All plant cells have cell walls.
Land plants evolved from green algae
The photosynthetic pigments are
the same.
They have the same types of chlorophyll and other pigments.
Adaptations for Land Living
Obtaining water and other nutrients roots
Adaptations for Land Living
Retaining water cuticle – waxy covering
Adaptations for Land Living
Transporting materials some species evolved
special tubes (xylem,phloem)
Adaptations for Land Living
Support cell walls and tubes help support
Adaptations for Land Living
Reproduction seed plants evolved
Classifying plantsTwo major groups.Nonvascular plants --
Lack a well-developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials.
Low growing. No roots for absorbing water from the
ground. (rootlike, stemlike,leaflike) Pass materials from cell
to cell. Thin cell walls. Live in damp, shady
places.
Nonvascular Moss - pioneer plants, first to inhabit a barren area
NonvascularLiverworts Hornworts leafy thalloid
Classifying plants (cont’d.)Vascular plants -- Plants with true vascular systems –
tubes for transport. True roots, stems and leaves Better for dry areas. Quick and efficient material
transport. Vascular tissue provides strength,
stability, support. What are the largest and oldest
living things on the planet ?
Giant Sequioa
Plant relatives
Life Cycles
Moss
Nonvascular
Moss – gametophyte is the dominant generation – it’s what we see.
It is leaflike.
Fern
Seedless vascular
Fern -- sporophyte is the dominant generation – it’s what we see.
The fronds are the true leaves.
Reproduction in ferns
Fern lifecycle
Ferns
The stem is underground.
It’s called a rhizome.
Ferns have true stems and roots.
Fern spores
Fern gametophyte
Reproduction in moss and fern
The moss male gamete must swim to the female gamete in sexual reproduction.
The fern male gamete must also swim to the female gamete.
How does that happen on land?