What do you associate with this picture? What does it suggest about what we’ll be studying in this unit?

In your notebook, for each picture:

Unit Overview 4.5 weeks (now through 5/5; includes April

break) Big topics:

Israel and Palestine The Middle East in the Cold War Terrorism and radical Islam

Big question: how does history explain problems we face in the present?

Egypt Turkey Saudi

Arabia Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Lebanon Syria Kuwait Afghanist

an Pakistan

EUROPEAN COLONIALISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Some terminology Islam = a religion founded by the Prophet

Muhammad Muslim = someone who follows Islam Arab = a member of a racial/ethnic group

concentrated in the Middle East and North Africa

Not all Arabs are Muslim Not all Muslims are Arab

Before World War I

The Ottoman Empire Founded 1301 “Islamic, but not Islamist”

Islam = state religion Didn’t force everyone to be

Muslim Based in Turkey (i.e., not

Arab) Competed with European

empires for power, influence, and territory

Why might Europeans be interested in the Middle East?

In your notebook:

Opened 1869

The Suez Canal

Oil (plus some bonus goats)

Territory for settlement (French Algeria)

Opportunism

Europe in the Muslim world, pre-WWI

1830: France takes Algeria

1839: Britain takes Aden (now Yemen)

1861: Britain takes Oman

1881: France takes Tunisia

1882: Britain takes Egypt

1899: Britain takes Sudan

1911: Italy takes Libya

1912: France takes Morocco

Who controls Arabia in 1914?• Ottomans• Arabs

The Fall of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottomans in WWI Ottoman Empire joins the

Central Powers 1916-1918: The Arab Revolt

Britain encourages uprisings in Ottoman territories

Britain promises to support independence for Arab states

The Sykes-Picot Agreement Signed 1916 between

France and Britain Secret agreement Agreed to divide up

former Ottoman territories among Britain and France

Contradicted Britain’s promises to the Arabs

The End of WWI 1918: Allies win Ottoman Empire

divided into ‘mandates’ – areas of control

Arabs move from Turkish to European rule