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What do you believe caused the American Revolution?Jot down some ideas at the top of your paper
and be ready to discuss
1754-1763Larger imperial conflict between France
and EnglandEnglish and French colonists moving into
each others’ territories- Ohio River ValleyDespite the victory, brought trouble for
BritainExpense- unwelcome taxes on the coloniesLimitation of westward expansion
Created unity and separation from EnglandNo aristocracyWidespread property ownershipReligious diversityRelative lack of povertyLack of urban developmentLack of deferenceSlavery
1754Plan to place British North American
colonies under more centralized leadership
Feared possibility of attackAdopted but never implementedFirst American political cartoon published
by Benjamin Franklin just before
Began 40 years before the revolutionMolasses Act- 1733- taxed rum, molasses and
sugar- protecting English economic interestsColonists- protested and largely ignored (smuggling)British Response- Sugar Act
Iron Act- 1750- limit colonial iron manufacturingFrench and Indian WarProclamation Line of 1763- prevented colonial
expansion past the Appalachians - stationed 10,000 troops to enforce. Colonists- angered because of investments; largely
ignoredBritish Response- Quebec Act- further limitation
Sugar Act- 1764- taxed wine, coffee, textiles, dye- attempts to stop smugglingColonists- protests- felt it violated English rightsBritish enforcement- protecting economic interests
Stamp Act- 1765- required purchased stamp for all legal documents, almanacs, newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, etc. First direct tax- broke principle that only local
government could impose taxesColonist response- boycotts, violence and protestsBritish- unresponsive to colonial complaints
Money spent in French and Indian WarBritish tax burden
Quartering Act-1765- requires colonial governments to provide housing for British troopsColonists- frustration- indirect tax, didn’t think
they needed protectionBritish response- influx of troops to enforce
taxes and stabilize frontierThe Townsend Acts- 1767
Glass, lead, paint, paper, tea- revenue funded colonial governorsColonists- boycotts, harassment, nonimportation actsBritish response-1768- Additional troops arrive in
the colonies to enforce taxes
March 5, 1770Mob of American colonists gathered at the
Custom’s House- protesting British troops presence
British soldiers fired on the crowd, killing 5, injuring 3
Colonial Reaction: Anger at direct act of violence- put soldiers on trial
British Response: No longer allowed colonial courts to try British citizens/officers
1773- Parliament passes Tea Act- bi-pass American wholesale merchants
December 16 1773- colonists disguised as Indians threw 342 crates of tea into Boston Harbor
British responded harshly- Coercive (Intolerable)Acts- closed Boston harbor, required that British officials be tried in England, forbid town meetings, etc.
People of other colonies rushed to Boston’s defense- sending supplies to ease burden of blockade
Other colonies formed provincial congresses to discuss action against England
First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia- September 1774Began organizing nationally against England
British Colonel Thomas Gage sends troops to seize rebel supplies at Concord, Massachusetts.
Patriots get word- The Ride of Paul Revere Revere and Dawes sent warnings throughout the
countrysideRevere was captured, Dawes prevented from
reaching Concord, but the word got throughNext morning April 19, 1775- British arrive at
Lexington- face 70 minutemenNo one knows who fired the first shot- “Shot heard
round the world”British Response- deployment of full military force