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1. Introduction In order to restore a peatland site, we have to know: − The current condition of the peatland − What relevant properties have been disturbed and can they be reversed? − What techniques could be applied? In many cases, the first goal in restoration is to limit further degradation. When active peat growth cannot be re-instated, limiting further degradation to prevent carbon loss is the priority at a national level. The primary method for limiting further degradation is to restore the original wetness as early as possible. In many cases re-wetting can, in time, bring back many of the lost peatland functions such as carbon storage, carbon sequestration, enhanced biodiversity, flood alleviation and improved water quality. http://www.snh.gov.uk/climate-change/what-snh-is-doing/peatland- action/ Scottish Natural Heritage What does peatland restoration look like? 2. Restoring water levels on Lowland Raised Bogs – Central Scotland 3. Restoring blanket bog from forestry – Caithness and Sutherland During the 1970s and 80s large swathes of pristine blanket peatland in Caithness and Sutherland were afforested with non-native conifers as a result of ill- advised tax incentives. Once the trees were removed, blanket peat restoration at Forsinard, Caithness involved: Combined, these restoration techniques are already re- creating an open landscape more typical of a natural blanket bog habitat; and one attractive to bog-loving wildlife. 4. Measuring and sharing success − Continued monitoring programmes will assess the effectiveness of restoration techniques in a range of settings, with best practice shared through demonstration events. − The project is asking all grant recipients to measure peat depths across the whole of the restored peatland to help build up a more accurate picture of the amount of the peatland resource. − In addition extensive telemetric hydrological monitoring is measuring water tables in response to rainfall events in collaboration with SEPA. − Ditch blocking to restore water levels on previously drained bogs. − Scrub clearance to reduce water loss through evapotranspiration. Combined, these restoration techniques have shown remarkable improvements with raised water levels and new Sphagnum growth. After crushing brash blocking ditches to raise water levels Andrew McBride, Christina Bell and Estelle Gill [email protected] Ditch blocking at Fannyside Muir A Peatland Action demonstration event at Flanders Moss, March 2014
