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What does the term Gilded What does the term Gilded mean?mean?
““Gilded Age”Gilded Age”
Corruption during Grant’s Administration (1868-1876)
Federal Government
1. Fisk, Gould – Gold Market 1869
2. Credit Mobilier 1868-1872
3. “Whiskey Ring” 1875
4. Belknap and Indians 1876
Local Government
“Boss Tweed” – Tammany Hall - Prime example of local corruption through political machine (Nast)
Election of 1872 Liberal Republicans – Greely Democrats – Greely Republicans - Grant -Wins – Waving the Bloody Shirt Some reform in government
“Like many American third parties, the Liberal Republicans left some enduring footprints, even in defeat” (American Pageant) How???
Election of 1868 Grant defeats Seymour
Impact of Freedmen?
Hard TimesHard Times1. Over-expansion and bad loans 1873 – Economic Depression Banking Collapse Jay Cook Freedmens Savings and Loan2. Soft Money (Inflation) Hard Money (Deflation) Debate Resumption Act of 1875 Crime of ’73 Bland Allison Act ’78 Greenback Labor Party ’783. Hayes Elected – Compromise 18774. Great RR Strike 1877 – Hayes sends in federal troops
Spoils System and Garfield’s Spoils System and Garfield’s AssassinationAssassination8:308:30
Gilded Age Elections – Turnout? Issues?
1880 election
Halfbreeds
Stalwarts
Garfield Assassination – Chester Arthur
Pendleton Acts - Civil Service ReformMakes compulsory campaign contributions illegal - shifts source of campaign
funds from party loyalists to corporations – begins civil service testing
Explain the meaning of the cartoon.
Ethnic Tensions IncreaseEthnic Tensions Increase8:408:40
Hard Times - look for a scapegoat
West - Chinese Immigration
Chinese Exclusion Act (Hayes veto Arthur signed ‘82)
U.S. v Wong Kim Ark: Native Born = citizen
South-
Redeemer Governments gradually pass Jim Crow laws – disenfranchisement, segregation, lynching, sharecropping
1884 Election1884 Election8:458:45
Cleveland v Blaine
Mugwumps
Rum Romanism and Rebellion
Tariff
Civil Service
Mudslinging/ Mulligan letters v Ma Ma…
Cleveland’s Administration 85-88Cleveland’s Administration 85-888:558:55
Limited Gov’t - President as Executive – Bourbon Democrat
Civil Service Reform?TariffGAR PensionsTexas FarmersDawes ActHaymarketInterstate Commerce ActReacquisition of Railroad Land
Cleveland loses to Benjamin Cleveland loses to Benjamin HarrisonHarrison
1888 Issues1888 Issues
Bloody Shirt
Tariff
Pensions for Civil War Veterans
Harrison’s Term Harrison’s Term 9:039:03
Billion Dollar Congress
McKinley Tariff 1890
Sherman Anti-trust Act 1890
Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890
Populist Party Formed 1890
Homestead Steel Strike(?) 1892
Cleveland’s Second TermCleveland’s Second Term Election of 1892 – Cleveland v Harrison v Weaver Democratic Split Bourbon(Gold) v Silver Democrats Rise of Populists – Platform? Depression 1893 Silver Act Repealed! J.P. Morgan rescues the treasury Coxey’s Army Wilson-Gorman Tariff (income tax) Pullman Strike- 1894
Election of 1896Election of 1896
Republicans – McKinley – Gold Standard, Tariff, Mark Hanna
Democrats – Split over silver
Byran “Cross of Gold Speech”
Some support McKinley
Populists - Bryan
Farmers Organize Farmers Organize Read Pageant 613-623Read Pageant 613-623
Greenback Labor Party Grange Self Help - Cooperatives State Laws – Granger Laws Munn v Illinois Wabash v Illinois Federal Law ICA 1887
Formation of Populist PartyFormation of Populist Party Farmers Alliance – 1880s Segregated in South Mary Lease, Ignatius DonnellyEvolves into Populist Party - Platform Nationalize RR, Telephone and Telegraph Abolish national banks Graduated Income Tax Free and Unlimited coinage of silver – national currency Government Owned Crop Warehouses and loans for
farmers Secret Ballot, Initiative, Referendum, Direct election of
Senators and President 8 hour workday, some immigration restrictions 4. Populist Party Elections 92 Weaver 96 Bryan???
18961896
ResultsMcKinley Takes overGold Discovered in AlaskaSpanish American WarRacism intensifies in the south Populist party ends