Date post: | 16-Dec-2015 |
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The Wonderful World of Joints!
What holds your joints together and keeps them connected as you move?
Bones come together at joints.
Joints are wrapped with ligaments that hold the joint together.
Cartilage, a soft type of protein, acts as padding and helps to decrease friction where bones connect.
Damaged cartilage causes pain and arthritis!
Arthritis: damaged cartilage in joints
Types of JointsJoints are places
where bones connect.
Joints increase skeletal flexibility
FFF (Form Follows Function) The configuration of a joint (form) determines the degree and direction of possible motion (function).
Immovable joints: no motion between the bonesCranium sutures
Slightly movable/semi-movable jointsRibs to sternumProvide flexibility
during breathing
Freely Movable Joint typesHinge joint: An
angle change in one planeElbowKneeFingers
Like a door hinge, opening and closing
Freely Movable Joint typesBall and
Socket Joint: circular rotational motionHipShoulder
Like a “joy stick”
Provides maximum mobility
Freely Movable Joint typesPivot JointSide to side
rotation, like turning a doorknobElbow (
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/ARM.MOV)
Neck
Freely Movable Joint types: Glide Joint
Slide back and forth across connecting surfaceMetacarpal/
metatarsal (hands, feet)
vertebrae
Reading review: bone typesLong bones
Arms, legsShort bones
Feet, handsIrregular bones
spineFlat bones
Ribs, skull
Reading review: Joints improve body flexibility
Immovable: Skull and pelvisSlightly movable: ribs to sternumFreely movable: large range of motion
Hinge: angular movement Elbow, knee
Pivot: side to side rotational motion elbow, neck
Ball and socket: circular rotation Shoulder, hip
Glide: small back and forth slide Spine, wrists, ankles
questionsWhat questions do you have about bones and
bone growth? Growth platesOsgood schlattersBone, tendon, ligament deal...when does that
happen?What do other organisms use?
WHY? Bird bones are easier to
break. Why?Some fish, like sharks
and skates, do not have calcium in their bones –instead, their bones are made entirely of cartilage protein-–like the cartilage in your nose and ears. Why is this an advantage? Why is it a disadvantage?